scholarly journals STUDY ON BOVINE SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS ON FARM CONDITION WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ANTIBIOGRAM OF THE CAUSATIVE BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hasan ◽  
M. R. Islam ◽  
N. S. Runa ◽  
M, N. Hasan ◽  
A. H. M. M. Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) and antibiogram of the causative bacteria in dairy cows at the Sylhet govt. Dairy Farm (SGDF) and Local Farms of Sylhet (LFS) during the period of July2014 to June2015. These farms were selected to assess the predominant types of bacteria involved in causing sub-clinical mastitis and to know the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of these bacterial isolates against the commonly used antibiotics and to study the economic effects due to SCM. Use of California Mastitis Test (CMT) for the detection of sub-clinical mastitis showed 42out of 100 samples were test positive, among which +(Trace) 22.0%, ++(Distinct) 12.0%, +++(Strong) 3.0%, ±(Doubtful) 5.0%.  Bacteriological examination of milk samples of 100 milch cows (400 quarters) revealed that 42 cows (42.0%) had suffering from SCM with different bacterial infection with 95% confidence limit was 32.1574-51.8426. Among 42 positive samples31 (31.0%) cows had mono-bacterial infection and 11 (11.0%) cows had mixed bacterial infections. Statistical analysis of the result of single and mixed bacterial infections in the milk of apparently healthy milch cows revealed that the single infection was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than mixed bacterial infection. Of the 31 mono-bacterial isolates, of which 23 (23.0%) isolates were Staphylococci, 3 (3.0%) isolates were Escherichia coli, 5 (5.0%) isolated Streptococcus spp. The 11 cows had mixed infection, of which 5 had Staphylococcus spp. + Streptococcus spp., 3 had E. coli + Staphylococcus spp., and 3 had Streptococcus spp. + E. coli. Of 42 positive cases of SCM Staphylococcus spp. isolated from 23 samples. Among these 23 positive samples 13 obtained from SGDF (37.14%) and 10 obtained from LFS (15.38%). Escherichia coli isolated from 3 samples. Among these 3 positive samples 3 obtained from LFS (4.62%). Streptococcus spp. isolated from 5 samples. Among these 5 positive samples 1 obtained from SGDF (2.86%) and 4 obtained from LFS (6.15%). Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were the best drug for treating sub-clinical mastitis.

scholarly journals Determination of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility among urinary Escherichia coli isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Rachana Kanaujia ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Malay Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections. For treatment of UTIs, there are limited antibiotics due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Two older antibiotics; Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin have become novel oral therapeutic options against uropathogens. Aim of the study was to identify UTI causing micro-organisms and evaluate in-vitro activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against most common isolated organism (E. coli).Methods: Results of urine samples culture and susceptibility testing over a period of 1 year were analysed and included in this study.Results: Micro-organisms were isolated from 568 urine samples. Most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (40.50%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.07%) and Staphylococcus spp. (17.07%). Susceptibility of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was 91.74% and 65.65% respectively. Conclusion: Good activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against E. coli indicates that these two drugs are potential therapeutic alternatives for urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Role of F1C Fimbriae, Flagella, and Secreted Bacterial Components in the Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 on Atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1801-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kleta ◽  
Marcel Nordhoff ◽  
Karsten Tedin ◽  
Lothar H. Wieler ◽  
Rafal Kolenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Initial Adhesion

ABSTRACTEnteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) is recognized as an important intestinal pathogen that frequently causes acute and persistent diarrhea in humans and animals. The use of probiotic bacteria to prevent diarrhea is gaining increasing interest. The probioticE. colistrain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is known to be effective in the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders. While bothin vitroandin vivostudies have described strong inhibitory effects of EcN on enteropathogenic bacteria, including pathogenicE. coli, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of EcN on infections of porcine intestinal epithelial cells with atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(aEPEC) with respect to single infection steps, including adhesion, microcolony formation, and the attaching and effacing phenotype. We show that EcN drastically reduced the infection efficiencies of aEPEC by inhibiting bacterial adhesion and growth of microcolonies, but not the attaching and effacing of adherent bacteria. The inhibitory effect correlated with EcN adhesion capacities and was predominantly mediated by F1C fimbriae, but also by H1 flagella, which served as bridges between EcN cells. Furthermore, EcN seemed to interfere with the initial adhesion of aEPEC to host cells by secretion of inhibitory components. These components do not appear to be specific to EcN, but we propose that the strong adhesion capacities enable EcN to secrete sufficient local concentrations of the inhibitory factors. The results of this study are consistent with a mode of action whereby EcN inhibits secretion of virulence-associated proteins of EPEC, but not their expression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine mastitis pathogens and antibioresistance of Escherichia coli isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
A. ZDRAGAS (Α. ΖΔΡΑΓΚΑΣ) ◽  
P. TSAKOS (Π. ΤΣΑΚΟΣ) ◽  
K. ANATOLIOTIS (Κ. ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΩΤΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Nine hundred and fifty two milk samples from clinical bovine mastitis cases, originated from 269 farms in Northern Greece, were tested. Escherichia coli was isolated in 49.3% of samples. Furthermore, Staphylococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp or a combination of the above bacteria were isolated. The bacteriological result from 4.3% of samples was negative. No correlation between clinical mastitis cases and seasonal variation was observed. Resistance of E. coli isolates to tetracycline was 82-96%, to enrofloxacin 10-30%, to gentamicin 58-80%, to cephalosporins 47-75%, to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime 46-81%, to ampicillin 71-92% and to neomycin 83-97%. The highest resistance rate and the appearance of multi-resistant isolates of E. coli (6%), to 8 antibacterials, were recorded during the last year of the survey.

scholarly journals Characteristics ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Bovine Mastitis Exposed to Subminimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Cefalotin or Ceftazidime

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Laidi Ding ◽  
Bo Han ◽  
Sofie Piepers ◽  
S. Ali Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coliis a major udder pathogen causing clinical mastitis in dairy cattle and its heat stable endotoxin in powdered infant formula milk is a potential risk factor in neonatal infections. Cephalosporins are frequently used for treatment of mastitis caused by mastitis; however, use of these antimicrobials may induce antimicrobial resistance inE. coli. The objective of this study was to explore thein vitroeffect of subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of cefalotin (CF) and ceftazidime (CAZ) on the morphology, antimicrobial resistance, and endotoxin releasing characteristics of 3E. coliisolates recovered from bovine clinical mastitis. The parentE. coliisolates, which were susceptible to CF and CAZ, were exposed to CF or CAZ separately at sub-MIC levels to produce 9 generations of induced isolates. Colonies of the CAZ-induced isolates from all 3 parentE. coliwere smaller on blood agar and the bacteria became filamentous, whereas the CF-induced isolates did not demonstrate prominent morphological changes. After induction by CF or CAZ, many induced isolates showed resistance to cefoxitin, CAZ, CF, kanamycin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid while their parent isolates were susceptible to these antimicrobials. Notably, 5 CAZ-induced isolates from the same parent isolate were found to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) though none of the tested ESBL related genes could be detected. All CAZ-induced isolates released more endotoxin with a higher release rate, whereas endotoxin release of CF-inducedE. coliisolates was not different from parent isolates. The exposure of cephalosporins at sub-MIC levels induced resistantEscherichia coli.We inferred that cephalosporins, especially CAZ, should be used prudently for treatment of clinicalE. colimastitis.

scholarly journals Reduction of Carriage of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle by Inoculation with Probiotic Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Michael P. Doyle ◽  
Barry G. Harmon ◽  
Cathy A. Brown ◽  
P. O. Eric Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Observation Period

