scholarly journals Mass Psychogenic Illness: Demography and Symptom Profile of an Episode

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Krishna Tarafder ◽  
Mohammad Ashik Imran Khan ◽  
Md. Tanvir Islam ◽  
Sheikh Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Md. Humayun Kabir Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
Psychogenic Illness ◽  
Body Ache

Background. Mass psychogenic illness has been a recurrent phenomenon in Bangladesh over recent times.Objectives. This study was aimed at investigating the demographic characteristics and symptom profile of an outbreak of mass psychogenic illness occurring in a girls’ high school.Methods and Materials. In 14 April 2013, a total of 93 students of a girls’ high school suddenly developed various symptoms following intake of tiffin cake which resulted in panic and hospital admission. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational survey was done to define various characteristics of the outbreak.Results. No organic explanation for the reported illnesses was found. 93 female students were included who were hospitalized during the incident. Trigger factor was found in 98% of students. Most of the students were 13 years old. Average interval between exposure to the trigger and onset of symptoms was 151.5 minutes. Commonest symptoms were abdominal pain (83%), headache (73%), chest pain (69%), body ache (63%), nausea (69%), and generalized weakness and fatigue (61%). Hospital stay following the incident was about 12 hours on average.Conclusion. To avoid unnecessary panic in the community a prompt, coordinated response is important in resolving widespread community anxiety surrounding these episodes.

Changing Attitudes Toward Women: A Longitudinal Study of College Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Etaugh ◽  
Deborah Bohn Spandikow
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Shift Hypothesis ◽  
Over Time

Cross sectional data indicate that college students show more liberal attitudes toward women with increasing years of college attendance. This shift may reflect intraindividual change or simply differential dropout of more traditionally oriented students. To study this problem longitudinally, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale was administered to 430 university students who had completed the same questionnaire 2 years earlier. Attitudes toward women generally became more liberal over time for both male and female students, supporting the intraindividual shift hypothesis. For both sexes, attitudes involving women's educational-vocational rights became more liberal than those involving women's marital and maternal responsibilities. Socio-demographic characteristics of subjects who became more traditional were compared with those of subjects who became more liberal.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI DENGAN PENCEGAHAN KEPUTIHAN DI SMAN 2 TONDANO

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Deviana Pratiwi Munthe
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teenage Girls

Abstrak Keputihan sering kali dianggap suatu hal yang biasa sehingga sering diabaikan pentingnya pencegahan dan penanganan yang benar dan tepat. Jika remaja putri dapat mengenali gejala keputihan dan penanganannya maka remaja putri dapat beraktivitas dengan nyaman, aman, dan sehat, sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas belajar. Sebaliknya jika mengabaikan pencegahan dan penanganan keputihan maka akan aktivitas belajar remaja putri akan terganggu sehingga tidak bisa menerima pembelajran dengan baik bahkan harus absen dari sekolah. Jika keputihan tidak segera diatasi akan dapat menimbulkan risiko bahaya yang fatal bagi kesehatan. Aktivitas yang menjadi acuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan dan sikap siswa putri di SMAN  2 Tondano dengan pencegahan keputihan. Pada observasi atau pengamatan awal yang dilakukan, didapati bahwa siswa putri SMAN 2 Tondano pernah mengalami keputihan. Keputihan yang dialami siswa putri SMAN 2 Tondano didapati ada yang terjadi tidak hanya sekali dan terjadi dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Kondisi seperti ini dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya risiko penyakit reproduksi. Penelitian in menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu total sampling berjumlah 39 responden. Hasil analisa dan pengujian data yang sudah dilakukan di SMAN 2 Tondano, maka  terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan siswa putri SMAN 2 Tondano dengan pencegahan keputihan dengan nilai p = 0.042 dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap siswa putri SMAN 2 Tondano di dengan pencegahan keputihan dengan nilai p = 0.022. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Penanganan, Keputihan, Remaja Putri   Abstract Vaginal discharge is often considered a common thing so that is often overlooked the importance of prevention correct and appropriate treatment. Teenage girls can recognize the symptoms of vaginal discharge and their treatment, they can move in a comfortable, safe, and healthy way so that they can increase their learning productivity. On the other hand, if they ignore the prevention and treatment of vaginal discharge, the learning activities of a teenage girl will be disrupted so that they cannot receive learning properly and even have to be absent from school. If vaginal discharge is not immediately addressed, it can pose a risk of fatal danger to health. The activity that is used as a reference in this study is the knowledge and attitudes of female students at Senior High School Public 2 Tondano, with the prevention of vaginal discharge. In the initial observations, it was found that the female students of Senior High School Public 2 Tondano had experienced vaginal discharge. The discharge experienced by female students of Senior High School Public 2 Tondano was found to occur not only once and for a long time. Conditions like this can lead to the risk of reproductive disease. This research uses a descriptive-analytic correlation method with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used is a total sampling of 39 respondents. The results of data analysis and testing that have been carried out at Senior High School Public 2 Tondano, there is a significant relationship between the knowledge of female students of Senior High School Public 2 Tondano and prevention of vaginal discharge with p = 0.042 and there is a significant relationship between the attitudes of female students of Senior High School Public 2 Tondano in the prevention of vaginal discharge with p-value = 0.022. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Handling, Vaginal, Young Women

