Prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisamong Childbearing Age Women in India: A Systematic Review

Background. Infection withChlamydia trachomatis(CT) can lead to reproductive sequelae. Information on the general population of childbearing age women in India is sparse. We reviewed the literature on CT prevalence within the general population of reproductive aged women in order to improve the efforts of public health screening programs and interventions.Objective. To conduct a literature review to determine the prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisamong childbearing age women in India.Search Strategy. Ovid Medline and PubMed databases were searched for articles from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2014. Search terms included “Chlamydia trachomatis”, “CT”, “prevalence”, “India”, and “sexually transmitted infections”.Selection Criteria. Studies on prevalence data for CT among women of childbearing age (15–45) living in India were included.Data Collection and Analysis. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted by two readers and discrepancies solved through discussion.Results. Reported prevalence of active CT infection among lower risk groups ranged from 0.1% to 1.1% and in higher risk group from 2.7% to 28.5%.Conclusion.CT prevalence among women in India is comparable to other countries. Screening programs to prevent adverse outcomes among Indian women of childbearing age and their offspring are warranted.

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Outcomes of hepatitis C screening programs targeted at risk groups hidden in the general population: a systematic review

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-14-66 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Freke R Zuure ◽

Anouk T Urbanus ◽

Miranda W Langendam ◽

Charles W Helsper ◽

Charlotte HSB van den Berg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

General Population ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Screening Programs

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Seroprevalence of anti-Parvovirus B19 IgG in childbearing age women in Pleven region (Bulgaria)

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.492 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

T Petkova ◽

S Pachkova ◽

T z Doichinova ◽

S Aleksandrova-Yankulovska

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Parvovirus B19 ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Case Report Form ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Active Monitoring ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽

Childbearing Age Women

Abstract Background Parvovirus B19 is a widespread infection in childhood. Seroprevalence of anti-Parvovirus B19 increases with age and about 60% to 70% of women of childbearing age have serological evidence of past exposure to virus. Diaplacental Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women can lead to anaemia, non-immune hydrops fetalis and foetal death. The aim of the study is determining the susceptibility to Parvovirus B19 in childbearing age women. Methods We conducted a prospective seroepidemiological study in which 90 healthy women of childbearing age (19 to 40 years) were tested during the period September-October 2018 in Medical Center “Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine”- Pleven, Bulgaria. Participants were surveyed on a voluntary basis. The exclusion criteria were: presence of autoimmune disorder, immunosuppressive states, malignancy and populations at risk such as persons under 18 years of age and pregnant women. The presence of specific Parvovirus B19 IgG was detected using a standardized anti-Parvovirus B19 (IgG) ELISA kit. The demographic and anamnestic data were collected for each participant in Case Report Form. Results The average age of the women was 31.4 ± 4.9 years. Dominating were women with higher education (52.2%) living in urban areas (92.2%). The survey results showed that 37.8% of women were positive for anti-Parvovirus B19 IgG, 61.1% were negative and 1.1% equivocal. Immunty to the virus increased from 27.3% to 45% with age. There was no significant correlation between the presence of antibodies and the demographic factors (living area, education and number of family members). Conclusions The results of this study imply that 61.1% of the childbearing age women in Pleven region are susceptible to infection with Parvovirus B19. Because of the high susceptibility to Parvovirus B19, active monitoring of risk groups pregnant women for the prevention of fetal complications is recommended. Key messages There is no specific treatment or prophylaxis against Parvovirus B19 infection and epidemiological surveillance requires the introduction of effective preventive measures at the public health level. Active monitoring in childbearing age women is necessary to reduce the risk of fetal damage and the cost of healthcare associated with the infection.

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988 OUTCOMES OF HEPATITIS C SCREENING PROGRAMS TARGETED AT RISK GROUPS HIDDEN IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(13)60990-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. S406-S407

Author(s):

A. Urbanus ◽

F. Zuure ◽

M. Langendam ◽

C. Helsper ◽

C. van den Berg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

At Risk ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

General Population ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Screening Programs

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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Childbearing-Age Women With COVID-19 in Wuhan: Retrospective, Single-Center Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/19642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. e19642

Author(s):

Lijie Wei ◽

Xuan Gao ◽

Suhua Chen ◽

Wanjiang Zeng ◽

Jianli Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Influenza A ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Fetal Movement ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Elevated Concentration ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age Women

