Characterization of Alkaline Treatment and Fiber Content on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Ground Coffee Waste/Oxobiodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Effect of alkali treatment on ground coffee waste/oxobiodegradable HDPE (GCW/oxo-HDPE) composites was evaluated using 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% volume fraction of GCW. The composites were characterized using structural (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), thermal (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), mechanical (tensile and impact test) properties, and water absorption. FTIR spectrum indicated the eradication of lipids, hemicellulose, lignin, and impurities after the treatments lead to an improvement of the filler/matrix interface adhesion. This is confirmed by SEM results. Degree of crystallinity index was increased by 5% after the treatment. Thermal stability for both untreated and treated GCW composites was alike. Optimum tensile result was achieved when using 10% volume fraction with enhancement of 25% for tensile strength and 24% for tensile modulus compared to untreated composite. Specific tensile strength and modulus had improved as the composite has lower density. The highest impact properties were achieved when using 15% volume fraction that lead to an improvement of 6%. Treated GCW composites show better water resistance with 57% improvement compared to the untreated ones. This lightweight and ecofriendly biocomposite has the potential in packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications.

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Improvement in Mechanical Properties of Cantala Fiber and Short Cantala/Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Composite through Chemical Treatment

10.20944/preprints201710.0134.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wijang Wisnu Raharjo ◽

Rudy Soenoko ◽

Yudy Surya Irawan ◽

Agus Suprapto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Amorphous Material ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Polyethylene Composite ◽

Treated Fiber

The improvement of mechanical properties of cantala fiber and its composites. Treatments including alkali, silane, and the combination of both were carried out to modify the fiber surface. The influence of chemical treatments on fiber properties such as the degree of crystallinity and tensile strength was investigated. A variety of short cantala fiber reinforced rHDPE composites were produced by hot press, and the effect of fiber treatment on the flexural strength of composites was observed. SEM observations also carried out to highlight these changes. The result shows that alkali treatment improves tensile strength and tensile modulus of alkali treated fiber (NF12) which was predicted as a result of the enhancement of the cellulose crystallinity. In contrast, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of silane (SF05) and alkali-silane treated fiber (NSF05) decreased compared to untreated fiber (UF) which is caused by the addition of amorphous material. The tensile strength of alkali-silane treated fiber (NSF05) was lower than alkali treated fiber (NF12), but the composites prepared with NSF05 showed the highest increment of flexural strength of 25.9%. This may be due the combination of alkali and silane treatment helped in the better formation of fiber-matrix interface adhesion.

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Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Shell Composites

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2016/7457506 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Sahari ◽

M. A. Maleque

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Palm Shell ◽

Pull Out ◽

Oil Palm Shell

The mechanical properties of oil palm shell (OPS) composites were investigated with different volume fraction of OPS such as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% using unsaturated polyester (UPE) as a matrix. The results presented that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the UPE/OPS composites increased as the OPS loading increased. The highest tensile modulus of UPE/OPS was obtained at 30 vol% of OPS with the value of 8.50 GPa. The tensile strength of the composites was 1.15, 1.17, and 1.18 times higher than the pure UPE matrix for 10, 20, and 30 vol% of OPS, respectively. The FTIR spectra showed the change of functional group of composites with different volume fractions of OPS. SEM analysis shows the filler pull-out present in the composites which proved the poor filler-matrix interfacial bonding.

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Pengaruh Perlakukan Alkali terhadap Sifat Fisik, dan Mekanik Serat Kulit Buah Pinang

Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur ◽

10.24843/jem.2018.v11.i01.p02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Cokorda putri Kusuma kencanawati ◽

I Ketut Gede Sugita ◽

NPG Suardana ◽

I Wayan Budiasa Suyasa

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Fiber Density ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Wax Content