scholarly journals Comparison of blood pressure of senior high school students in the inner and outer city of Medan

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Johannes H. Saing ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Rafita Ramayati ◽  
Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescentsdepends on multiple factors, both genetic and environmental suchas gender, age, body weight and height, obesity, life style,socioeconomic status, etc. Surveillance of families in Medan(2000) reported that the socioeconomic status in the outer citywas lower than in the inner city; other factors that influence BPof adolescents may also be different.Objective To compare the prevalence of hypertension betweensenior high school students in the inner and outer city of Medan.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 250 studentsselected randomly from four senior high schools in Medan, each2 schools from inner and outer city. This study was done betweenJune and August 2003. BP measurement was done in the morningat 08.00 – 12.00 o’clock before the subjects got exercises. BPmeasurements were done three times according to Task Force onBlood Pressure 1996 recommendation. The average of systolicand diastolic was considered as BP of the subjects.Results Systolic and diastolic BPs of the female students in theouter city (115.3/80.0 mmHg) were higher than those of thefemale students in the inner city (111.2/71.8 mmHg) and thedifference was statistically significant (P=0.008 and P=0.014),but not for the male students. The prevalence of hypertension inthe inner and outer city of Medan was 6.0% and 8.4%, respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in the outer city wasabit higher than that in the inner city. The averages of systolicand diastolic BPs of female students in the outer city were higherthan those of the female students in the inner city of Medan.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG DISMINORE DI SMA OKU TIMUR TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Astari Martina Astari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Female Students ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Dysmenorrhea, or menstrual pain is a common complaint experienced by women in the lower abdomen. Some teenage girls are often felt in the lower back, hips, pelvis, thigh muscle on, until the calf. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a period in which the individual develops from the first time showed signs of secondary sexual until when it reaches sexual maturity. This study was descriptive survey with cross sectional approach where the independent variable (Knowledge on definitions, etiology, frequency, symptoms, risk factors, pathophysiology, treatment disminore) and the dependent variable was collected in the same time, Knowledgeable picture of the knowledge of young women about disminore in high school East OKU year 2016. the population in this study, that all high school female students of class XII East OKU samples taken in 2016 were all female students of class XII OKU East High School in 2016. Results of univariate analysis showed respondents know understanding disminore good category 104 people (64.60%), while the less category as many as 57 people (35.40%), respondents of the etiology disminore with less category as many as 126 people (78.26%), whereas in both categories as many as 35 people (21.74 %), respondents of both categories Classification disminore with as many as 82 people (50.94%), while the less category as many as 79 people (49.06%), respondents about disminore symptoms with both categories as many as 94 people (53.38%) , whereas with less category as many as 67 people (41.61%), respondents about the risk factors for both categories disminore with as many as 101 people (62.73%), while the category of less than 60 people (37.26%), respondents' knowledge about pathophysiology disminore with both categories as many as 81 people (50.31%), while the category of less than 80 people (49.69%), respondents of the Management disminore with less category as many as 100 people (62.11%), while the good category as many as 61 people (37.89%). From the research, the researchers suggest counseling efforts with the approach according to the students, so as to provide optimum service.     ABSTRAK   Disminore atau nyeri haid adalah keluhan yang sering dialami wanita pada bagian perut bawah.Beberapa perempuan remaja sering merasakannya pada punggung bagian bawah, pinggang, panggul, otot paha atas, hingga betis.Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), remaja adalah masa di mana individu berkembang dari saat pertama kali menunjukkan tanda-tanda seksual sekundernya sampai saat mencapai kematangan seksual. Desain penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dimana variabel independen (pengertahuan tentang definisi, etiologi, frekuensi, gejala, factor resiko, patofisiologi, penatalaksanaan disminore) maupun variabel dependen dikumpulkan dalam waktu yang sama, Diketahuinya gambaran pengetahuan remaja putri tentang disminore di SMA OKU Timur Tahun 2016. Populasi dalam penelitian ini, yakni semua murid perempuan kelas XII SMA OKU Timur tahun 2016.sampel yang diambil adalah semua murid perempuan kelas XII SMA OKU Timur tahun 2016. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan responden mengetahui pengertian disminore dengan kategori baik sebanyak 104 orang (64,60%), sedangkan dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 57 orang (35,40%), responden tentang etiologi disminore dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 126 orang (78,26%), sedangkan dengan kategori baik sebanyak 35 orang (21,74%), responden tentang Klasifikasi disminore dengan kategori baik sebanyak 82 orang (50,94%), sedangkan dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 79 orang (49,06%), responden tentang Gejala disminore dengan kategori baik sebanyak 94 orang (53,38%), sedangkan dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 67 orang (41,61%), responden tentang Faktor resiko disminore dengan kategori baik sebanyak 101 orang (62,73%), sedangkan dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 60 orang (37,26%), responden pengetahuan tentang Patofisiologi disminore dengan kategori baik sebanyak 81 orang (50,31%), sedangkan dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 80 orang (49,69%), responden tentang Penatalaksanaan disminore dengan kategori kurang sebanyak 100 orang (62,11%), sedangkan dengan kategori baik sebanyak 61 orang (37,89%). Dari hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankan upaya penyuluhan dengan pendekatan yang sesuai dengan siswa, sehingga dapat memberikan pelayanan yang optimal.    

