scholarly journals Characteristics ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Bovine Mastitis Exposed to Subminimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Cefalotin or Ceftazidime

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Laidi Ding ◽  
Bo Han ◽  
Sofie Piepers ◽  
S. Ali Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coliis a major udder pathogen causing clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and its heat stable endotoxin in powdered infant formula milk is a potential risk factor in neonatal infections. Cephalosporins are frequently used for treatment of mastitis caused by mastitis; however, use of these antimicrobials may induce antimicrobial resistance inE. coli. The objective of this study was to explore thein vitroeffect of subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of cefalotin (CF) and ceftazidime (CAZ) on the morphology, antimicrobial resistance, and endotoxin releasing characteristics of 3E. coliisolates recovered from bovine clinical mastitis. The parentE. coliisolates, which were susceptible to CF and CAZ, were exposed to CF or CAZ separately at sub-MIC levels to produce 9 generations of induced isolates. Colonies of the CAZ-induced isolates from all 3 parentE. coliwere smaller on blood agar and the bacteria became filamentous, whereas the CF-induced isolates did not demonstrate prominent morphological changes. After induction by CF or CAZ, many induced isolates showed resistance to cefoxitin, CAZ, CF, kanamycin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid while their parent isolates were susceptible to these antimicrobials. Notably, 5 CAZ-induced isolates from the same parent isolate were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) though none of the tested ESBL related genes could be detected. All CAZ-induced isolates released more endotoxin with a higher release rate, whereas endotoxin release of CF-inducedE. coliisolates was not different from parent isolates. The exposure of cephalosporins at sub-MIC levels induced resistantEscherichia coli.We inferred that cephalosporins, especially CAZ, should be used prudently for treatment of clinicalE. colimastitis.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Escherichia coli in River Waters Collected from Two Cities in Ghana, 2018–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Regina Ama Banu ◽  
Jorge Matheu Alvarez ◽  
Anthony J. Reid ◽  
Wendemagegn Enbiale ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
River Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Animal Wastewater ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

Infections by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) are on the increase in Ghana, but the level of environmental contamination with this organism, which may contribute to growing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), is unknown. Using the WHO OneHealth Tricycle Protocol, we investigated the contamination of E. coli (Ec) and ESBL-Ec in two rivers in Ghana (Odaw in Accra and Okurudu in Kasoa) that receive effluents from human and animal wastewater hotspots over a 12-month period. Concentrations of Ec, ESBL-Ec and percent ESBL-Ec/Ec were determined per 100 mL sample. Of 96 samples, 94 (98%) were positive for ESBL-Ec. concentrations per 100 mL (MCs100) of ESBL-Ec and %ESBL-Ec from both rivers were 4.2 × 104 (IQR, 3.1 × 103–2.3 × 105) and 2.79 (IQR, 0.96–6.03), respectively. MCs100 were significantly lower in upstream waters: 1.8 × 104 (IQR, 9.0 × 103–3.9 × 104) as compared to downstream waters: 1.9 × 106 (IQR, 3.7 × 105–5.4 × 106). Both human and animal wastewater effluents contributed to the increased contamination downstream. This study revealed high levels of ESBL-Ec in rivers flowing through two cities in Ghana. There is a need to manage the sources of contamination as they may contribute to the acquisition and spread of ESBL-Ec in humans and animals, thereby contributing to AMR.

scholarly journals Incidence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Community- and Hospital-Associated Intra-Abdominal Infections in Europe: Results of the 2008 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 3043-3046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACT From 2002 to 2008, there was a significant increase in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli isolates in European intra-abdominal infections, from 4.3% in 2002 to 11.8% in 2008 (P < 0.001), but not for ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (16.4% to 17.9% [P > 0.05]). Hospital-associated isolates were more common than community-associated isolates, at 14.0% versus 6.5%, respectively, for E. coli (P < 0.001) and 20.9% versus 5.3%, respectively, for K. pneumoniae (P < 0.01). Carbapenems were consistently the most active drugs tested.

