scholarly journals Estimate of Anemia with New Non-Invasive Systems—A Moment of Reflection

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Dimauro ◽  
Serena De Ruvo ◽  
Federica Di Terlizzi ◽  
Angelo Ruggieri ◽  
Vincenzo Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Critical Issues

Anemia is a global public health problem with major consequences for human health. About a quarter of the world population shows a hemoglobin concentration that is below the recommended thresholds. Non-invasive methods for monitoring and identifying potential risk of anemia and smartphone-based devices to perform this task are promising in addressing this pathology. We have considered some well-known studies carried out on this topic since the main purpose of this work was not to produce a review. The first group of papers describes the approaches for the clinical evaluation of anemia focused on different human exposed tissues, while we used a second group to overview some technologies, basic methods, and principles of operation of some devices and highlight some technical problems. Results extracted from the second group of papers examined were aggregated in two comparison tables. A growing interest in this topic is demonstrated by the increasing number of papers published recently. We believe we have identified several critical issues in the published studies, including those published by us. Just as an example, in many papers the dataset used is not described. With this paper we wish to open a discussion on these issues. Few papers have been sufficient to highlight differences in the experimental conditions and this makes the comparison of the results difficult. Differences are also found in the identification of the regions of interest in the tissue, descriptions of the datasets, and other boundary conditions. These critical issues are discussed together with open problems and common mistakes that probably we are making. We propose the definition of a road-map and a common agenda for research on this topic. In this sense, we want to highlight here some issues that seem worthy of common discussion and the subject of synergistic agreements. This paper, and in particular, the discussion could be the starting point for an open debate about the dissemination of our experiments and pave the way for further updates and improvements of what we have outlined.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants of the Family Lamiaceae in Pain Therapy: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M. Uritu ◽  
Cosmin T. Mihai ◽  
Gabriela-Dumitrita Stanciu ◽  
Gianina Dodi ◽  
Teodora Alexa-Stratulat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
World Population ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Active Compounds

Recently, numerous side effects of synthetic drugs have lead to using medicinal plants as a reliable source of new therapy. Pain is a global public health problem with a high impact on life quality and a huge economic implication, becoming one of the most important enemies in modern medicine. The medicinal use of plants as analgesic or antinociceptive drugs in traditional therapy is estimated to be about 80% of the world population. The Lamiaceae family, one of the most important herbal families, incorporates a wide variety of plants with biological and medical applications. In this study, the analgesic activity, possible active compounds of Lamiaceae genus, and also the possible mechanism of actions of these plants are presented. The data highlighted in this review paper provide valuable scientific information for the specific implications of Lamiaceae plants in pain modulation that might be used for isolation of potentially active compounds from some of these medicinal plants in future and formulation of commercial therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Salmonella, Shigella, and Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factor among Food Handlers in Dilla University Student Cafeteria, Dilla, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuma Diriba ◽  
Ephrem Awulachew ◽  
Zemach Ashuro
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background. Food-borne disease is mostly caused by unsafe food handling and processing as well as poor hygienic practice. Recently, it is a worldwide and local burden to the human health. It is estimated that about one-third of the world population is affected by food-borne diseases annually and become a global public health problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of Shigella, Salmonella, and intestinal parasites among food handlers in Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November to September 2018/2019. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data on sociodemographic characteristics. Parasite and bacterial identification, as well as susceptibility testing, was done using standard parasitological and bacteriological procedures. Results. Of the total 220 food handlers included in the study, 38.6%, 9.5%, and 3.2% were positive for intestinal parasites, Salmonella, and Shigella species, respectively. A. lumbricoides (11.4%) was the predominant parasite isolated followed by E. histolytica (7.7%). From the total Salmonella isolates, serogroup D was the most frequent isolate and from the total Shigella species, Shigella flexneri was the predominant isolate. In this study, through irregular medical checkups, those who drunk unpasteurized milk and ate raw meat were significantly associated with intestinal parasites. Both Salmonella and Shigella species were highly resistant to ampicillin (81%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (>70%). Salmonella isolates are highly sensitive to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, while Shigella is highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. MDR was recorded in 71.4% of all bacterial isolates. Conclusion. The presence of a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, Salmonella, and Shigella species that were resistant to the commonly prescribed drugs is a treat to the children and the community at large. Therefore, measures including health education, improvement of safe water supply, sanitation facilities, and continuous monitoring of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance are crucial.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Target Location Methods for Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Runhua Wang ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Location Methods

