scholarly journals Exosomes: Novel Biomarkers for Clinical Diagnosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lin ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Exosomes are 30–120 nm endocytic membrane-derived vesicles that participate in cell-to-cell communication and protein and RNA delivery. Exosomes harbor a variety of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids and are present in many and perhaps all bodily fluids. A significant body of literature has demonstrated that molecular constituents of exosomes, especially exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), hold great promise as novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. In this minireview, we summarize recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their potential application in clinical diagnostics. We also provide a brief overview of the formation, function, and isolation of exosomes.

scholarly journals Exosomes: a new perspective in EGFR-mutated lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Jouida ◽  
Cormac McCarthy ◽  
Aurelie Fabre ◽  
Michael P. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Functional Effect ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Egfr Mutated

AbstractExosomes are major contributors in cell to cell communication due to their ability to transfer biological material such as protein, RNA, DNA, and miRNA. Additionally, they play a role in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, and recently, they have emerged as a potential source of information on tumor detection and may be useful as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools. This review focuses on exosomes from lung cancer with a focus on EGFR mutations. Here, we outline the role of exosomes and their functional effect in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exosomes as novel biomarkers in early detection, diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.

scholarly journals Applications, challenges, and needs for employing synthetic biology beyond the lab

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierra M. Brooks ◽  
Hal S. Alper
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Autonomous Function ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Probiotic Delivery

AbstractSynthetic biology holds great promise for addressing global needs. However, most current developments are not immediately translatable to ‘outside-the-lab’ scenarios that differ from controlled laboratory settings. Challenges include enabling long-term storage stability as well as operating in resource-limited and off-the-grid scenarios using autonomous function. Here we analyze recent advances in developing synthetic biological platforms for outside-the-lab scenarios with a focus on three major application spaces: bioproduction, biosensing, and closed-loop therapeutic and probiotic delivery. Across the Perspective, we highlight recent advances, areas for further development, possibilities for future applications, and the needs for innovation at the interface of other disciplines.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Photocatalytic Application in Water Treatment: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Guangmin Ren ◽  
Hongtao Han ◽  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
Sitong Liu ◽  
Jianyong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Photocatalytic Application ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Performance Challenges

Photocatalysis holds great promise as an efficient and sustainable oxidation technology for application in wastewater treatment. Rapid progress developing novel materials has propelled photocatalysis to the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatments. This review presents the latest progress on applications of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Our focus is on strategies for improving performance. Challenges and outlooks in this promising field are also discussed. We hope this review will help researchers design low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts for water treatment.

Recent advances in the analysis of fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Bo Yin Tsui ◽  
Yuk Ming Dennis Lo
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Exosomal Heat Shock Proteins as New Players in Tumour Cell-to-Cell Communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Campanella ◽  
Celeste Caruso Bavisotto ◽  
Antonella Marino Gammazza ◽  
Dragana Nikolic ◽  
Francesca Rappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Shock Proteins

Exosomes have recently been proposed as novel elements in the study of intercellular communication in normal and pathological conditions. The biomolecular composition of exosomes reflects the specialized functions of the original cells. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of chaperone proteins with diverse biological roles. In recent years, many studies have focused on the extracellular roles played by Hsps that appear to be involved in cancer development and immune system stimulation. Hsps localized on the surface of exosomes, secreted by normal and tumour cells, could be key players in intercellular cross-talk, particularly during the course of different diseases, such as cancer. Exosomal Hsps offer significant opportunities for clinical applications, including their use as potential novel biomarkers for the diagnoses or prognoses of different diseases, or for therapeutic applications and drug delivery.

Research in Benzimidazole Compounds as Antibacterial Agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1219-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Ping Meng ◽  
Cheng Bo Hu ◽  
Fei Yue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Scientific Area ◽  
Recent Advances

Benzimidazole compounds are known to possess varied biological activities and so far various types of benzimidazole drugs have extensively been used in clinic. Benzimidazole compounds as a antibacterial agents has been a quite rapidly developing and is gradually becoming a relatively independent scientific area. In this paper we presented the recent advances of benzimidazole compounds as antibacterial agents. The perspective of the foreseeable future and potential application of benzimidazole as antibacterial agents are also presented.

scholarly journals Platelet Extracellular Vesicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Puhm ◽  
Eric Boilard ◽  
Kellie R. Machlus
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Broad Array

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a means of cell-to-cell communication and can facilitate the exchange of a broad array of molecules between adjacent or distant cells. Platelets are anucleate cells derived from megakaryocytes and are primarily known for their role in maintaining hemostasis and vascular integrity. Upon activation by a variety of agonists, platelets readily generate EVs, which were initially identified as procoagulant particles. However, as both platelets and their EVs are abundant in blood, the role of platelet EVs in hemostasis may be redundant. Moreover, findings have challenged the significance of platelet-derived EVs in coagulation. Looking beyond hemostasis, platelet EV cargo is incredibly diverse and can include lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles involved in numerous other biological processes. Furthermore, while platelets cannot cross tissue barriers, their EVs can enter lymph, bone marrow, and synovial fluid. This allows for the transfer of platelet-derived content to cellular recipients and organs inaccessible to platelets. This review highlights the importance of platelet-derived EVs in physiological and pathological conditions beyond hemostasis.

scholarly journals Universal amplification-free molecular diagnostics by billion-fold hierarchical nanofluidic concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (33) ◽  
pp. 16240-16249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ouyang ◽  
Jongyoon Han
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Rapid and reliable detection of ultralow-abundance nucleic acids and proteins in complex biological media may greatly advance clinical diagnostics and biotechnology development. Currently, nucleic acid tests rely on enzymatic processes for target amplification (e.g., PCR), which have many inherent issues restricting their implementation in diagnostics. On the other hand, there exist no protein amplification techniques, greatly limiting the development of protein-based diagnosis. We report a universal biomolecule enrichment technique termed hierarchical nanofluidic molecular enrichment system (HOLMES) for amplification-free molecular diagnostics using massively paralleled and hierarchically cascaded nanofluidic concentrators. HOLMES achieves billion-fold enrichment of both nucleic acids and proteins within 30 min, which not only overcomes many inherent issues of nucleic acid amplification but also provides unprecedented enrichment performance for protein analysis. HOLMES features the ability to selectively enrich target biomolecules and simultaneously deplete nontargets directly in complex crude samples, thereby enormously enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of detection. We demonstrate the direct detection of attomolar nucleic acids in urine and serum within 35 min and HIV p24 protein in serum within 60 min. The performance of HOLMES is comparable to that of nucleic acid amplification tests and near million-fold improvement over standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for protein detection, being much simpler and faster in both applications. We additionally measured human cardiac troponin I protein in 9 human plasma samples, and showed excellent agreement with ELISA and detection below the limit of ELISA. HOLMES is in an unparalleled position to unleash the potential of protein-based diagnosis.

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