scholarly journals Clinico-demographic Characteristics of Colorectal Carcinoma in Bangladeshi Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
AKM Maruf Raza ◽  
Mohammed Kamal ◽  
Ferdousy Begum ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Din Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altered Bowel Habit ◽  
Common Clinical Presentation

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinico-demographic Characteristics of colorectal carcinoma. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of November 2009 to July 2010.  Patients with colorectal carcinoma from all ages and both sexes were included in the study.  Detailed clinical information was obtained by taking history from patient's attendant’s statement. Fresh unfixed specimens were obtained after surgical resection. Result: A total of 50 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma from all ages and both sexes were included in the study. The mean age of the 50 cases was 47±14.8 years. Per rectal bleeding was the most common clinical presentation of colorectal carcinoma which was 20(40.0%) cases followed by abdominal pain, altered bowel habit, generalized weakness, anorexia and pallor and p/r bleeding and abdominal pain which were 8(16.0%) cases, 7(14.0%) cases, 6(12.0%) cases and 6(12.0%) cases respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion middle age male patients are the most vulnerable for colorectal carcinoma with common presenting features of per rectal bleeding, abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2016;3(1):22-25

scholarly journals Tingkat Pengetahuan Personal Hygiene Saat Menstruasi antara Siswi Pondok Pesantren dan SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Cirebon

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Millatul Malihah ◽  
Raden Ganang Ibnusantosa ◽  
Titik Respati ◽  
Hilmi Sulaiman Rathomi ◽  
Wawang S. Sukarya
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling

