scholarly journals Spatial Distributions of Humic Substances and Evaluation of Sediment Organic Index on Lake Dalinouer, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dekun Hou ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Changwei Lü ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Fujin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Organic Sediment ◽  
High Degree

The aim of this study is to examine and interpret the spatial distribution of sedimentary humic substances in Lake Dalinouer. Humic substances in sediments were analyzed separately in different fractions: humins (HM), humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and different forms of organic carbon. The results showed that total organic carbon (TOC) contents varied from 7.25 to 65.54 g kg−1 with a mean of 36.37 ± 17.74 g kg−1. It was found that high TOC concentrations were at lake’s center and low TOC concentrations occurred at the estuary of inflows. Different redox conditions caused by water depth were of the most important factors which might influence TOC contents. Concentrations of HM, HA, and FA in sediments were detected in range of 6.40–58.16 g kg−1, 0.27–3.50 g kg−1, and 0.27–4.26 g kg−1, respectively. Of them, HM was the dominant form and accounted for 74–94% of TOC and 80–90% of humus. Organic Sediment Index (OSI) was used to assess the organics accumulation, and the value of OSI ranged from 0.001 to 0.30, which indicated that Lake Dalinouer was relatively clean. The relative high degree of humidification was found in the eastern of lake, where it should be taken into consideration seriously.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of organic carbon and humic substances in irrigated soils under different management systems in a semi-arid zone in Ceará, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Antônia Arleudina Barros de Melo ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Marcos Bacis Ceddia ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Ismail Soares
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Data Interpolation ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Spatial distribution of organic carbon and humic substances in irrigated soils under different management systems in a semi-arid zone in Ceará, Brazil Knowledge of the spatial variability in soil properties can contribute to effective use and management. This study was conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution of the levels of total organic carbon (TOC) and humic substances (humic acid (C-FAH), fulvic acid fraction (C-FAF), and humin fraction (C-HUM)) in an Ultisol under different land uses, located in the irrigated perimeter of Baixo Acaraú-CE, transition to semiarid Ceará. The distribution and spatial dependence of the humic fractions were evaluated using descriptive statistics, including semivariogram analysis and data interpolation (kriging). The TOC showed a pure nugget effect, whereas the other fractions showed moderate spatial dependence. Forested and banana cultivation areas showed similar distributions of C-FAH and C-FAF, due to the high input of organic matter (leaves and pseudostems) in the area of banana cultivation and the absence of soil disturbance in the forested area. Data interpolation (kriging) and mapping were useful tools to assess the distribution and spatial dependence of soil attributes.

A microanalysis method for determining total organic carbon in extracts of humic substances. Relationships between total organic carbon and oxidable carbon

1996 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sánchez-Monedero ◽  
A. Roig ◽  
C. Martínez-Pardo ◽  
J. Cegarra ◽  
C. Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances

scholarly journals Median Polish Kriging and Sequential Gaussian Simulation for the Spatial Analysis of Source Rock Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Emmanouil A. Varouchakis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Sequential Gaussian Simulation ◽  
Kriging Method ◽  
Geostatistical Model ◽  
Median Polish ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Gaussian Simulation

In this technical note, a geostatistical model was applied to explore the spatial distribution of source rock data in terms of total organic carbon weight concentration. The median polish kriging method was used to approximate the “row and column effect” in the generated array data, in order for the ordinary kriging methodology to be applied by means of the residuals. Moreover, the sequential Gaussian simulation was employed to quantify the uncertainty of the estimates. The modified Box–Cox technique was applied to normalize the residuals and a cross-validation analysis was performed to evaluate the efficiency of the method. A map of the spatial distribution of total organic carbon weight concentration was constructed along with the 5% and 95% confidence intervals. This work encourages the use of the median polish kriging method for similar applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Microbial Inoculation on Carbon Preservation during Goat Manure Aerobic Composting

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4441
Author(s):  
Jiawei Lu ◽  
Jingang Wang ◽  
Qin Gao ◽  
Dongxu Li ◽  
Zili Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Aerobic Composting ◽  
Microbial Inoculation ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Microbial Agents ◽  
Humic Acid Carbon

