scholarly journals Genitourethral infections caused by D–K serotypes ofChlamydia trachomatis

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Péter Holló ◽  
Hajnalka Jókai ◽  
Krisztina Herszényi ◽  
Sarolta Kárpáti
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Special Circumstances

Sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract are most commonly caused by the intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis worldwide, resulting the clinical picture of acute urethritis in men as well as urethritis and endocervicitis in women. As women often present with few symptoms only or a completely symptom-free disease course, one of the most important long-term complications is chronic pelvic inflammatory disease often followed by the development of infertility caused by chronic scar formation. Well-organized screening programs are considered to have a leading role in the prevention of disease spreading and long lasting unwanted complications. Antibiotic treatment options are often influenced by special circumstances, such as pregnancy and several complicated clinical forms. The aims of the authors are to give a concise review on the current knowledge regarding Chlamydia trachomatis infections and summarize typical clinical signs, modern diagnostic techniques as well as accepted treatment protocols and basic aspects of screening. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(1), 19–23.

scholarly journals Prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisamong Childbearing Age Women in India: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Betha ◽  
Jamie M. Robertson ◽  
Gong Tang ◽  
Catherine L. Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Childbearing Age Women ◽  
Women In India

Background. Infection withChlamydia trachomatis(CT) can lead to reproductive sequelae. Information on the general population of childbearing age women in India is sparse. We reviewed the literature on CT prevalence within the general population of reproductive aged women in order to improve the efforts of public health screening programs and interventions.Objective. To conduct a literature review to determine the prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatisamong childbearing age women in India.Search Strategy. Ovid Medline and PubMed databases were searched for articles from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2014. Search terms included “Chlamydia trachomatis”, “CT”, “prevalence”, “India”, and “sexually transmitted infections”.Selection Criteria. Studies on prevalence data for CT among women of childbearing age (15–45) living in India were included.Data Collection and Analysis. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted by two readers and discrepancies solved through discussion.Results. Reported prevalence of active CT infection among lower risk groups ranged from 0.1% to 1.1% and in higher risk group from 2.7% to 28.5%.Conclusion.CT prevalence among women in India is comparable to other countries. Screening programs to prevent adverse outcomes among Indian women of childbearing age and their offspring are warranted.

scholarly journals Canine parvovirosis: Still an existing problem.

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 6191-2019
Author(s):  
ALICJA WÓJCIK ◽  
STANISŁAW WINIARCZYK ◽  
JERZY ZIĘTEK
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Parvoviral infections of dogs are still a clinical problem throughout the world. This is despite the development of prevention, increased awareness among the owners and increasingly effective treatment protocols due to the extremely high virulence of the virus. Parvovirosis is a disease caused by a virus of the Parvoviridae family in various variants: CPV-2, CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c, all of which produce similar clinical signs, including acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis. It is one of the most important viral pathogens, with extremely high morbidity and mortality. This study is a compendium of current knowledge about parvoviral infections in dogs. It describes their aetiology, pathogenesis and factors predisposing to parvovirosis. Special emphasis is placed on the description of clinical signs and treatment of sick dogs. Various diagnostic methods that are necessary to make the final diagnosis of the disease are described. The recommendations of the WSAVA on prophylactic vaccination are also analyzed.

scholarly journals The Swedish new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis: genome sequence, morphology, cell tropism and phenotypic characterization

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Unemo ◽  
Helena M. B. Seth-Smith ◽  
Lesley T. Cutcliffe ◽  
Rachel J. Skilton ◽  
David Barlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
New Variant

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In 2006, a new variant of C. trachomatis (nvCT), carrying a 377 bp deletion within the plasmid, was reported in Sweden. This deletion included the targets used by the commercial diagnostic systems from Roche and Abbott. The nvCT is clonal (serovar/genovar E) and it spread rapidly in Sweden, undiagnosed by these systems. The degree of spread may also indicate an increased biological fitness of nvCT. The aims of this study were to describe the genome of nvCT, to compare the nvCT genome to all available C. trachomatis genome sequences and to investigate the biological properties of nvCT. An early nvCT isolate (Sweden2) was analysed by genome sequencing, growth kinetics, microscopy, cell tropism assay and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It was compared with relevant C. trachomatis isolates, including a similar serovar E C. trachomatis wild-type strain that circulated in Sweden prior to the initially undetected expansion of nvCT. The nvCT genome does not contain any major genetic polymorphisms – the genes for central metabolism, development cycle and virulence are conserved – or phenotypic characteristics that indicate any altered biological fitness. This is supported by the observations that the nvCT and wild-type C. trachomatis infections are very similar in terms of epidemiological distribution, and that differences in clinical signs are only described, in one study, in women. In conclusion, the nvCT does not appear to have any altered biological fitness. Therefore, the rapid transmission of nvCT in Sweden was due to the strong diagnostic selective advantage and its introduction into a high-frequency transmitting population.