Sekolah berbasis agama dan boarding semakin banyak di Indonesia dan pengetahuan tentang personal hygiene terutama saat menstruasi penting untuk mencegah berbagai masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang dapat terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan tentang personal hygiene saat menstruasi antara siswi pesantren dan sekolah negeri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Banin Kabupaten Cirebon dan SMP Negeri 1 Talun Kabupaten Cirebon pada bulan Mei 2018. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswi dari sekolah terkait yang sudah mengalami menstruasi. Responden pada penelitian ini dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 95 orang dari tiap-tiap sekolah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan software Epi Info dengan uji Fisher-exact. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan baik didapatkan pada 96% siswa SMP Negeri, sementara pada siswi Pondok pesantren sebanyak 86%. Dari hasil uji statistik didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan siswi pondok pesantren dan siswi SMP Negeri (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna mengenai tingkat pengetahuan yang baik pada siswi SMP Negeri dibanding dengan siswi pesantren. Perlu promosi/edukasi kesehatan kepada siswi pesantren agar tingkat pengetahuan mereka tentang personal hygiene saat menstruasi dapat setara dengan siswi SMP Negeri. COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MENSTRUAL HYGIENE BETWEEN  FEMALE STUDENTS IN BOARDING SCHOOL AND REGULAR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN KABUPATEN CIREBONReligious and boarding schools are becoming increasingly common in Indonesia, and knowledge of personal hygiene especially during menstruation is important to prevent reproductive health problems that may occur. The purpose of this study was to know the difference on the level of knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation between students at private boarding school and government schools. This research is an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. The research had been conducted at Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Banin, Cirebon district and Junior High School 1 Talun, Cirebon District on May 2018. The population of this study were all female students from related schools who have had experienced of menarche. Respondents in this study were selected by purposive sampling technique 95 people from each school. Data analysis was done with Epi Info software and analyzed by Fisher-exact test. The results showed that good knowledge level was obtained in 86% of private boarding school students, while in government   school students was 96%. There was a significant difference on the level of good knowledge about personal hygiene during menstruation between government junior junior high school students compared to private boarding school students (p<0,05). It is needed to encourage  promotion of health education especially on the knowledge of personal hygiene during menstruation.

scholarly journals Hubungan Antara Status Gizi Dengan Siklus Menstruasi Pada Siswi MAN 1 Lamongan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Nurul Maulid Dya ◽  
Sri Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Cycles

Background: Puberty is a period that occurs in adolescence. Puberty in young women is characterized by the occurrence of menarche. Adolescent is an age group that is prone to menstrual disorders, one of which is an abnormal menstrual cycle. Abnormal menstrual cycles can be predictors of reproductive health problems. One of the factors that causes an abnormal menstrual cycle is nutritional status.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and menstrual cycles in female students of Islamic Senior High School Lamongan.Method: This cross-sectional designed study was conducted on the 10th and 11th-grade students of Islamic Senior High School 1, Lamongan. The determination of the sample was done by simple random sampling to choose 83 students. Data related to the menstrual cycle was obtained by interview using a questionnaire. Nutrition status data was obtained by measuring height, weight. Nutritional status was classified by using the BMI/U z-score table values for girls aged 5-18 years from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Data analyzed using the Spearman correlation test with α = 0.05.Results: The results showed that respondents with normal nutritional status (66.3%) mostly had normal menstrual cycles (62.7%). Respondents with obesity tend to experience abnormal menstrual cycles (71.4%). Based on the results of statistical tests, it was known that there was a relationship between nutritional status with the menstrual cycle (p = 0.036).Conclusions: There was a relationship between nutritional statuses with the female students’ menstrual cycle of Islamic Senior High School 1, Lamongan ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Salah satu fase dalam pekembangan manusia adalah masa remaja. Masa pubertas merupakan masa yang terjadi pada masa remaja. Pubertas pada remaja putri ditandai dengan terjadinya menarche. Remaja perempuan merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan mengalami gangguan menstruasi seperti siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal yaitu status gizi.Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi siswi MAN 1 Lamongan.Metode: Analitik observasional merupakan jenis dari penelitian ini dan cross sectional merupakan desain pada penelitian ini. Populasi pada penelitian ini merupakan siswi kelas X dan XI Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Lamongan (MAN 1 Lamongan). Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan simple random sampling dan didapatkan besar sampel adalah 83 siswi. Data terkait siklus menstruasi didapatkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Data status gizi didapatkan dengan melakukan pengukuran tinggi badan, berat badan. Status gizi diklasifikasikan dengan menggunakan nilai tabel z-score IMT/U untuk anak perempuan usia 5-18 tahun dari kemenkes RI. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi spearman dengan α = 0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan status gizi normal (66,3%) sebagian besar memiliki siklus menstruasi yang normal (62,7%). Responden dengan status gizi yang tidak normal cenderung mengalami siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi dengan nilai p = 0,036.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan siklus menstruasi siswi MAN 1 Lamongan.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Age at Menarche on Female Students of Junior High School

