scholarly journals An Application-Driven Modular IoT Architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Yelamarthi ◽  
Md Sayedul Aman ◽  
Ahmed Abdelgawad
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Edge Mode ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Wireless Transceivers ◽  
Application Management ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
Rapid Deployment

Building upon the advancements in the recent years, a new paradigm in technology has emerged in Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has allowed for communication with the surrounding environment through a multitude of sensors and actuators, yet operating on limited energy. Several researchers have presented IoT architectures for respective applications, often challenged by requiring major updates for adoption to a different application. Further, this comes with several uncertainties such as type of computational device required at the edge, mode of wireless connectivity required, methods to obtain power efficiency, and not ensuring rapid deployment. This paper starts with providing a horizontal overview of each layer in IoT architecture and options for different applications. Then it presents a broad application-driven modular architecture, which can be easily customized for rapid deployment. This paper presents the diverse hardware used in several IoT layers such as sensors, embedded processors, wireless transceivers, internet gateway, and application management cloud server. Later, this paper presents implementation results for diverse applications including healthcare, structural health monitoring, agriculture, and indoor tour guide systems. It is hoped that this research will assist the potential user to easily choose IoT hardware and software as it pertains to their respective needs.

scholarly journals Self-switching diodes as RF rectifiers: evaluation methods and current progress

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Farhani Zakaria ◽  
Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo ◽  
Muammar Mohamad Isa ◽  
Zarimawaty Zailan ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Design Simplicity ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, widespread uses and applications of devices require higher frequency connectivity to be explored and exploited. Furthermore, the size, weight, power and cost demands for the IoT ecosystems also creates a new paradigm for the hardware where improved power efficiency and efficient wireless transmission needed to be investigated and made feasible. As such, functional microwave detectors to detect and rectify the signals transmitted in higher frequency regions are crucial. This paper reviewed the practicability of self switching diodes as Radio Frequency (RF) rectifiers. The existing methods used in the evaluation of the rectification performance and cut-off frequency are reviewed, and current achievements are then concluded. The works reviewed in this paper highlights the functionality of SSD as a RF rectifier with design simplicity, which may offer cheaper alternatives in current high frequency rectifying devices for application in low-power devices.

scholarly journals Implementation and Assessment of an Intelligent Motor Tele-Rehabilitation Platform

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Rybarczyk ◽  
Jorge Luis Pérez Medina ◽  
Louis Leconte ◽  
Karina Jimenes ◽  
Mario González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Warping ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Hip Replacement Surgery ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dynamic Time

Over the past few years, software applications for medical assistance, including tele-rehabilitation, have known an increasing presence in the health arena. Despite the several therapeutic and economic advantages of this new paradigm, it is important to follow certain guidelines, in order to build a safe, useful, scalable, and ergonomic tool. This work proposes to address all these points, through the case study of a physical tele-rehabilitation platform for patients after hip replacement surgery. The scalability and versatility of the system is handled by the implementation of a modular architecture. The safeness and effectiveness of the tool is ensured by an artificial intelligence module that assesses the quality of the movements performed by the user. The usability of the application is evaluated by a cognitive walkthrough method. Results show that the system (i) is able to properly assess the correctness of the human’s motion through two possible methods (Dynamic Time Warping and Hidden Markov Model), and (ii) provides a good user experience. The discussion addresses (i) the advantages and disadvantages of the main approaches for a gesture recognition of therapeutic movements, and (ii) critical aspects to provide the patient with the best usability of a tele-rehabilitation platform.

scholarly journals Leveraging Contact Effects for Field-Effect Transistor Technologies with Reduced Complexity and Superior Current Uniformity

2013 ◽  
Vol 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sporea ◽  
S. Georgakopoulos ◽  
X. Xu ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
M. Shkunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Contact Effects ◽  
Large Area Electronics