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a substantial global public health problem in need of novel and effective treatment strategies. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and promising treatment for depression that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, the methodological weaknesses of existing work impairs the universal clinical use of rTMS. The variation of stimulated targets across the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may account for most of the heterogeneity in the efficacy of rTMS. Many rTMS target location methods for MDD have been developed in recent decades. This review was conducted to assess this emerging field and to improve treatment outcomes in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Artemisinins and synthetic peroxides as highly efficient antimalarials

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Milos Opsenica ◽  
Bogdan Aleksandar Šolaja
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Resistance Stability ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Fast Acting

Malaria is devastating disease and global public health problem, with nearly half world population exposed to risk. Illness is caused by five Plasmodium species, P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malarie and P. knowlesi, from which P. falciparum is the most serious one causing cerebral malaria and is the major reason for malaria mortality. Vaccine against malaria is not expected in the near future and chemotherapy remains as most feasible alternative for treatment of the disease. The development of widespread drug-resistance to chloroquine (CQ), the most successful antimalarial drug up to date, has resulted in severe health issues for countries in malaria endemic regions. Organic peroxides, like artemisinins, 1,2,4-trioxanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes and their chimeras, are the best choice for malaria treatment nowadays.  These therapeutics are fast acting, non-toxic, low costing and without reported data of parasite resistance. Stability of peroxide bonds enables synthetic comfort and resulting in diversity of synthesised structures. The most important classes of peroxide antimalarials with promising representatives are reviewed and possible mechanisms of action were presented in details.

scholarly journals Neurological complications in dengue infection: a review for clinical practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Puccioni-Sohler ◽  
Carolina Rosadas ◽  
Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Public Health

Dengue is an important global public health problem. The World Health Organization estimates that 2/5 of entire world population are in risk of dengue infection. Almost 50 millions cases occur annually, with at least 20 thousand deaths. The etiological agent of this acute febrile disease is a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus of Flavivirus genus. It is an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus). Most infected individuals present asymptomatic infection, but some may develop clinical signs. Therefore, a wide spectrum of illness can be observed, ranging from unapparent, mild disease, called dengue fever, to a severe and occasionally fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Currently, neurological manifestations related to dengue infections are increasingly been observed and appears as a challenge for medical practice. In this study the neurological complications of dengue infection will be reviewed, focusing a better understanding of the disease for the clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Anemia in the Adult Working Population of Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovanka Kolarović ◽  
Jelena Ćulafić ◽  
Velibor Čabarkapa ◽  
Nada Vučković ◽  
Dejan Vučković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Macrocytic Anemia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normocytic Anemia ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Mild Anemia

Abstract Background: Anemia is a global public health problem of endemic proportions, especially in women, and with serious health consequences. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria as hemoglobin concentration <130 g/L for men and <120 g/L for women. The incidence of anemia varies between regions, so the aim of the study was to determine the incidence of anemia in a randomly selected sample of adult working individuals of both sexes, in Vojvodina. Methods: The study included a total of 6087 subjects (4658 men and 1429 non-pregnant women) aged 18-65 years who presented for a regular checkup at the Public Health Institute of Vojvodina. Blood specimen collection was performed by antecubital venipuncture in all subjects. Results: The results showed that the incidence of anemia in adults in Vojvodina was 7.7%, and it was more frequent in women (20%) than in men (3.86%). The most frequent was normocytic anemia, whereas microcytic anemia was less prevalent. Macrocytic anemia was found in only 3.3% of subjects, exclusively in women. The greatest proportion of anemic subjects, regardless of sex, had hemoglobin levels that indicated mild anemia (Hb 100-119 g/L for women, and 100-129 g/L for men). Only 4% of men and 12% of women had Hb levels that indicated the presence of moderate or severe anemia (≤100 g/L). Conclusions: Considering the medical, social and economic consequences anemia may produce, identification of risk factors and application of adequate preventive measures should be a public health priority.

scholarly journals Hematological changes in patients of chronic renal failure and the effect of hemodialysis on these parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4998
Author(s):  
Anwar Habib ◽  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Sana Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Leucocyte Count ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hematological Changes

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CRD) is a global public health problem, where slowly progressive deterioration in kidney function lead to numerous hematological and biochemical dysfunction which further make the patients vulnerable to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality if appropriate measures is not taken for their control. The aim of present study was to find out the common hematological dysfunction that may occur in the patients of chronic renal failure (CRF) and in the process of dialysis and suggest appropriate measures for their management.Methods: Forty-two patient with CRF and on regular maintenance dialysis and 40 healthy adults were recruited into the study. Hemoglobin concentration, total red cell count, total white blood cell count and platelet count and ESR were assessed for the subjects and controls. Results were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 version.Results: showed that the RBC count, hemoglobin levels and platelets counts are significantly reduced in the patients of chronic renal failure and the process of hemodialysis further decreases the level of all the above mentioned hematological parameters whereas there is slight increase in total leucocyte count but significant increase in ESR was detected.Conclusions: Chronic renal failure is associated with different degrees of abnormality in hematological parameters that needs careful evaluation and management.