scholarly journals The Streptomycin-Sulfadiazine-Tetracycline Antimicrobial Resistance Element of Calf-Adapted Escherichia coli Is Widely Distributed among Isolates from Washington State Cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artashes R. Khachatryan ◽  
Thomas E. Besser ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Genetic Element ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Association of specific antimicrobial resistance patterns with unrelated selective traits has long been implicated in the maintenance of antimicrobial resistance in a population. Previously we demonstrated that Escherichia coli strains with a specific resistance pattern (resistant to streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline [SSuT]) have a selective advantage in dairy calf intestinal environments and in the presence of a milk supplement commonly fed to the calves. In the present study we identified the sequence of the genetic element that confers the SSuT phenotype and show that this element is present in a genetically diverse group of E. coli isolates, as assessed by macrorestriction digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This element was also found in E. coli isolates from 18 different cattle farms in Washington State. Using in vitro competition experiments we further demonstrated that SSuT strains from 17 of 18 farms were able to outcompete pansusceptible strains. In a separate set of experiments, we were able to transfer the antimicrobial resistance phenotype by electroporation to a laboratory strain of E. coli (DH10B), making that new strain more competitive during in vitro competition with the parental DH10B strain. These data indicate that a relatively large genetic element conferring the SSuT phenotype is widely distributed in E. coli from cattle in Washington State. Furthermore, our results indicate that this element is responsible for maintenance of these traits owing to linkage to genetic traits that confer a selective advantage in the intestinal lumens of dairy calves.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine mastitis pathogens and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ) ◽  
P. TSAKOS (Π. ΤΣΑΚΟΣ) ◽  
K. ANATOLIOTIS (Κ. ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΩΤΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Nine hundred and fifty two milk samples from clinical bovine mastitis cases, originated from 269 farms in Northern Greece, were tested. Escherichia coli was isolated in 49.3% of samples. Furthermore, Staphylococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp or a combination of the above bacteria were isolated. The bacteriological result from 4.3% of samples was negative. No correlation between clinical mastitis cases and seasonal variation was observed. Resistance of E. coli isolates to tetracycline was 82-96%, to enrofloxacin 10-30%, to gentamicin 58-80%, to cephalosporins 47-75%, to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime 46-81%, to ampicillin 71-92% and to neomycin 83-97%. The highest resistance rate and the appearance of multi-resistant isolates of E. coli (6%), to 8 antibacterials, were recorded during the last year of the survey.

scholarly journals Ionic Silver and Electrical Treatment for Susceptibility and Disinfection of Escherichia coli Biofilm-Contaminated Titanium Surface

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kritphudis Suttasattakrit ◽  
Arnon Khamkeaw ◽  
Chanchana Tangwongsan ◽  
Prasit Pavasant ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ionic Silver ◽  
Electrical Treatment

In this work, surface disinfection and biofilm susceptibility were investigated by applying ionic silver of 0.4–1.6 µg/mL and cathodic voltage-controlled electrical treatment of 1.8 V and a current of 30 mA to Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922 biofilm-contaminated titanium substrates. Herein, it is evident that the treatment exhibited the potential use to enhance the susceptibility of bacterial biofilms for surface disinfection. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the ionic silver treatment of 60 min significantly increased the logarithmic reduction (LR) of bacterial populations on disinfectant-treated substrates and the electrical treatment enhanced the silver susceptibility of E. coli biofilms. The LR values after the ionic silver treatments and the electric-enhanced silver treatments were in the ranges of 1.94–2.25 and 2.10–2.73, respectively. The treatment was also associated with morphological changes in silver-treated E. coli cells and biofilm-contaminated titanium surfaces. Nevertheless, the treatments showed no cytotoxic effects on the L929 mouse skin fibroblast cell line and only a slight decrease in pH was observed during the electrical polarization of titanium substrate.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus responsible for bovine mastitis sensitivity to the essential oil of Algerian Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Bendella Amina nor elhouda ◽  
Ghazi Kheira ◽  
Meliani Samia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

