scholarly journals Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Uritu ◽  
Cosmin T. Mihai ◽  
Gabriela-Dumitrita Stanciu ◽  
Gianina Dodi ◽  
Teodora Alexa-Stratulat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Active Compounds

Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or antinociceptive drugs in traditional therapy is estimated to be about 80% of the world population. The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbal families, incorporates a wide variety of plants with biological and medical applications. In this study, the analgesic activity, possible active compounds of Lamiaceae genus, and also the possible mechanism of actions of these plants are presented. The data highlighted in this review paper provide valuable scientific information for the specific implications of Lamiaceae plants in pain modulation that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future and formulation of commercial therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ARTICLE ON PANDU W.S.R. ANAEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150
Author(s):  
Shivam Kumar Nigam ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterized by the changes in the skin colour to white (Shweta), yellowish (Peeta), greenish (Harita) etc. which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga" i.e., a disease characterized by the change in the colour. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda can be co-related with Anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. In Modern Medicine, Pandu is a pale appearance which may be due to the decreased blood supply to the skin or de- creased visibility of oxyhemoglobin. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nu- tritional deficiency disorder in the world. This article presents the Ayurvedic concept of Pandu Roga (Anaemia). Keywords: Pandu, Vyadhi, Srotas, Anaemia, Pallor,

scholarly journals Estimate of Anemia with New Non-Invasive Systems—A Moment of Reflection

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Dimauro ◽  
Serena De Ruvo ◽  
Federica Di Terlizzi ◽  
Angelo Ruggieri ◽  
Vincenzo Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Critical Issues

Anemia is a global public health problem with major consequences for human health. About a quarter of the world population shows a hemoglobin concentration that is below the recommended thresholds. Non-invasive methods for monitoring and identifying potential risk of anemia and smartphone-based devices to perform this task are promising in addressing this pathology. We have considered some well-known studies carried out on this topic since the main purpose of this work was not to produce a review. The first group of papers describes the approaches for the clinical evaluation of anemia focused on different human exposed tissues, while we used a second group to overview some technologies, basic methods, and principles of operation of some devices and highlight some technical problems. Results extracted from the second group of papers examined were aggregated in two comparison tables. A growing interest in this topic is demonstrated by the increasing number of papers published recently. We believe we have identified several critical issues in the published studies, including those published by us. Just as an example, in many papers the dataset used is not described. With this paper we wish to open a discussion on these issues. Few papers have been sufficient to highlight differences in the experimental conditions and this makes the comparison of the results difficult. Differences are also found in the identification of the regions of interest in the tissue, descriptions of the datasets, and other boundary conditions. These critical issues are discussed together with open problems and common mistakes that probably we are making. We propose the definition of a road-map and a common agenda for research on this topic. In this sense, we want to highlight here some issues that seem worthy of common discussion and the subject of synergistic agreements. This paper, and in particular, the discussion could be the starting point for an open debate about the dissemination of our experiments and pave the way for further updates and improvements of what we have outlined.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Salmonella, Shigella, and Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factor among Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria, Dilla, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuma Diriba ◽  
Ephrem Awulachew ◽  
Zemach Ashuro
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background. Food-borne disease is mostly caused by unsafe food handling and processing as well as poor hygienic practice. Recently, it is a worldwide and local burden to the human health. It is estimated that about one-third of the world population is affected by food-borne diseases annually and become a global public health problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of Shigella, Salmonella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers in Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to September 2018/2019. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data on sociodemographic characteristics. Parasite and bacterial identification, as well as susceptibility testing, was done using standard parasitological and bacteriological procedures. Results. Of the total 220 food handlers included in the study, 38.6%, 9.5%, and 3.2% were positive for intestinal parasites, Salmonella, and Shigella species, respectively. A. lumbricoides (11.4%) was the predominant parasite isolated followed by E. histolytica (7.7%). From the total Salmonella isolates, serogroup D was the most frequent isolate and from the total Shigella species, Shigella flexneri was the predominant isolate. In this study, through irregular medical checkups, those who drunk unpasteurized milk and ate raw meat were significantly associated with intestinal parasites. Both Salmonella and Shigella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (81%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (>70%). Salmonella isolates are highly sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, while Shigella is highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. MDR was recorded in 71.4% of all bacterial isolates. Conclusion. The presence of a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, Salmonella, and Shigella species that were resistant to the commonly prescribed drugs is a treat to the children and the community at large. Therefore, measures including health education, improvement of safe water supply, sanitation facilities, and continuous monitoring of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance are crucial.