scholarly journals Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain (Part II): current clinical management and control according to a national survey in practitioners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Montoya ◽  
Rosa Gálvez ◽  
Rocio Checa ◽  
Juliana Sarquis ◽  
Alexandra Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitoring Treatment

Abstract Background Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a parasitic zoonotic disease, endemic in the Mediterranean basin including Spain. While knowledge about CanL, its management, treatment, prevention and control mounts, it remains unclear whether all clinical veterinarians follow the same international recommendations, such as those of the LeishVet group. This study was thus designed to assess recent trends in the clinical management of CanL in veterinary clinics across Spain through a questionnaire-based survey. Results were compared with those of our prior national multicenter questionnaire administered by our research team in 2005. Methods A questionnaire consisting of 28 questions about CanL was developed using Google Forms and distributed by email to 1428 veterinary clinics in Spain. Questions were designed to obtain data on common clinical signs, techniques and complementary exams used to diagnose the disease, and on its monitoring, treatment and control measures. Data were collected in a database for statistical analysis. Results Completed questionnaires were returned by 295 clinics. Compared to the situation in 2005, replies indicate that clinical signs of CanL have not changed significantly, cutaneous lesions being still the most prevalent sign observed by practitioners. Quantitative serological techniques are considered an adequate approach to diagnosis, provided their results are supported by the findings of a thorough physical exam, as well as complementary tests (complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, plasma protein electrophoretogram and complete urinalysis). Treatment protocols and check-ups follow international recommendations. Finally, a multimodal approach is being endorsed to adequately control CanL including preventive measures such as: annual serological check-ups and the combination of repellents and vaccines. Besides, owners are being better informed about CanL by veterinarians, which translates to the improved control of this zoonosis. Conclusions The clinical management of CanL has recently undergone significant changes owing to improvements in clinical knowledge of the disease, more unified international criteria, improved diagnostic techniques and their adequate interpretation, as well as a greater awareness of the disease transmitted to owners.

scholarly journals Endocervical miRNA Expression Profiles in Women Positive for Chlamydia trachomatis with Clinical Signs and/or Symptoms Are Distinct from Those in Women Positive for Chlamydia trachomatis without Signs and Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Batteiger ◽  
Nicole Spencer ◽  
Charity L. Washam ◽  
Stephanie Byrum ◽  
Michael Eledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Asymptomatic Women

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections that may progress to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. No effective vaccine exists for Chlamydia, nor are there biomarkers available that readily predict disease progression. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we recruited symptomatic and asymptomatic women with C. trachomatis (CT) infection and asymptomatic, uninfected control women from an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic to determine if there were differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression. Infected women with signs and/or symptoms (CTSS) have distinct miRNA profiles compared to asymptomatic infected women (CTNS). In the CTSS group, miR-142 and -147 showed 2.2- to 6.9-fold increases in expression. In the CTNS group, miR-449c, -6779, -519d, -449a, and -2467 showed 3.9- to 9.0-fold increases in expression. In the CTNS group, cyclins and cell cycle regulation and IL-17 pathways were likely downregulated, while the same signaling pathways were upregulated in the CTSS group. In addition, in the CTSS group, additional inflammatory pathways associated with TNFR1 and IL-8 appear to be upregulated. The miRNA expression patterns differ between CT-infected symptomatic and asymptomatic women, and these differences may warrant further study.

scholarly journals A 2-pyridone amide inhibitor of transcriptional activity in Chlamydia trachomatis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Núñez-Otero ◽  
Wael Bahnan ◽  
Katarina Vielfort ◽  
Jim Silver ◽  
Pardeep Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Rnase Iii ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Reticulate Body

Chlamydia trachomatis is a strict intracellular bacterium that causes sexually transmitted infections and eye infections that can lead to life-long sequelae. Treatment options are limited to broad-spectrum antibiotics that disturb the commensal flora and contribute to selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hence, development of novel drugs that specifically target C. trachomatis would be beneficial. 2-pyridone amides are potent and specific inhibitors of Chlamydia infectivity. The first generation compound KSK120, inhibits the developmental cycle of Chlamydia resulting in reduced infectivity of progeny bacteria. Here, we show that the improved, highly potent second-generation 2-pyridone amide KSK213 allowed normal growth and development of C. trachomatis and the effect was only observable upon re-infection of new cells. Progeny elementary bodies (EBs) produced in the presence of KSK213 were unable to activate transcription of essential genes in early development and did not differentiate into the replicative form, the reticulate body (RB). The effect was specific to C. trachomatis since KSK213 was inactive in the closely related animal pathogen C. muridarum and in C. caviae. The molecular target of KSK213 may thus be different in C. trachomatis or non-essential in C. muridarum and C. caviae. Resistance to KSK213 was mediated by a combination of amino acid substitutions in both DEAD/DEAH RNA helicase and RNAse III, which may indicate inhibition of the transcriptional machinery as the mode of action. 2-pyridone amides provide a novel antibacterial strategy and starting points for development of highly specific drugs for C. trachomatis infections.

