scholarly journals Antiviral Potential of Algae Polysaccharides Isolated from Marine Sources: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azin Ahmadi ◽  
Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi ◽  
Sazaly Abubakar ◽  
Keivan Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides

From food to fertilizer, algal derived products are largely employed in assorted industries, including agricultural, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Among different chemical compositions isolated from algae, polysaccharides are the most well-established compounds, which were subjected to a variety of studies due to extensive bioactivities. Over the past few decades, the promising results for antiviral potential of algae-derived polysaccharides have advocated them as inordinate candidates for pharmaceutical research. Numerous studies have isolated various algal polysaccharides possessing antiviral activities, including carrageenan, alginate, fucan, laminaran, and naviculan. In addition, different mechanisms of action have been reported for these polysaccharides, such as inhibiting the binding or internalization of virus into the host cells or suppressing DNA replication and protein synthesis. This review strives for compiling previous antiviral studies of algae-derived polysaccharides and their mechanism of action towards their development as natural antiviral agents for future investigations.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Tetrazole Derivatives as Potential Antiviral Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2599-2607
Author(s):  
Ruchika Yogesh ◽  
Noopur Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Amide ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiviral Compounds ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives

Viruses use the host cell’s biochemical machinery for replication and survival; and also undergo mutations to evade the immune response and achieve better transmission. These features make it challenging to develop selective drugs to kill viruses only and not the host cells. New and effective pharmaceutical agents are required to overcome this challenge. Tetrazole moiety, as a bio-isostere of carboxylic acid/amide group, has been extensively used as a potent pharmacophore in several bioactivities. Intrigued by the necessity of finding new antiviral compounds and tendency of tetrazole scaffolds to render various bioactivity profiles, this review article comprising literature reports of tetrazole-based synthetic compounds with promising antiviral activity is presented. This review comprises significant literature reports from the scientific databases published during the past four decades. It is found that tetrazole based molecules are promising endeavor for the development of potential agents against influenza virus, HIV, HCV and other viruses.

scholarly journals Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hensel ◽  
Rudolf Bauer ◽  
Michael Heinrich ◽  
Verena Spiegler ◽  
Oliver Kayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Early Interaction

AbstractAs viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the hostʼs inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting natureʼs reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world!

Current Peptide HIV Type-1 Fusion Inhibitors

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Pang ◽  
Siu-Cheung Tam ◽  
Yong-Tang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Hiv 1

There are now 26 antiretroviral drugs and 6 fixed-dose combinations, including reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors and fusion (or entry) inhibitors, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use. Although they are clinically effective when used in combination, none of the existing drugs are considered ideal because of toxic side effects and the ascendance of inducing drug-resistant mutants. Development of new antiviral agents is essential. In the past decades, there has been great progress in understanding the structure of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) gp41 and the mechanism of HIV-1 entry into host cells. This opened up a promising avenue for rationally designed agents to interfere with this process. A number of fusion inhibitors have been developed to block HIV-1 replication. Enfuvirtide (T20) was one of those approved for clinical use. This signalled a new era in AIDS therapeutics. It is a synthetic polypeptide with potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 infection. However, it is sensitive to proteolytic digestion and resistant virus strains are easily induced with multiple clinical use. One of the directions in designing new fusion inhibitors is to overcome these shortages. In the past years, large numbers of promising fusion inhibitory peptides have emerged. The antiviral activities are more potent or they can act differently from that of T20. Some of these new compounds have great potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents. This article reviewed some recent developments of these peptides and the possible role in anti-HIV-1 therapy.

scholarly journals The New Face of Berries: A Review of Their Antiviral Proprieties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Charlie Bernier ◽  
Coralie Goetz ◽  
Eric Jubinville ◽  
Julie Jean
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Health Promoting

Due to rising consumer preference for natural remedies, the search for natural antiviral agents has accelerated considerably in recent years. Among the natural sources of compounds with potential antiviral proprieties, berries are interesting candidates, due to their association with health-promoting properties, including antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The past two decades have witnessed a flurry of new findings. Studies suggest promising antiviral proprieties against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, particularly of cranberries, blueberries, blackcurrants, black raspberries, and pomegranates. The aim of this review is to assemble these findings, to list the implied mechanisms of action, and thereby point out promising subjects for research in this field, in the hope that compounds obtainable from natural sources such as berries may be used someday to treat, or even prevent, viral infections.

Analytical Electron Microscopy of Ion-Implanted Metals

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
D.I. Potter ◽  
M. Ahmed ◽  
K. Ruffing
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Property Changes

Ion implantation, used extensively for the past decade in fabricating semiconductor devices, now provides a unique means for altering the near-surface chemical compositions and microstructures of metals. These alterations often significantly improve physical properties that depend on the surface of the material; for example, catalysis, corrosion, oxidation, hardness, friction and wear. Frequently the mechanisms causing these beneficial alterations and property changes remain obscure and much of the current research in the area of ion implantation metallurgy is aimed at identifying such mechanisms. Investigators thus confront two immediate questions: To what extent is the chemical composition changed by implantation? What is the resulting microstructure? These two questions can be investigated very fruitfully with analytical electron microscopy (AEM), as described below.