scholarly journals A Review on the Most Important Medicinal Plants Effective in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnoosh Sedighi ◽  
Robert D. E. Sewell ◽  
Afshin Nazari ◽  
Saber Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mostafa Cheraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Ischemic Disease

: Ischemia, referring to reduction and restriction of perfusion to myocardial tissue which involves coronary artery through the formation of misplaced clots and thrombosis, is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases. Plant-based compounds help to improve or prevent disease by affecting the factors involved in the disease. This review was conducted to report the medicinal plants and factors effective in cardiac ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury to supplement the knowledge about this disease and its prevention and treatment using certain medicinal plants and their active compounds. For this purpose, medicinal plants and their potential antioxidant activities, effects on lipid levels and plaque formation, atherosclerosis and development of cardiovascular diseases and ischemia were reviewed. Methods: To conduct this review, relevant articles published between 1983 and 2018 were retrieved from the Google Scholar, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Web of Science, and Scopus using search terms antioxidant, ischemia, reperfusion, heart, infarct, inflammation, cholesterol and medicinal plants. Then, the eligible articles were reviewed. Results: The active compounds of plants, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds, can be effective on certain pathogenic factors particularly in decreasing cholesterol and blood pressure, preventing an increase in free radicals and ultimately reducing blood clots and vascular resistance to reduce and prevent ischemic disease and its harmful effects. Conclusion: Medicinal plants discussed in this article seem to be able to prevent cardiac damage and the disease progression via affecting the factors that are involved in ischemia.

scholarly journals Artemisinins and synthetic peroxides as highly efficient antimalarials

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Milos Opsenica ◽  
Bogdan Aleksandar Šolaja
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Resistance Stability ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Fast Acting

Malaria is devastating disease and global public health problem, with nearly half world population exposed to risk. Illness is caused by five Plasmodium species, P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malarie and P. knowlesi, from which P. falciparum is the most serious one causing cerebral malaria and is the major reason for malaria mortality. Vaccine against malaria is not expected in the near future and chemotherapy remains as most feasible alternative for treatment of the disease. The development of widespread drug-resistance to chloroquine (CQ), the most successful antimalarial drug up to date, has resulted in severe health issues for countries in malaria endemic regions. Organic peroxides, like artemisinins, 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes and their chimeras, are the best choice for malaria treatment nowadays.  These therapeutics are fast acting, non-toxic, low costing and without reported data of parasite resistance. Stability of peroxide bonds enables synthetic comfort and resulting in diversity of synthesised structures. The most important classes of peroxide antimalarials with promising representatives are reviewed and possible mechanisms of action were presented in details.

scholarly journals Tackling the threat of antimicrobial resistance: from policy to sustainable action

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1670) ◽  
pp. 20140082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Shallcross ◽  
Simon J. Howard ◽  
Tom Fowler ◽  
Sally C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution

Antibiotics underpin all of modern medicine, from routine major surgery through to caesarean sections and modern cancer therapies. These drugs have revolutionized how we practice medicine, but we are in a constant evolutionary battle to evade microbial resistance and this has become a major global public health problem. We have overused and misused these essential medicines both in the human and animal health sectors and this threatens the effectiveness of antimicrobials for future generations. We can only address the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through international collaboration across human and animal health sectors integrating social, economic and behavioural factors. Our global organizations are rising to the challenge with the recent World Health Assembly resolution on AMR and development of the Global Action plan but we must act now to avoid a return to a pre-antibiotic era.

scholarly journals Neurological complications in dengue infection: a review for clinical practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Puccioni-Sohler ◽  
Carolina Rosadas ◽  
Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health

Dengue is an important global public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that 2/5 of entire world population are in risk of dengue infection. Almost 50 millions cases occur annually, with at least 20 thousand deaths. The etiological agent of this acute febrile disease is a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus of Flavivirus genus. It is an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus). Most infected individuals present asymptomatic infection, but some may develop clinical signs. Therefore, a wide spectrum of illness can be observed, ranging from unapparent, mild disease, called dengue fever, to a severe and occasionally fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Currently, neurological manifestations related to dengue infections are increasingly been observed and appears as a challenge for medical practice. In this study the neurological complications of dengue infection will be reviewed, focusing a better understanding of the disease for the clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Role of Brief Global Cognitive Tests and Neuropsychological Expertise in the Detection and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Riello ◽  
Elena Rusconi ◽  
Barbara Treccani
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Detection Stage ◽  
Aging World ◽  
Differential Diagnosis Of Dementia