AbstractThe aim of this study is to test two different methods for evaluating the in vitro antibacterial effect of Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut. essential oil against standard and clinical bacterial strains responsible for bovine mastitis: the disc diffusion method or the aromatogram which allows the demonstration of the antibacterial power of essential oils on the bacterial strains tested, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and two strains isolated from bovine mastitis milk S. aureus and E. coli. The inhibition activity of the essential oil of T. fontanesii on bacterial strains by the two methods shows that the antimicrobial power of this oil is very important and is characterized by bactericidal and bacteriostatic action against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The antimicrobial evaluation by the aromatogram showed good antibacterial activity against all the strains tested, the zones of inhibition of the bacteria were between 23,33±1,527mm and 37,5±3,535 mm. The search for minimum inhibitory concentrations MIC and bactericides CMB made it possible to quantitatively assess the antimicrobial power of this essential oil. In this work, the MIC was 0,625 µl/ml for all strains tested, and the lowest CMB was that of T. fontanesii against E. coli ATCC 25922 was 0,625 µl/ml.

scholarly journals STUDY ON BOVINE SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS ON FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ANTIBIOGRAM OF THE CAUSATIVE BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hasan ◽  
M. R. Islam ◽  
N. S. Runa ◽  
M, N. Hasan ◽  
A. H. M. M. Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and antibiogram of the causative bacteria in dairy cows at the Sylhet govt. Dairy Farm (SGDF) and Local Farms of Sylhet (LFS) during the period of July2014 to June2015. These farms were selected to assess the predominant types of bacteria involved in causing sub-clinical mastitis and to know the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of these bacterial isolates against the commonly used antibiotics and to study the economic effects due to SCM. Use of California Mastitis Test (CMT) for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis showed 42out of 100 samples were test positive, among which +(Trace) 22.0%, ++(Distinct) 12.0%, +++(Strong) 3.0%, ±(Doubtful) 5.0%.  Bacteriological examination of milk samples of 100 milch cows (400 quarters) revealed that 42 cows (42.0%) had suffering from SCM with different bacterial infection with 95% confidence limit was 32.1574-51.8426. Among 42 positive samples31 (31.0%) cows had mono-bacterial infection and 11 (11.0%) cows had mixed bacterial infections. Statistical analysis of the result of single and mixed bacterial infections in the milk of apparently healthy milch cows revealed that the single infection was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than mixed bacterial infection. Of the 31 mono-bacterial isolates, of which 23 (23.0%) isolates were Staphylococci, 3 (3.0%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 5 (5.0%) isolated Streptococcus spp. The 11 cows had mixed infection, of which 5 had Staphylococcus spp. + Streptococcus spp., 3 had E. coli + Staphylococcus spp., and 3 had Streptococcus spp. + E. coli. Of 42 positive cases of SCM Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 23 samples. Among these 23 positive samples 13 obtained from SGDF (37.14%) and 10 obtained from LFS (15.38%). Escherichia coli isolated from 3 samples. Among these 3 positive samples 3 obtained from LFS (4.62%). Streptococcus spp. isolated from 5 samples. Among these 5 positive samples 1 obtained from SGDF (2.86%) and 4 obtained from LFS (6.15%). Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the best drug for treating sub-clinical mastitis.