Current Studies of Aspirin as an Anticancer Agent and Strategies to Strengthen its Therapeutic Application in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Beom-Jin Lee ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

: Aspirin has emerged as a promising intervention in cancer in the past decade. However, there are existing controversies regarding the anticancer properties of aspirin as its mechanism of action has not been clearly defined. In addition, the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract from aspirin is another consideration that requires medical and pharmaceutical scientists to work together to develop more potent and safe aspirin therapy in cancer. This review presents the most recent studies of aspirin with regard to its role in cancer prevention and treatment demonstrated by highlighted clinical trials, mechanisms of action as well as approaches to develop aspirin therapy best beneficial to cancer patients. Hence, this review provides readers with an overview of aspirin research in cancer that covers not only the unique features of aspirin, which differentiates aspirin from other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but also strategies that can be used in the development of drug delivery systems carrying aspirin for cancer management. These studies convey optimistic messages on continuing efforts of scientist on the way of developing an effective therapy for even patients with a low response to current cancer treatments.

Carbohydrate-Binding Agents: Potential of Repurposing for COVID-19 Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Girish R. Apte ◽  
Kiran Bharat Lokhande ◽  
Satyendra Mishra ◽  
Jayanta K. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Novel Drug

: With the emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the whole world is suffering from atypical pneumonia, which resulted in more than 559,047 deaths worldwide. In this time of crisis and urgency, the only hope comes from new candidate vaccines and potential antivirals. However, formulating new vaccines and synthesizing new antivirals are a laborious task. Therefore, considering the high infection rate and mortality due to COVID-19, utilization of previous information, and repurposing of existing drugs against valid viral targets have emerged as a novel drug discovery approach in this challenging time. The transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses (CoVs), which facilitates the virus’s entry into the host cells, exists in a homotrimeric form and is covered with N-linked glycans. S glycoprotein is known as the main target of antibodies having neutralizing potency and is also considered as an attractive target for therapeutic or vaccine development. Similarly, targeting of N-linked glycans of S glycoprotein envelope of CoV via carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) could serve as an attractive therapeutic approach for developing novel antivirals. CBAs from natural sources like lectins from plants, marine algae and prokaryotes and lectin mimics like Pradimicin-A (PRM-A) have shown antiviral activities against CoV and other enveloped viruses. However, the potential use of CBAs specifically lectins was limited due to unfavorable responses like immunogenicity, mitogenicity, hemagglutination, inflammatory activity, cellular toxicity, etc. Here, we reviewed the current scenario of CBAs as antivirals against CoVs, presented strategies to improve the efficacy of CBAs against CoVs; and studied the molecular interactions between CBAs (lectins and PRM-A) with Man9 by molecular docking for potential repurposing against CoVs in general, and SARSCoV- 2, in particular.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Two Herbs of Baijiangcao: Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev. and Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Yangcheng Liu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Changlan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Patrinia Scabiosaefolia ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. Trev. and Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss, are two species of Patrinia recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia with the same Chinese name “Baijiangcao” and similar therapeutic effect in traditional Chinese medicine. The present article is the first comprehensive review on the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of these herbs. In this review, data on chemical constituents and pharmacological profile of the two herbs are provided. This review discusses all the classes of the 223 compounds (phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins and volatile components, etc.) detected in the two herbs providing information on the current state of knowledge of the phytochemicals present in them. In the past three years, our research group has isolated and identified about more than 100 ingredients from the two herbs. Therefore, we published a systematic review of our research papers and studies on the two herbs were carried out using resources such as classic books about Chinese herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, SciFinder, CNKI. etc. The present review discusses the most thoroughly studied pharmacological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitumor and antiviral activities) of the two herbs. This comprehensive review will be informative for scientists searching for new properties of these herbs and will be important and significant for the discovery of bioactive compounds from the two herbs and in complete utilization of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev. and Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss.

scholarly journals Nexus between COVID-19 and periodontal disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052110026
Author(s):  
Kanchana Sukumar ◽  
Anupama Tadepalli
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Multifactorial Disease ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Bacterial Stimulation ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Disease Understanding ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Over the past several decades, studies have demonstrated the existence of bi-directional relationships between periodontal disease and systemic conditions. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial and multifactorial disease involving both host and environmental factors. Tissue destruction is primarily associated with hyperresponsiveness of the host resulting in release of inflammatory mediators. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a major role in bacterial stimulation and tissue destruction. In addition, these cytokines are thought to underlie the associations between periodontitis and systemic conditions. Current research suggests that increased release of cytokines from host cells, referred to as the cytokine storm, is associated with disease progression in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An intersection between periodontitis and pulmonary disease is biologically plausible. Hence, we reviewed the evidence linking COVID-19, cytokines, and periodontal disease. Plaque control is essential to prevent exchange of bacteria between the mouth and the lungs, reducing the risk of lung disease. Understanding these associations may help identify individuals at high risk and deliver appropriate care at early stages.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Herbs to Combat Viral Pathogens Including SARS-CoV-2

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775
Author(s):  
Arumugam Vijaya Anand ◽  
Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan ◽  
Mohandass Kaviya ◽  
Kathirvel Bharathi ◽  
Aluru Parithathvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Direct Inhibition ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Important Health Issue

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most important health issue, internationally. With no specific and effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19, new or repurposed antiviral are urgently needed. Phytochemicals pose a ray of hope for human health during this pandemic, and a great deal of research is concentrated on it. Phytochemicals have been used as antiviral agents against several viruses since they could inhibit several viruses via different mechanisms of direct inhibition either at the viral entry point or the replication stages and via immunomodulation potentials. Recent evidence also suggests that some plants and its components have shown promising antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes certain phytochemical agents along with their mode of actions and potential antiviral activities against important viral pathogens. A special focus has been given on medicinal plants and their extracts as well as herbs which have shown promising results to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be useful in treating patients with COVID-19 as alternatives for treatment under phytotherapy approaches during this devastating pandemic situation.

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