Dementia is a global public health problem and its impact is bound to increase in the next decades, with a rapidly aging world population. Dementia is by no means an obligatory outcome of aging, although its incidence increases exponentially in old age, and its onset may be insidious. In the absence of unequivocal biomarkers, the accuracy of cognitive profiling plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of this condition. In this Perspective article, we highlight the utility of brief global cognitive tests in the diagnostic process, from the initial detection stage for which they are designed, through the differential diagnosis of dementia. We also argue that neuropsychological training and expertise are critical in order for the information gathered from these omnibus cognitive tests to be used in an efficient and effective way, and thus, ultimately, for them to fulfill their potential.

scholarly journals ANTI HEPATITIS C ACTIVITY AND TOXICITY OF Scoparia dulcis LINN. HERB

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Adita Ayu Permanasari ◽  
Laila Nur Hidayatus ◽  
Lidya Tumewu ◽  
Tutik Sri Wahyuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Virion Release ◽  
Post Entry

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem since HCV is the ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that  easy to mutate. The HCV standard treatment  has rapidly developed but the possibility of resistance and effectiveness of treatment needs to be considered. The medicinal plants are a source of various compounds that may potentially cure diseases including infectious diseases. Since a long years ago, medicinal plants were famous as an inherited treatment that believed to cure the disease. One of the medicinal plants is Scoparia dulcis (S. dulcis) that belongs to Scrophulariaceae family and traditionally used as remedies for digestive problems, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, bronchitis, and as an analgesic & antipyretic agent. The previous report showed that S. dulcis was known active as an antiviral against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the study is to determine the biactivity potential of S. dulcis against HCV. Scoparia dulcis was extracted using 80% ethanol (EE) then further separated by liquid-liquid fractionation using dichloromethane (DCMF), ethyl acetate (EAF), butanol solvent (BF) and water (WF). The in vitro anti-HCV analysis was performed with Huh7it cells and HCV JFH1 (genotype 2a) by determining inhibition concentration 50 (IC50). The toxicity (Cytotoxicity Concentration 50, CC50) test was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and mechanism of action were analyzed using time addition experiment.   Phytochemical groups as the suspected active compounds of S. dulcis were identified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and observed under UV 254 nm, UV 365 nm, before and after sprayed using H2SO4 10% and heated at 105oC for 5 minutes. The IC50 test result of 80% EE and DCMF showed anti-HCV activity with a value of 12.7±4.8 µg/ml and 5.8±0.69 µg/ml, while EAF, BF, and AF respectively resulted in IC50 value of  >100 µg/ml that suggested there was no inhibition effect on HCV JFH1.  The DCMF was the most active fraction but toxic to the cell with CC50 value >23 µg/ml and selectivity index (SI) >3.9. According to the time addition experiment data, DCMF of S. dulcis inhibited post entry step HCV JFH1 infection that it means the possibility was to inhibit virus replication and or virion release. Scoparia dulcis contain chlorophyll, flavonoids and terpenoids as the suspected active compounds for inhibition of HCV JFH1 infecton. Futher study of post-entry inhibitions of HCV infection was needed.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: History, Stages, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Fauzi Al-Rubaye ◽  
Mohanad Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Natural Drugs

The pharmacological mechanisms of the medicinal plants traditionally used for RA in Persian medicine are discussed in the current review. Further investigations are mandatory to focus on bioefficacy of these phytochemicals for finding novel natural drugs. Rheumatoid arthritis is chronic, progressive, disabling autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation of joints, damaging cartilage and bone around the joints. It is a systemic disease which means that it can affect the whole body and internal organs such as lungs, heart and eyes. Although numbers of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis but they have adverse effect that can compromise the therapeutic treatment. Unfortunately, there is still no effective known medicinal treatment that cures rheumatoid arthritis as the modern medicine can only treat the symptoms of this disease that means to relieve pain and inflammation of joints. It is possible to use the herbs and plants in various forms in order to relieve the pain and inflammation in the joints. There are so many medicinal plants that have shown anti rheumatoid arthritis properties. So the plants and plant product with significant advantages are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present review is focused on the medicinal plants having anti rheumatoid arthritis activity

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