scholarly journals Escherichia Coli From Urine Samples of Pregnant Women as an Indicator for Antimicrobial Resistance in the Community: a Field Study From Rural Burkina Faso.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Post ◽  
I. Guiraud ◽  
M. Peeters ◽  
P. Lompo ◽  
S. Ombelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Abstract Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is mostly hospital-based and, in view of poor access to clinical microbiology, biased to more resistant pathogens. We assessed AMR among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urine cultures of pregnant women as an indicator for community AMR and compared the AMR results with those from E. coli isolates obtained from febrile patients in previously published clinical surveillance studies conducted within the same population in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso.Results: Between October 2016 – September 2018, midstream urine samples collected as part of routine antenatal in Nanoro district were cultured by a dipslide method and screened for antibiotic residues. Among 6018 consenting women (median (IQR) age 25 (20 - 30)), 84 (1.4%) were excluded because of symptoms of urinary tract infection and 96 (1.6%) screened positive for antibiotic residues. Significant growth - defined as a monoculture of Enterobacterales at counts of ≥ 104 colony forming units/ml – was observed in 202 (3.4%) cultures; E. coli represented 155 (76.7%) of isolates. Among these E. coli isolates, resistance rates to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were respectively 65.8%, 64.4% 16.2%, compared to 89.5%, 89.5% and 62.5% among E. coli from historical clinical isolates (n = 48 of which 45 from blood cultures). Proportions of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug resistance were 3.2% and 5.2% among E. coli isolates from urine in pregnant women versus 35.4%, and 60.4% respectively among clinical isolates. Adding urine culture to the routine urine analysis (protein and glucose) of antenatal was feasible. The dipslide culture method was affordable and user-friendly and allowed on-site inoculation and easy transport; challenges were contamination (midstream urine sampling) and the semi-quantitative reading. Conclusions: The E. coli isolates obtained from healthy pregnant women had significantly lower AMR rates compared to clinical E. coli isolates, probably reflecting the lower antibiotic pressure in the pregnant women population. Provided confirmation of the present findings in other settings, E. coli from urine samples in pregnant women may be a potential indicator for benchmarking, comparing, and monitoring community AMR rates across populations over different countries and regions.

scholarly journals Virulence Potential of a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain Belonging to the Emerging Clonal Group ST101-B1 Isolated from Bloodstream Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina M. Santos ◽  
Rosa M. Silva ◽  
Tiago B. Valiatti ◽  
Fernanda F. Santos ◽  
José F. Santos-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and T-zone lymphoma that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, previous studies showed that it did not have the usual characteristics of an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Instead, it belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and harbored few known virulence genes. To evaluate the pathogenic potential of strain EC121, an extensive genome sequencing and in vitro characterization of various pathogenicity-associated properties were performed. The genomic analysis showed that strain EC121 harbors more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters. It also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of epithelial cell lineages and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, EC121 was shown to be virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Furthermore, EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2. Completing the scenario, it belongs to serotype O154:H25 and to sequence type 101-B1, which has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections as well as to antimicrobial resistance spread. This study with E. coli strain EC121 shows that clinical isolates considered opportunistic might be true pathogens that go underestimated.

scholarly journals Virulence factors of Escherichia coli: an overview of animal and human infections with emphasis in bovine mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Simony Trevizan Guerra ◽  
Carolina Lechinski de Paula ◽  
Carmen Alicia Daza Bolaños ◽  
Rodrigo Tavanelli Hernandes ◽  
Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
The Impact

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the enteric microflora of human and animal. Intestinal and extra-intestinal infections caused by E. coli in mammals are characterized by the presence of diversity of virulence factors. In addition it can be isolated from environment surrounding human and animal farms. E. coli is the main environmental pathogen causing clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. It causes a wide range of disease severity, from changes seen exclusively in milk to severe systemic signs. The severity of clinical mastitis has been conventionally classified into three levels: mild (grade 1), moderate (score 2), and severe (score 3). Recently, reports of cases of bovine mastitis caused by environmental agents have been on the rise, in particular in countries that have succeeded in controlling contagious microorganisms. Unlike enteric and certain extra-enteric conditions in domestic animals and humans, the impact of virulence factors on the occurrence of bovine mastitis due to E. coli, as well as the clinical severity of the cases, is not fully understood. In this regard, the present study reviewed the most relevant virulence factors of E. coli in human and animals, with emphasis in bovine mastitis.

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