Background Since December 2019, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly in Wuhan and worldwide. However, previous studies on pregnant patients were limited. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant and nonpregnant women with COVID-19. Methods This study retrospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, imaging, management, and outcome data of 43 childbearing-age women patients (including 17 pregnant and 26 nonpregnant patients) who presented with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from January 19 to March 2, 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up to March 28, 2020. Results Of the 43 childbearing-age women in this study, none developed a severe adverse illness or died. The median ages of pregnant and nonpregnant women were 33.0 and 33.5 years, respectively. Pregnant women had a markedly higher proportion of history exposure to hospitals within 2 weeks before onset compared to nonpregnant women (9/17, 53% vs 5/26, 19%, P=.02) and a lower proportion of other family members affected (4/17, 24% vs 19/26, 73%, P=.004). Fever (8/17, 47% vs 18/26, 69%) and cough (9/17, 53% vs 12/26, 46%) were common onsets of symptoms for the two groups. Abdominal pain (n=4, 24%), vaginal bleeding (n=1, 6%), reduced fetal movement (n=1, 6%), and increased fetal movement (n=2, 13%) were observed at onset in the 17 pregnant patients. Higher neutrophil and lower lymphocyte percent were observed in the pregnant group compared to the nonpregnant group (79% vs 56%, P<.001; 15% vs 33%, P<.001, respectively). In both groups, we observed an elevated concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and D-dimer in the pregnant group were significantly higher than those of the nonpregnant group (119.0 vs 48.0 U/L, P<.001; 2.1 vs 0.3μg/mL, P<.001, respectively). Both pregnant (4/10, 40%) and nonpregnant (8/15, 53%) women tested positive for influenza A virus. A majority of pregnant and nonpregnant groups received antiviral (13/17, 76% vs 25/26, 96%) and antibiotic (13/17, 76% vs 23/26, 88%) therapy. Additionally, both pregnant (2/11, 18%) and nonpregnant (2/19, 11%) recovered women redetected positive for SARS-CoV-2 after discharge. Conclusions The epidemiology and clinical and laboratory features of pregnant women with COVID-19 were diverse and atypical, which increased the difficulty of diagnosis. Most pregnant women with COVID-19 were mild and moderate, and rarely developed severe pneumonia or severe adverse outcomes.

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Fetal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis

10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0180 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Edore C. Onigu-Otite

Keyword(s):

Genetic Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Fetal Exposure ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Pregnancy Smoking ◽

Psychiatric Problems ◽

Smoke Tobacco

Tobacco and cannabis are the most commonly used legal and illegal substances among pregnant women in the United States, respectively. About 12% to 25% of women smoke tobacco during pregnancy. Smoking tobacco during pregnancy and maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy is associated with a variety of adverse fetal outcomes. About 11% of women of childbearing age reported using cannabis in the preceding month. Fetal exposure to tobacco or cannabis is associated with dysregulation in development and may indicate a higher risk for neurodevelopmental and other psychiatric problems. As research has become more sophisticated, findings suggest that some of the associations between fetal exposure to cannabis and tobacco and adverse outcomes may be due to familial genetic risk factors. Separating environmental, familial, and genetic factors while disentangling their interactive effects on fetal and offspring development and neurobehavioral regulation remains a challenge in this field of study.

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Incidental appendiceal mass as the only manifestation of endometriosis

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-239090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e239090

Author(s):

Marita Yaghi ◽

Hussein Nassar ◽

Catherina Zadeh ◽

Walid Faraj

Keyword(s):

Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Caucasian Woman ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Appendiceal Mass ◽

Surgical Guidelines

Appendiceal endometriosis is a rare condition that remains difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Herein, we present a case of appendiceal endometriosis presenting as a neuroendocrine tumor. A 34-year-old Caucasian woman was found to have an appendiceal mass with a small fluid collection on routine transvaginal ultrasound. The patient denied any symptoms. Features were consistent with those of a neuroendocrine tumour of the appendix. Laparoscopic appendectomy followed by histopathology revealed endometriosis with negative cytology for malignant cells. Preoperative characteristics of appendiceal tumours in women of childbearing age should be further investigated. Establishing clinical and surgical guidelines is the key to avoid invasive procedures and related adverse outcomes.