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Rajabpour ◽  
Amir Darb Emamie ◽  
Mohammad Reza Pourmand ◽  
Narjes Noori Goodarzi ◽  
Firouzeh Akbari Asbagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Genitourinary Infection

The present study investigates the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among women with genitourinary infection and pregnancy-related complications in Tehran. It also evaluates the demographic information, symptoms, and sequelae. Endocervical samples were obtained over a period of eight months from 360 women including 180 symptomatic patients and 180 patients with pregnancy-related complications and infertility. CT, NG, and TV were detected in 10.8%, 6.9%, and 8.3% of all patients, respectively. The prevalence of CT, NG, and TV among women in the symptomatic group was 11.1%, 7.2%, and 13.3%, respectively, and among women with pregnancy-related complications and infertility was 10.6%, 6.7%, and 3.3%, respectively. Associations between chlamydia and ectopic pregnancy ( p =  0.001), and infertility ( p <  0.001) were observed. Abortion ( p =  0.008), infertility ( p =  0.005), and ectopic pregnancy ( p <  0.001) were associated with gonorrhea. Abnormal vaginal discharge ( p =  0.02) and vulvar itching ( p =  0.02) were associated with trichomoniasis. Overall, the prevalence rates of CT, NG, and TV were high in these patient groups. These high prevalences suggest that screening programs are required to reduce the burden of these sexually transmitted infections and their effects on genitourinary symptoms, pregnancy-related complications, and infertility.

Establishing a Group Educational Session for Hyperacusis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Ann E. Perreau ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Shelley Witt ◽  
Mohamed Salah Elgandy
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Education Session ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Educational Session ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Audiologists should be treating hyperacusis patients. However, it can be difficult to know where to begin because treatment protocols and evidence-based treatment studies are lacking. A good place to start in any tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic is to incorporate a group educational session. Method Here, we outline our approach to establishing a hyperacusis group educational session that includes specific aspects of getting to know each patient to best meet their needs, understanding the problems associated with hyperacusis, explaining the auditory system and the relationship of hyperacusis to hearing loss and tinnitus, describing the influence of hyperacusis on daily life, and introducing treatment options. Subjective responses from 11 adults with hyperacusis, who participated in a recent clinical group education session, were discussed to illustrate examples from actual patients. Conclusions Due to the devastating nature of hyperacusis, patients need to be reassured that they are not alone and that they can rely on audiologists to provide support and guidance. A group approach can facilitate the therapeutic process by connecting patients with others who are also affected by hyperacusis, and by educating patients and significant others on hyperacusis and its treatment options. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121197

Free Fatty Acid Receptors as New Potential Targets in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404
Author(s):  
Adrian Bartoszek ◽  
Jakub Fichna ◽  
Aleksandra Tarasiuk ◽  
Agata Binienda ◽  
Adam Fabisiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In developed countries, its mortality remains high, yet the prevalence has established owing to effective screening programs; however due to the westernization of lifestyle, the incidences in many other countries have increased. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the last few years, the side effects of these approaches cannot be neglected. Recently, members of the family of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) have become attractive pharmacological targets in many diseases, including asthma; studies also point to their role in carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge and future directions in FFAR research related to CRC. Contradictory results of FFARs modulation may derive from the pleiotropic effects of FFAR ligands, receptor distribution and different signal transduction. Hence, we indicate directions of further studies to fully use the potential of FFARs in CRC.

Pulmonary Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis Prevalence, Diagnostic Approach and Treatment Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dejcman ◽  
Valentin Sebastian Schäfer ◽  
Dirk Skowasch ◽  
Carmen Pizarro ◽  
Andreas Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis

: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common form of pulmonary impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, patients with RA or other arthritic diseases such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) may develop several other pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) with a higher risk than patients without arthritis. The article at hand aims at summarizing the current knowledge on the prevalence of pulmonary diseases in the above-mentioned forms of arthritis, the challenges for prevalence studies and detecting pulmonary diseases in patients with arthritis as well as possible treatment options. Dyspnea, cough or other pulmonary symptoms or findings in arthritis patients should prompt gradual diagnostic procedures considering pulmonary manifestations as a major cluster of differential diagnosis. Considering its poor prognosis and morbidity burden, RA-ILD needs to be ruled out. Treatment of manifestations often lacks solid evidencebased guidelines and referrals to specialized centers are often necessary.

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