ABSTRACTIn order to achieve high performance, the design of devices for large-area electronics needs to be optimized despite material or fabrication shortcomings. In numerous emerging technologies thin-film transistor (TFT) performance is hindered by contact effects. Here, we show that contact effects can be used constructively to create devices with performance characteristics unachievable by conventional transistor designs. Source-gated transistors (SGTs) are not designed with increasing transistor speed, mobility or sub-threshold slope in mind, but rather with improving certain aspects critical for real-world large area electronics such as stability, uniformity, power efficiency and gain. SGTs can achieve considerably lower saturation voltage and power dissipation compared to conventional devices driven at the same current; higher output impedance for over two orders of magnitude higher intrinsic gain; improved bias stress stability in amorphous materials; higher resilience to processing variations; current virtually independent of source-drain gap, source-gate overlap and semiconductor thickness variations. Applications such as amplifiers and drivers for sensors and actuators, low cost large area analog or digital circuits could greatly benefit from incorporating the SGT architecture.

scholarly journals Simulation of Scalability in Cloud-Based IoT Reactive Systems Leveraged on a WSAN Simulator and Cloud Computing Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Luis Jurado Pérez ◽  
Joaquín Salvachúa
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Queuing System ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Rapid Deployment

Implementing a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) in Internet of Things (IoT) applications is a complex task. The need to establish the number of nodes, sensors, and actuators, and their location and characteristics, requires a tool that allows the preliminary determination of this information. Additionally, in IoT scenarios where a large number of sensors and actuators are present, such as in a smart city, it is necessary to analyze the scalability of these systems. Modeling and simulation can help to conduct an early study and reduce development and deployment times in environments such as a smart city. The design-time verification of the system through a network simulation tool is useful for the most complex and expensive part of the system formed by a WSAN. However, the use of real components for other parts of the IoT system is feasible by using cloud computing infrastructure. Although there are cloud computing simulators, the cloud layer is poorly developed for the requirements of IoT applications. Technologies around cloud computing can be used for the rapid deployment of some parts of the IoT application and software services using containers. With this framework, it is possible to accelerate the development of the real system, facilitate the rapid deployment of a prototype, and provide more realistic simulations. This article proposes an approach for the modeling and simulation of IoT systems and services in a smart city leveraged in a WSAN simulator and technologies of cloud computing. Our approach was verified through experiments with two use cases. (1) A model of sensor and actuator networks as an integral part of an IoT application to monitor and control parks in a city. Through this use case, we analyze the scalability of a system whose sensors constantly emit data. (2) A model for cloud-based IoT reactive parking lot systems for a city. Through our approach, we have created an IoT parking system simulation model. The model contains an M/M/c/N queuing system to simulate service requests from users. In this use case, the model replication through hierarchical modeling and scalability of a distributed parking reservation service were evaluated. This last use case showed how the simulation model could provide information to size the system through probability distribution variables related to the queuing system. The experimental results show that the use of simulation techniques for this type of application makes it possible to analyze scalability in a more realistic way.

METHOD OF INTERACTION IN A MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR SENSOR SYSTEMS (MASS)

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
JESSE DAVIS ◽  
DOUGLAS STARK ◽  
NICHOLAS EDMONDS
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Hardware Architecture ◽  
Distributed Sensing ◽  
System Level ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
High Flexibility

The system level hardware architecture of individual nodes in a distributed wireless sensor network has not received adequate attention. A novel hardware architecture based on the concept of task specific modular computing provides both the high flexibility and power efficiency required for effective distributed sensing solutions. This paper presents this newly developed architecture and provides an analysis of two possible methods for module interaction. Results from simulations based on this analysis are given. Finally, a brief description of the hardware and software design and prototype implementation of the modular architecture for sensor systems (MASS) is given to show the ease of use of the conceptual architecture.

scholarly journals A Survey on Various Methods and Algorithms of Scheduling in Fog Computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Raouf Belmahdi ◽  
Djamila Mechta ◽  
Saad Harous
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Scheduling Algorithms ◽  
Main Role ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Rapid Deployment