Carbon is the crucial source of energy during aerobic composting. There are few studies that explore carbon preservation by inoculation with microbial agents during goat manure composting. Hence, this study inoculated three proportions of microbial agents to investigate the preservation of carbon during goat manure composting. The microbial inoculums were composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, and yeast, and the proportions were B1 treatment (1:1:1:1:2), B2 treatment (2:2:1:1:2), and B3 treatment (3:3:1:1:2). The results showed that the contents of total organic carbon were enriched by 12.21%, 4.87%, and 1.90% in B1 treatment, B2 treatment, and B3 treatment, respectively. The total organic carbon contents of B1 treatment, B2 treatment, and B3 treatment were 402.00 ± 2.65, 366.33 ± 1.53, and 378.33 ± 2.08 g/kg, respectively. B1 treatment significantly increased the content of total organic carbon compared with the other two treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ratio of 1:1:1:1:2 significantly reduced the moisture content, pH value, EC value, hemicellulose, and lignin contents (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the GI value and the content of humic acid carbon (p < 0.05). Consequently, the preservation of carbon might be a result not only of the enrichment of the humic acid carbon and the decomposition of hemicellulose and lignin, but also the increased OTU amount and Lactobacillus abundance. This result provided a ratio of microbial agents to preserve the carbon during goat manure aerobic composting.

scholarly journals Humic substances of differently matured composts produced from municipal solid wastes and biomass of energetic plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kałuża-Haładyn ◽  
Elżbieta Jamroz ◽  
Jakub Bekier
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Compost Maturity ◽  
Maturity Parameters

Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the transformation of humic substances during composting of biomass of energetic plants and municipal solid waste. The type of the organic material to be composted and the type of technology used affect the course of the humic substances transformation and formation of compost maturity parameters. Compost produced from the mixture of energetic willow and hay biomass contained humic substances with higher share of low-molecular fractions and lower share of humic acids in total organic carbon than those produced from municipal solid wastes. Obtained results also showed that insoluble alkali fraction plays an important role in humification process by its convertion to a new humic substances. Share of humic and fulvic fractions in relation to the total organic carbon appears to be reliable indicator of composting as a process of enhancing organic matter humification.

Ozonation by-Products of Humic Acid in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Hyun Sang Shin ◽  
Dong Seok Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sample Solution ◽  
Injection Time ◽  
Total Organic Carbon Removal ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
By Products

Ozonation of humic acid has been conducted in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as catalyst. Besides the study of total organic carbon removal in the ozonation, ozonation by-products were investigated through the change of injected concentration of H2O2, initial pH of aqueous humic acid and injection time of H2O2. The variation of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde contents in the processes are mainly evaluated. The formaldehyde was formed less in ozonation with hydrogen peroxide system than without it. When initial pH in solution was changed from 3.5 to 10.5, the formaldehyde was formed with the highest concentration at pH 5. In addition, the concentration of H2O2 produced by ozonation was found to be increased with decreasing pH of the sample solution in this process.

Microbial Activity in Sanitary Landfills–A Possible Source of the Humic Substances in Groundwater?

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Filip ◽  
R. Smed-Hildmann
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Municipal Refuse ◽  
Indigenous Microflora

Humic substances account for the main part of the dissolved organic carbon in groundwater. Since groundwater aquifers located near to sanitary landfills usually contain higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, we made experiments in the laboratory to determine whether humic substances can be formed from simple non-humified organic substances by a complex micro-flora of municipal refuse. In liquid cultures incubated for two months humic substances were produced, especially when casein or starch was added. The highest amounts of humic acid-like substances were yielded from cultures inoculated with the indigenous microflora from a rotted (aerobic) landfill. Minor yields were obtained when the inoculum originated from a compacted (anaerobic) landfill or from a five years old landfill containing refuse and sewage sludge. Spectral characteristics indicated some similarities but also differences in the UV and visible regions between the newly formed humic acids and a humic acid from groundwater.