scholarly journals Assessment of diet-related changes on albendazole absorption, systemic exposure and pattern of urinary excretion in treated human volunteers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ceballos ◽  
E. Nieves ◽  
M. Juárez ◽  
R. Aveldaño ◽  
M. Travacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Systemic Availability ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Soil-Transmitted-Helminth (STH) infections are a persistent global public health problem. Control strategies for STH have been based on the use of mass drug administration (MDA) mainly targeting pre-school and school-aged-children, although there is increasing interest in expanding treatment to include adults and others through community-wide MDA. Coverage assessment is critical to understanding the real effectiveness of albendazole (ALB) treatment in those MDA programs. The work described here aims to a) evaluate the effect of type of diet (heavy or a light meal) and fasting before ALB treatment on the systemic disposition of ALB and its metabolites in treated human volunteers and, b) to evaluate the potential feasibility of detecting albendazole metabolites in urine. The data reported here demonstrate that the systemic availability of the active ALB-sulphoxide (ALBSO) metabolite was enhanced more than two-fold after food ingestion (both, a heavy or a light meal). ALB dissolution improvement related to the ingestion of food may modify the amount of drug/metabolites reaching the parasite, affecting drug efficacy and the overall success of MDA strategies. The measurement in urine samples of the amino-ALB-sulphone (NHALBSO 2 ) derivative and ALBSO for up to 96 hours suggests that it may be feasible to develop a non-invasive tool to evaluate compliance/adherence to ALB treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Brief Global Cognitive Tests and Neuropsychological Expertise in the Detection and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Riello ◽  
Elena Rusconi ◽  
Barbara Treccani
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Detection Stage ◽  
Aging World ◽  
Differential Diagnosis Of Dementia

Dementia is a global public health problem and its impact is bound to increase in the next decades, with a rapidly aging world population. Dementia is by no means an obligatory outcome of aging, although its incidence increases exponentially in old age, and its onset may be insidious. In the absence of unequivocal biomarkers, the accuracy of cognitive profiling plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of this condition. In this Perspective article, we highlight the utility of brief global cognitive tests in the diagnostic process, from the initial detection stage for which they are designed, through the differential diagnosis of dementia. We also argue that neuropsychological training and expertise are critical in order for the information gathered from these omnibus cognitive tests to be used in an efficient and effective way, and thus, ultimately, for them to fulfill their potential.

Modulation of the drug resistance by Platonia insignis Mart. extract, ethyl acetate fraction and Morelloflavone/Volkensiflavone (biflavonoids) in Staphylococcus aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Kelly Ferreira e Silva ◽  
Antonielly Campinho dos Reis ◽  
Emanuelly Elanny Andrade Pinheiroc ◽  
Jonas Nascimento de Sousa ◽  
Felipe Araújo de Alcântara Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations

Background: Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem, which requires urgent attention. Platonia insignis is a native species from the eastern Brazilian Amazon, used in the treatment of burns and wounds. Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. insignis (PIHA), the ethyl acetate fraction (PIAE), and its subfraction containing a mixture of biflavonoids (BF). Moreover, the effect of these natural products on the antibiotic activity against S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pump genes was also evaluated. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined against different species of microorganisms. To evaluate the modulatory effect on the Norfloxacin-resistance, the MIC of this antibiotic was determined in the absence and presence of the natural products at subinhibitory concentrations. Inhibition of the EtBr efflux assays were conducted in the absence or presence of the natural products. Results: PIHA showed a microbicidal effect against S. aureus and C. albicans, while PIAE was bacteriosctatic for S. aureus. PIAE and BF at subinhibitory concentrations were able to reduce the MIC of Norfloxacin acting as modulating agents. BF was able to inhibit the efflux of EtBr efflux in S. aureus strains overexpressing specific efflux pump genes. Conclusion: P. inignisis a source of efflux pump inhibitors, including volkensiflavone and morelloflavone which were able to potentiate the Norfloxacin activity by NorA inhibition, being also able to inhibit QacA/B, TetK and MsrA. Volkensiflavone and morelloflavone could be used as adjuvant in the antibiotic therapy of multidrug resistant S. aureus strains overexpressing efflux pumps.

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