Makalah ini menganalisis pengaruh perlakukan alkali dan tanpa perlakukan alkali terhadap karakateristik fisik, morfologi dan sifat mekanik serat kulit buah pinang (areca Catechu L.). Selama ini pemanfaatan limbah pertanian belum dilakukan secara maksimal, sehingga dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Serat kulit buah pinang (Areca Husk Fiber/AHF) selama ini hanya dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar biomassa dan media tanam sedangkan untuk pemanfaatan lain belum ada sama sekali. AHF diberi perlakukan NaOH 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dengan waktu perendaman 2 jam pada temperatur kamar, untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik AHF maka dilakukan pengukuran panjang dan diameter serat, pengujian densitas, pengujian kadar air dan moisture sedangkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mekanik dilakukan pengujian tarik serat tunggal sesuai dengan ASTM D 3379. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa diameter AHF mengalami pengurangan diameter akibat perlakukan alkali, hal ini terkait dengan hilangnya kandungan lignin, pektin dan wax. Densitas AHF menurun dengan meningkatan prosentase NaOH bila dibandingkan dengan AHF tanpa perlakukan NaOH. Kekuatan tarik bervariasi dengan adanya perlakuan alkali. Kekuatan tarik AHF tertinggi pada serat yang mengalami perlakukan NaOH 5% yaitu sebesar 165 Mpa dan kekuatan tarik terendah pada AHF dengan perlakuan Alkali 10% yaitu sebesar 137 MPa . This paper analyzes the effect of alkali and non-alkali treatments on the physical characteristics, morphology and mechanical properties of betel nut huks fiber (areca Catechu L.). the used of agricultural waste has not been done optimally, causing environmental pollution. Areca Husk Fiber (AHF) only used as biomass fuel and planting medium, while for the other uses it has not existed. AHF was given 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% NaOH treatment with 2 hours immersion at room temperature, to known the physical characteristics of AHF then measured the length and diameter of fiber, density test, water content and moisture test. Mechanical characteristics of single fiber tensile testing in accordance with ASTM D 3379. From this study that known the diameter of AHF has a reduction in diameter due to alkaline treatment, this is related to loss of lignin, pectin and wax content. The density of AHF decreases with the percentage increase of NaOH when compared with AHF without the treatment of NaOH. Tensile strength varies with alkaline treatment. The highest AHF tensile strength in treated fibers was 5% NaOH of 165 Mpa and lowest tensile strength in AHF with 10% Alkali treatment of 137 MPa.

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Effect of Gamma Radiation on Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wapoon Tappanawatch ◽

Paweena Prapainainar ◽

Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽

Surapich Loykulnant ◽

Peerapan Dittanet

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Reinforcing Agent

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were extracted from corn cob and synthesized by alkaline treatment using 3 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Acid hydrolysis with 64 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different reaction times (30, 45, 60 min) was performed to obtain CNC solutions. CNC was evaluated as a reinforcing agent in natural rubber (NR) at CNC loadings from 1-5 wt%. Gamma-ray radiation was used as vulcanization method and varied at 10 and 20 kGy. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of NR vulcanizates increased with addition of CNC and contents. In addition, radiation by gamma ray impacts the mechanical performance, where CNC/NR composites vulcanized with higher dose of radiation of 20 KGy were found to have the higher values in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus than with 10 KGy. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites after aging were found to slightly increase due to post-curing during the aging process.

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The Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Water Absorption and Tensile Properties of Non-Woven Kenaf Polyester Composite

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.812.258 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 812 ◽

pp. 258-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zakaria Mohd Nazarudin ◽

Jamaluddin Mohd Ariff ◽

Masitah Abu Kassim ◽

Nur Shafiqah Othman ◽

Othman Maizatulnisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Fibre Composite ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Moisture Resistance ◽

Kenaf Fiber ◽

Polyester Composite ◽

Woven Kenaf

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of alkali treatment on water absorption and tensile properties of non-woven kenaf polyester composite. Kenaf fiber mat was treated with 2, 4 and 6% of different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. The composite was fabricated using compression molding technique. It was found that treatment reduced the overall water uptake of composites. The 6% treated fibre composite was greater in moisture resistance as compared to untreated. The tensile strength of the composites was substantially improved after alkali treatment, and it was similar with the tensile modulus.

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Development of New TiO2 Nanoparticles Modified Photosensitive Resin for Rapid Prototyping

Science of Advanced Materials ◽

10.1166/sam.2020.3604 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 244-248

Author(s):

Yiwen Xu ◽

Shengcai Qi ◽

Yuanzhi Xu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Rapid Prototyping ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Photosensitive Resin ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Thermal Stability Of

The objective of this study is to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of the photosensitive resin for RP (Rapid Prototyping) modifying with TiO2 nanoparticles NPs. The coupling agent KH570 was chosen for treating the surface of TiO2 NPs. The influence of the TiO2 content on the viscosity and the curing depth of photosensitive resin were analyzed in this study. We also tested the mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, tensile strength, hardness and flexural strength. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we tested the thermal stability of the modified photosensitive resin. Modified photosensitive resin's comprehensive performance was really good when the content of TiO2 was at 0.25%, the increase in tensile strength from 24.3 to 46.9 MPa was noticed to be 89%, the increase in tensile modulus from 1990 to 2251 MPa was noticed to be 18%, the increase in hardness and flexural strength was noticed to be 5 and 6%, respectively. Moreover, the heat stability and plasticity of the modified photosensitive resin are also enhanced. This paper gives a cost-efficient method of improving the functioning of photosensitive resin for RP.