Effect of total organic carbon and aquatic humic substances on the occurrence of lead at the tap

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Winning ◽  
Beata Gorczyca ◽  
Kenneth Brezinski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Aquatic Humic Substances ◽  
Lead Release ◽  
The City

Homes with lead service lines (LSLs) in the City of Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, were found to exceed the provincial standard of 10 μg/L for lead in drinking water. Solids identified by X-ray diffraction of LSL scale were Pb5O8 and PbO2, indicating that lead(II) solids in the LSL scale have been oxidized to lead(IV) solids by free chlorine residuals. Natural organic matter (NOM) can reduce PbO2 within a few hours, and Brandon treated water has high levels of NOM at approximately 5–7.6 mg/L as total organic carbon (TOC). As water stagnates in the LSL during periods of no water use the free chlorine residual is depleted, permitting PbO2 to oxidize NOM and be reduced to more soluble lead(II) species, resulting in an increase in dissolved lead concentrations. Although it is generally believed that aquatic humic substances (AHS) are primarily responsible for the reductant capacity of NOM, removal of AHS from the treated water resulted in a 6% decrease in lead release from PbO2, while removal of 50% of total NOM resulted in a 75% decrease in lead release. AHS and TOC were not found to play a significant role in the reduction of PbO2 in this water.

Effects of Three Different Microbial Agents on Biodegradation of Agriculture and Forestry Wastes

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2768-2773
Author(s):  
Shun Li Wang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Yue Qiu Liu ◽  
Cheng Da Gao ◽  
Ke Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Microbial Agents ◽  
Degradation Ability

The generations of agricultural and forestry wastes (AFWS) are increasing rapidly with developments of agriculture and forestry in China, and AFWS are commonly treated by composting. The objective of this work was to explore the effect of different microbial agents on biodegradation of AFWS. Three microbial agents in the research werePhanerochaete chrysosporium(PC) ,Coriolus versicolor(CV) and GP (agent developed from laboratory with high lignocellulose degradation ability). All the composts inoculated the different microbial agents matured in 58 days. Compared with CK(without exogenous micro agent), composts with micro agents inoculated increased the duration of high-temperature fermentation period, reduced the maturity time, and increased lignocellulose degradation rate. PC and GP inoculated to AFWS produced the higher quality compost with respect to C/N ratio, GI, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and humic acid content.

scholarly journals Distribuição Espacial da Condutividade Elétrica e Matéria Orgânica em um Solo Neossolo Flúvico (Spatial Distribution of Electrical Conductivity and Organic Matter in a Soil Fluvic Neosol)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucicléia Soares da Silva ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ◽  
Ênio Farias de França e Silva ◽  
Carolyne Wanessa Lins de Andrade ◽  
José Roberto Lopes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Cultivar Selection

A agricultura de precisão permite, pelo uso de delimitação de lavouras por coordenadas georreferenciadas, um planejamento mais racional do manejo de nutrientes, incidência de pragas, umidade do solo, plantas daninhas, além de seleção de cultivares em função de sua adaptabilidade às diferentes condições identificadas nas áreas cultivadas. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição espacial da condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação, carbono orgânico total e matéria orgânica em um solo Neossolo Flúvico. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área com malha regular 4 x 4 m, totalizando com 49 pontos, onde foram coletadas amostras nas camadas de 0- 0,20 m para analisar a condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação, carbono orgânico total e matéria orgânica. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio da estatística descritiva e de ferramentas de geoestatística. As variáveis apresentaram distribuição normal, os semivariogramas se ajustaram a um modelo esférico, a variabilidade do carbono orgânico total e matéria orgânica apresentaram moderadas, a condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação apresentou fraca dependência espacial. Os mapas de isolinhas apresentaram homogeneidade e similaridade, os mapas condutividade elétrica do extrato de 0-0,20 m foram inversamente proporcionais aos da matéria orgânica e do carbono orgânico. A B S T R A C T Precision agriculture allows, by the use of delimitation of crops for georeferenced coordinates, more rational planning of the management of nutrients, pests, soil moisture, weeds, and cultivar selection due to its adaptability to different conditions in the areas identified cultured. With it, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, total organic carbon and organic matter in soil Fluvic Neosol. The experiment was conducted in an area with regular mesh 4 x 4 m, with a total of 49 points, samples were collected in layers from 0 to 0.20 m to analyze the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, total organic carbon and organic matter. The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools. The variables were normally distributed, the semivariogram adjusted to a spherical model, the variability of total organic caborn and organic matter showed a moderate electrical conductivity of the saturation extract showed weak spatial dependence. The contour maps showed homogeneity and similarity maps the electrical conductivity of the extract of 0-0.20 m was inversely proportional to the organic matter and organic carbon. Key-Words: Geostatistics, salinity, total organic carbon, organic matter

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