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rihul Husnul Juliyatmi ◽  
Lina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Of Menarche

<p>Menarche is the first menstrual period in the middle of puberty. There are many factors that affect the age of menarche include nutritional status, genetic, environmental conditions, socioeconomic status, and education. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between nutritional status and age of menarche on female student of junior high school Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The research employed a cross sectional research design. The number of this sample was 81 female students that determined by total sampling. The statistical test used was Chi Square. The results of this research showed that there was a relationship between nutritional status and the age of menarche on female student of junior high school Ali Maksum Krapyak, Bantul, Yogyakarta (p value = 0.002) and the ratio prevalence was 3.077 (95% CI = 1.675 – 5.650); it means that respondents who have abnormal nutritional status get 3.007 times greater chance of experiencing abnormal menarche than respondents who have normal nutritional status.</p>

scholarly journals Potential impact of co-payment at point of care to influence emergency department utilization

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Baum ◽  
Michael R. Simmons ◽  
Jose H. Guardiola ◽  
Cynthia Smith ◽  
Lynn Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Emergency Department Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Pain Patients

Background.Many proponents for healthcare reform suggest increased cost-sharing by patients as a method to reduce overall expenditures. Prior studies on the effects of co-payments for ED visits have generally not been directed toward understanding patient attitudes/behavior at point of care.Objectives.We conducted a survey at point of care to test our hypothesis that a significant number of patients with urgent chief complaints might have avoided the ED if asked to provide a co-payment.Methods.Cross-sectional study design. Stable, oriented, consenting patients at an inner-city, academic ED were consecutively enrolled at hours in which trained research associates were available to assist with data collection. Enrolled patients completed a written survey providing demographic/chief complaint information, and then were asked whether 13 interval amounts of co-payment ranging from 0 to >500 would have impacted their decision to visit the ED. Categorical data are presented as frequency of occurrence and analyzed by chi-square; continuous data presented as means ± standard deviation, analyzed byt-tests. ORs and 95% confidence intervals provided. Primary outcome parameter was the % of patients who would have avoided the ED if asked to pay any co-payment for several urgent chief complaints: chest pain, SOB, and abdominal pain.Results.A total of 581 patients were enrolled; 63.1% female, mean age 42.4 ± 15.1 years, 65% Hispanic, 71.2% income less than 20,000, 28.6% less than high school graduate, 81.3% had primary care physician, 57.6% had 2 or more ED visits/past year. Overall, 30.2% of patients chose 0 as the maximum they would have been willing to pay if it was required to be seen in the ED. 16/58 (28%; 95% CI [18–40%]) of chest pain patients, 9/43 (20.9%; 95% CI [11–35%]) of SOB patients, and 24/127 (26.8%; 95% CI [13–27%]) of abdominal pain patients would have been unwilling to pay a co-pay. Patients with income >20,000 were more willing to pay a co-payment (OR = 2.55; 95% CI [1.59–4.10]). No significant relationship was identified between willingness to pay for: gender, race, education, established primary care provider, and frequency of ED visits.Conclusion.Overall, 30.2% of our patients would not have accepted a co-pay in order to be seen, including more than 20% of the patients with chest pain, shortness of breath, and abdominal pain respectively.

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