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Study of tensile strength and morphology of polyester matrix composite materials reinforced Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder as raw material of rear bumper vehicle

Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances ◽

10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 085-090

Author(s):

Sujita Darmo Darmo ◽

Rudy Sutanto Sutanto

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Composite Material ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fibrous Composite ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Soaking Time ◽

The Matrix

Fibrous composite materials continue to be researched and developed with the long-term goal of becoming an alternative to metal substitutes. Due to the nature of the fiber reinforced composite material, its high tensile strength, and low density compared to metal. In general, the composition of the composite consists of reinforcing fibers and a matrix as the binding material. The potential of natural fibers as a reinforcing composite material is still being developed and investigated. The research that has been done aims to determine the characteristics of the tensile strength of the composite strengthened with Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder (HTBP) with alkaline NaOH and KOH treatment. The reinforcing material used is HTBP and the matrix is polyester resin, with volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% with an alkaline treatment of 5% NaOH and 5% KOH with immersion for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. Tensile testing specimens and procedures refer to ASTM D3039 standard. The results of this study showed the highest tensile strength of 34.96 MPa in the alkaline treatment of 5% KOH, soaking time of 8 hours with a volume fraction of 10% and the lowest tensile strength of 21.96 MPa of 5% KOH alkaline treatment, soaking time of 6 hours with a volume fraction of 20%. .with 10% volume fraction of 34.96 MPa and the lowest tensile strength was 5% KOH alkaline treatment at 6 hours immersion with 20% volume fraction.

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The Influence of AlkaliTreatment and Compatibilizer Addition on the Tensile Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.449 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 626 ◽

pp. 449-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Razaina Mat Taib ◽

Nurul Mujahidah Ahmad Khairuddin ◽

Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Kenaf Fiber

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and kenaf fiber (KF) were immersed in water at room temperature. The fiber was treated with alkaline solution. A compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added in some composite formulations. Composite with alkali treated fibers (KFA) showed similar tensile strength but lower tensile modulus than the composite with untreated fiber, KF. Addition of MAPP was crucial to improve the tensile properties and water resistance of either PP/KF or PP/KFA composites. Alkali treatment adversely affected the water absorption behavior of PP/KF composite.

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Experimental Research Regarding the Tensile Properties of some Polypropylene Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Hemp Shives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.230 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 814 ◽

pp. 230-234

Author(s):

Maria Silvia Pernevan ◽

Liviu Marşavina ◽

Ioan Pernevan ◽

Cecilia Sîrghie ◽

Mihaela Popescu

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Tensile Behavior ◽

Point Of View ◽

New Materials ◽

Volume Fractions ◽

Recyclable Resources

The paper analyzes the tensile behavior of some new biocomposite materials based on polypropylene reinforced with hemp shives for different volume fractions and sizes. The aim of this study is to make a comparison between the tensile properties of these materials and to determine in which way the values of the tensile strength and tensile modulus are influenced by the volume fraction and dimensions of the reinforcement elements. The analyzed materials are new materials based on renewable and recyclable resources and from this point of view these materials have a less harmful impact on the environment compared to the conventional composites. By analyzing the tensile properties of polyproylene based biocomposites reinforced with hemp shives it can be observed in which way these materials could replace conventional materials in various fields of applications.

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Property Correlations of Polypropylene based Composites Filled with Mimusop elengi Seed Shell Powder

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 945 (1) ◽

pp. 012064

Author(s):

Tan Wuan Chien ◽

Mathialagan Muniyadi ◽

Yamuna Munusamy

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Impact Testing ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Tensile Fracture ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Shell Powder

Abstract The saturation point of Mimusop elengi seed shell powder (MESSP) and the effect of MESSP addition on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP) composites were studied. Tensile fracture, physio-mechanical properties and thermal behavior of composites were characterized using tensile and impact testing, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron micrograph, and differential scanning calorimetry. Processability of composites were feasible up to 20 wt. % MESSP by which agglomeration of MESSP and poor dispersion of MESSP in PP was observed above 20 wt% MESSP loading. Increasing MESSP loading showed tremendous improvement in tensile modulus and impact strength, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break were reduced. Water absorption and thermal decomposition of composites remain comparable with addition of MESSP up to 20 wt. %. Reduction of tensile strength was attributed by weak adhesion between MESSP and PP. However, morphological analysis revealed the presence of physical interaction via PP chain interlocking on MESSP surface.

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