The rapid deployment of IoT in different areas generates a massive amount of data transferred to the Cloud. To solve this challenge a new paradigm, called Fog Computing, is located at the edge of the network and close to the connected objects. Its main role is to extend the capacities of Cloud and improve the performance and the QoS required by the applications by the use of different methods and techniques based on scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we review various recent studies available in the literature that are interested in the scheduling methods and algorithms used in Fog computing. The use of fog layer, in solving optimization problem, is faced with serious challenges. Therefore, to help practitioners and researchers, we present an in-depth overview of Fog Computing studying various scheduling methods and algorithms. We analyze, compare and classify these different scheduling approaches according to the nature of the algorithm used in the scheduling, the QoS optimized by the proposed approach and the type of applications in order to show what is suitable for critical IoT (CIOT), massive IoT (MIOT) and Industry IoT (IIOT). Finally, we present a comparison of the different simulation tools used to evaluate these approaches to guide fog computing developers/researchers which tool is suitable and most flexible for simulating the application under consideration.

scholarly journals Gel Sensors and Actuators

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
High Fraction

AbstractGels, soft polymeric or composite materials that have a high fraction of water, are often found as structural materials and actuators in nature but have so far not found many uses when fabricated synthetically. We first examine some natural systems such as jellyfish, sea anemones, starfish, legumes, and human tissue, all having interesting ways of moving or otherwise reacting to the surrounding environment. Then we discuss swelling and cross-linking of hydrogels, followed by a look at actuation by electrically, thermally, and chemically stimulated gels, noting that electrical stimulation needs a chemical intermediary to show substantial actuation (comparable to human muscle, for instance). Electroactive gels have great potential as sensors and actuators but their actual uses are mainly restricted to passive drug delivery and matrices for sensors. For most applications as artificial muscles, electrically driven actuators are too weak, but chemically driven actuators look very promising. Better ways of coupling electrical energy to chemically driven gels are needed.

scholarly journals Using Augmented Reality and Internet of Things for Control and Monitoring of Mechatronic Devices

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Erich Stark ◽  
Erik Kučera ◽  
Oto Haffner ◽  
Peter Drahoš ◽  
Roman Leskovský
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Internet Of Things

At present, computer networks are no longer used to connect just personal computers. Smaller devices can connect to them even at the level of individual sensors and actuators. This trend is due to the development of modern microcontrollers and singleboard computers which can be easily connected to the global Internet. The result is a new paradigm—the Internet of Things (IoT) as an integral part of the Industry 4.0; without it, the vision of the fourth industrial revolution would not be possible. In the field of digital factories it is a natural successor of the machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Presently, mechatronic systems in IoT networks are controlled and monitored via industrial HMI (human-machine interface) panels, console, web or mobile applications. Using these conventional control and monitoring methods of mechatronic systems within IoT networks, this method may be fully satisfactory for smaller rooms. Since the list of devices fits on one screen, we can monitor the status and control these devices almost immediately. However, in the case of several rooms or buildings, which is the case of digital factories, ordinary ways of interacting with mechatronic systems become cumbersome. In such case, there is the possibility to apply advanced digital technologies such as extended (computer-generated) reality. Using these technologies, digital (computer-generated) objects can be inserted into the real world. The aim of this article is to describe design and implementation of a new method for control and monitoring of mechatronic systems connected to the IoT network using a selected segment of extended reality to create an innovative form of HMI.

scholarly journals A Review on Autonomous Driving Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Salma Yaakub ◽  
Mohammed Hayyan Alsibai
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Analysis System

Autonomous vehicles are one of the promising solutions to reduce traffic crashes and improve mobility and traffic system. An autonomous vehicle is preferable because it helps in reducing the need for redesigning the infrastructure and because it improves the vehicle power efficiency in terms of cost and time taken to reach the destination. Autonomous vehicles can be divided into 3 types: Aerial vehicles, ground vehicles and underwater vehicles. General, four basic subsystems are integrated to enable a vehicle to move by itself which are: Position identifying and navigation system, surrounding environment situation analysis system, motion planning system and trajectory control system. In this paper, a review on autonomous vehicles and their related technological applications is presented to highlight the aspects of this industry as a part of industry 4.0 concept. Moreover, the paper discusses the best autonomous driving systems to be applied on our wheelchair project which aims at converting a manual wheelchair to a smart electric wheelchair

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