Bacteria inhibitory to Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from cattle and evaluated for their potential for reducing carriage of E. coli O157:H7 in calves. Eighteen of 1,200 bacterial isolates from cattle feces and intestinal tissue samples were screened and determined to inhibit the growth of E. coliO157:H7 in vitro. Seventeen of the isolates were E. coli and one was Proteus mirabilis. None produced Shiga toxin. Genomic DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 13 distinguishable profiles among the 18 isolates. Two calves inoculated perorally with a mixture of all 18 isolates (1010 CFU) appeared to be normal and did not develop signs of clinical disease throughout a 25- to 27-day observation period. These bacteria colonized segments of the gastrointestinal tract and were in feces at the termination of the experiment (25 and 27 days postinoculation) at levels of 50 to 200 CFU/g. Fifteen cannulated calves were studied to determine the efficiency of the probiotic bacteria in reducing or eliminating the carriage of E. coli O157:H7. Nine calves served as controls, with each animal receiving perorally 1010 CFU ofE. coli O157:H7. E. coliO157:H7 was detected intermittently in the rumen samples from all control animals throughout 3 weeks postinoculation, whereasE. coli O157:H7 was shed at various levels in feces continuously throughout the experiment (mean, 28 days).E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from the rumens and colons of eight of nine and nine of nine calves, respectively, at the termination of the study. Six calves each received perorally 1010 CFU of probiotic bacteria and then 2 days later received 1010 CFU of E. coli O157:H7.E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the rumen for only 9 days postinoculation in two animals, for 16 days in one animal, for 17 days in two animals, and for 29 days in one animal. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in feces for only 11 days postinoculation in one animal, for 15 days in one animal, for 17 days in one animal, for 18 days in one animal, for 19 days in one animal, and for 29 days in one animal. At the end of the experiment (mean, 30 days), E. coli O157:H7 was not recovered from the rumen of any of the six animals treated with probiotic bacteria; however, E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from the feces of one of the animals. This animal was fasted twice postinoculation. These studies indicate that selected probiotic bacteria administered to cattle prior to exposure to E. coli O157:H7 can reduce the level of carriage ofE. coli O157:H7 in most animals.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENETIC GROUP OF ESCHERICHIA COLI IN URINE OF CHILDREN ATTENDING A MATERNAL AND CHILD CENTRE, LAGOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Anotu Mopelola Deji-Agboola ◽  
Esther Abieyuwa Utomwen ◽  
Olubunmi Adetokunbo Osinupebi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Very High

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections causing significant morbidity in children. This study determines the phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli  isolated from the urine of children attending Maternal and Child Centre,  Amuwo-Odofin, Lagos State. Clean voided midstream urine sample collected  from 215 children aged five years and below . The urine samples were culture on Mac Conkey and blood agar, bacterial 5counts greater than or equal to 1 x 10CFU/ml were regarded as positive for UTI. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using standard methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to classify the isolated E. coli into A, B1, B2 and D phylogenetic groups using presence or absence of ChuA, Yja A and TspE4C2. The prevalence of UTI was 51.2% with preponderance in male 62.7% aged 24 – 35months 75.0%. Staphylococcus aureus 19.1% followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12.7% and Escherichia coli10.0% were common bacterial isolates. The isolates were highly resistant to Augmentin (71.8%) and Ampicillin 91.8%; the Escherichia coli were resistant to Augmentin 54.5% and Ampicillin 100%. The E. coli were classed into B1,A, and D phylogenetic groups with percentages of 54.5%27.3% and 18.2% respectively. , The prevalence of bacteria UTI among children in this study was very high, the isolates were highly resistant to the antibiotics tested, the E.coli belong to phylogenetic groups A, B1 and D and all were resistant to Ampicillin.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Isolates from Dogs and Cats in a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Colombia from 2016–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
David A. Gómez-Beltrán ◽  
David Villar ◽  
Sara López-Osorio ◽  
Duncan Ferguson ◽  
Laura K. Monsalve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The susceptibility to antimicrobials of bacterial isolates from dogs (n = 1256) and cats (n = 94) was retrospectively evaluated in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory over a 4-year period (2016–2019). Out of 1316 isolates in dogs, 771 were Staphylococcus spp. distributed as follows: Staph. pseudointermedius (n = 406), Staph. intermedius (n = 160), Staph. aureus (n = 104), and Staph. coagulase-negative (n = 101). In common, all Staphylococcus spp. showed a high prevalence (20–50%) of resistance to ampicillin, cephalosporin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfonamide, but a low prevalence (1–10%) of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate. With regards to the other families of bacteria, the number of antimicrobials for which resistance was high (>20%) in dogs was: Enterobacteriaceae (7/12), Enterococcus spp. (10/16), E. coli (11/15), Pseudomonas spp. (10/13), and Streptococcus spp. (4/9). For urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.), amikacin and florfenicol were the only drugs that demonstrated 100% in vitro efficacy. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 18.7% (246/1316) and 22% (21/97) of the isolates from dogs and cats, respectively. Except for Pseudomonas spp., known for intrinsic resistance, resistance in other bacteria was likely attributed to high selection pressure. In conclusion, empirical antimicrobial use cannot be recommended to treat most common infections, and selection should be based on results from susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals Mutant Prevention Concentration Siprofloksasin Terhadap Escherichia coli Patogen dari Kloaka Broiler Secara In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Maria Fatima Palupi ◽  
Eli Nugraha ◽  
Meutia Hayati ◽  
Neneng Atikah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Single Step ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mutant Prevention Concentration ◽  
Production Animals

Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) is an in vitro test used to determine the lowest drug concentration needed to inhibit the growth of a single-step-mutant bacterial subpopulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the MPC value of ciprofloxacin against pathogenic Escherichia coli to obtained the range of mutant selection windows (MSW) of ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone group that is included in the Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine but is also used for the treatment of bacterial infections in production animals. Twenty-four of pathogenic E. coli isolates sensitive to ciprofloxacin were tested to obtain MPC values and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Test the MPC and MIC values to get the MSW range is done by the method of agar dilution. Mueller-Hinton agar containing standard ciprofloxacin was inoculated with 1010 cfu E. coli for the MPC test and 104 for the MIC test. Based on the MPC test results, the MPC value of ciprofloxacin was 4-64 μg / mL (22.96 ± 19.07 μg / mL) and there was one isolate which had an MPC> 256 μg / mL. These results give a wide range of MSW with a lower limit of the MIC value of 0.25 - 2 µg / mL (0.55 ± 0.37 µg / mL) to the upper limit of the MPC value of 4-64 µg / mL (22.96 ± 19.07 μg / mL). Based on the results of this MPC assessment it can be concluded that the dose of ciprofloxacin in production animals has a wide range of MSW that is allow for single-step mutants.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Targets and Restrains Mouse B16 Melanoma and 4T1 Breast Tumors through Expression of Azurin Protein

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (21) ◽  
pp. 7603-7610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlei Zhang ◽  
Youming Zhang ◽  
Liqiu Xia ◽  
Xiangli Zhang ◽  
Xuezhi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice

ABSTRACTMany studies have demonstrated that intravenously administered bacteria can target and proliferate in solid tumors and then quickly be released from other organs. Here, we employed the tumor-targeting property ofEscherichia coliNissle 1917 to inhibit mouse B16 melanoma and 4T1 breast tumors through the expression of azurin protein. For this purpose, recombinant azurin-expressingE. coliNissle 1917 was developed. The levels ofin vitroandin vivoazurin secretion in the engineered bacterium were determined by immunochemistry. Our results demonstrated that B16 melanoma and orthotopic 4T1 breast tumor growth were remarkably restrained and pulmonary metastasis was prevented in immunocompetent mice. It is worth noting that this therapeutic effect partially resulted from the antitumor activity of neutrophils and lymphocytes due to inflammatory responses caused by bacterial infections. No toxicity was observed in the animal during the experiments. This study indicates thatE. coliNissle 1917 could be a potential carrier to deliver antitumor drugs effectively for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of a Phage Cocktail Controlling Infections with Escherichia coli

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Imke H. E. Korf ◽  
Sophie Kittler ◽  
Anna Bierbrodt ◽  
Ruth Mengden ◽  
Christine Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phage Cocktail

Worldwide, poultry industry suffers from infections caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Therapeutic failure due to resistant bacteria is of increasing concern and poses a threat to human and animal health. This causes a high demand to find alternatives to fight bacterial infections in animal farming. Bacteriophages are being especially considered for the control of multi-drug resistant bacteria due to their high specificity and lack of serious side effects. Therefore, the study aimed on characterizing phages and composing a phage cocktail suitable for the prevention of infections with E. coli. Six phages were isolated or selected from our collections and characterized individually and in combination with regard to host range, stability, reproduction, and efficacy in vitro. The cocktail consisting of six phages was able to inhibit formation of biofilms by some E. coli strains but not by all. Phage-resistant variants arose when bacterial cells were challenged with a single phage but not when challenged by a combination of four or six phages. Resistant variants arising showed changes in carbon metabolism and/or motility. Genomic comparison of wild type and phage-resistant mutant E28.G28R3 revealed a deletion of several genes putatively involved in phage adsorption and infection.

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