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Bacterial vaginosis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.11417.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1761 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Phillip Hay

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Atopobium Vaginae

Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. It can have a major impact on quality of life and psychological wellbeing if frequently recurrent and strongly symptomatic. The use of molecular techniques to study the vaginal microbiome is increasing our understanding of the dynamic changes in flora that occur in health and disease. It might soon be possible to separate Gardnerella into different pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Many groups are studying compounds that can disrupt the biofilm which is dominated by Gardnerella and Atopobium vaginae. Several studies in the last decade support the concept of bacterial vaginosis as a sexually transmitted infection.

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Genitourethral infections caused by D–K serotypes ofChlamydia trachomatis

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2015.30078 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Péter Holló ◽

Hajnalka Jókai ◽

Krisztina Herszényi ◽

Sarolta Kárpáti

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Leading Role ◽

Special Circumstances

Sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract are most commonly caused by the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis worldwide, resulting the clinical picture of acute urethritis in men as well as urethritis and endocervicitis in women. As women often present with few symptoms only or a completely symptom-free disease course, one of the most important long-term complications is chronic pelvic inflammatory disease often followed by the development of infertility caused by chronic scar formation. Well-organized screening programs are considered to have a leading role in the prevention of disease spreading and long lasting unwanted complications. Antibiotic treatment options are often influenced by special circumstances, such as pregnancy and several complicated clinical forms. The aims of the authors are to give a concise review on the current knowledge regarding Chlamydia trachomatis infections and summarize typical clinical signs, modern diagnostic techniques as well as accepted treatment protocols and basic aspects of screening. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(1), 19–23.

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Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis among Pregnant Women, Gynecology Clinic Attendees, and Subfertile Women in Guangdong, China: A Cross-sectional Survey

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab206 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Changchang Li ◽

Weiming Tang ◽

Hung Chak Ho ◽

Jason J Ong ◽

Xiaojing Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Birth Outcome ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Sex ◽

Childbearing Age Women

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a major cause of infertility and adverse birth outcome, but its epidemiology among childbearing-age women remains unclear in China. This study investigated the prevalence of CT and associated factors among Chinese women aged 16-44 years who were either 1) pregnant; 2) attending gynaecology clinics; or 3) subfertile. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey and recruited participants from obstetrics, gynaecology, and infertility clinics in Guangdong, between March to December, 2019. We collected information on individuals' socio-demographic characteristics, previous medical conditions, and sexual behaviours. First-pass urine and cervical swabs were tested using nucleic acid amplification testing. We calculated the prevalence in each population and subgroup by age, education, and age at first sex. Multivariable binomial regression models were used to identify factors associated with CT. Results We recruited 881 pregnant women, 595 gynaecology clinic attendees, and 254 subfertile women. The prevalence of CT was 6.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.2%-8.5%), 8.2% (95%CI: 6.2%-10.7%), 5.9% (95%CI: 3.5%-9.3%) for the above three populations, respectively. The subgroup-specific prevalence was highest among those who had the first sex before 25 years and older pregnant women (>35 years). The proportion of asymptomatic CT was 84.8%, 40.0%, and 60.0% among pregnant women, gynaecology clinic attendees, and subfertile women, respectively. Age at first sex (<25 years), multipara, and ever having more than one partner increased the risk of CT. Conclusion Childbearing age women in China have a high prevalence of CT. As most women with CT were asymptomatic, more optimum prevention strategies are urgently needed in China.

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Socio-Economic Analysis and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in North Sumatra Province

Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health ◽

10.30829/contagion.v3i1.9268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Samsul Askhori

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

The Government ◽

North Sumatra

Introduction: Until now, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are still a health problem in the world, both developed and developing countries continue to strive to face and find solutions to overcome this disease, although prevention efforts carried out in various countries do not seem to have yielded satisfactory results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) based on data from the 2017 North Sumatra IDHS. Method: This type of research is an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional study design based on data from the 2017 North Sumatra Province IDHS. The population of this study was women aged 15-49 years who have had sexual relations. After cleaning the data, 1728 samples were included in the study. The data analysis technique used the frequency distribution of categorical variables, the analysis of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable used the chi-square test, then the multivariate analysis used logistic regression test. Result : The results showed that the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among women of childbearing age in North Sumatra was 25% (95% CI = 23.7% - 27.7%). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age, education level and area of residence with the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Then the multivariate analysis showed that the area of residence variable was the most dominant risk factor in causing the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is hoped that the government can overcome the problem of STIs through interventions on risk factors by providing education related to STIs in the community, especially women of childbearing age.

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