scholarly journals Virulence Factor Genes Incidence among Enterococci from Sewage Sludge in Eastern Slovakia following Safety Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Andrea Lauková ◽  
Viola Strompfová ◽  
Jana Ščerbová ◽  
Monika Pogány Simonová
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Safety Aspect ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Genus Identification ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

The sewage sludges represent a potential health hazard because of the quantity of different microbiota detected in sewages. Among microbiota detected in sewages, also belong representatives of the phylum Firmicutes. In the past, environmental enterococci in addition to coliforms were widely used as indicators of faecal contamination. Regarding the enterococcal strains as potential pathogenic bacteria, their pathogenicity is mainly caused by production of virulence factors. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyse incidence of virulence factors in enterococci from cows' dung water. Species identification of 24 enterococci using MALDI-TOF MS system allotted 23 strains to the species Enterococcus faecium with highly probable species identification and E. faecalis EEV20 with a score value meaning secure genus identification/probable species identification. Enterococci were absent of cytolysin A gene, hyaluronidase gene, and element IS gene. It can be concluded that they are not invasive which is very important from safety aspect. The most frequently detected gene was adhesin E. faecium (efaAfm, in 22 E. faecium strains and in one E. faecalis). Adhesin efaAfs gene was detected in E. faecalis EEV20 and in two E. faecium. GelE gene was present in three strains. E. faecium EF/EC31 was absent of virulence factor genes.

scholarly journals Environmental Surveillance and Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Coastal Beaches and Rivers on the Island of Hawaiʻi

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Gerken ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts ◽  
Philip Dykema ◽  
Geoff Melly ◽  
Darren Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Coastal Beach

Staphylococcus aureus are human facultative pathogenic bacteria and can be found as contaminants in the environment. The aim of our study was to determine whether methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolated from coastal beach and river waters, anchialine pools, sand, and wastewater on the island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi, are a potential health risk. Samples were collected from three regions on Hawaiʻi Island from July to December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic and were characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). From WGS data, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec type, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and plasmids were identified. Of the 361 samples, 98.1% were positive for Staphylococcus spp. and 7.2% were S. aureus positive (n = 26); nine MRSA and 27 MSSA strains were characterized; multiple isolates were chosen from the same sample in two sand and seven coastal beach water samples. The nine MRSA isolates were multi-drug resistant (6–9 genes) sequence type (ST) 8, clonal complex (CC) 8, SCCmec type IVa (USA300 clone), and were clonally related (0–16 SNP differences), and carried 16–19 virulence factors. The 27 MSSA isolates were grouped into eight CCs and 12 STs. Seventy-eight percent of the MSSA isolates carried 1–5 different antibiotic resistance genes and carried 5–19 virulence factors. We found S. aureus in coastal beach and river waters, anchialine pools, and sand at locations with limited human activity on the island of Hawaiʻi. This may be a public health hazard.

scholarly journals Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio spp. in finfish sold in Tripoli fish markets, Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Emad Ramadan Abodaia ◽  
Hanan Lotfi Eshamah ◽  
Hesham Taher Naas
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Background: The occurrence of Vibrio spp. in raw fish is common, especially from temperate climates regions, in both natural and farm environments, and in all kinds of fish. Whereas, limited data have been reported on antibiotic resistance strains of Vibrio spp. Aim: The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. including antibiotic resistance strains in fresh finfish samples as well as evaluation of their antibiogram. Material and methods: Samples of 122 fresh finfish were purchased from two main fish markets in Tripoli, Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of Vibrio spp. and its antibiogram. Results: A total of 68 Vibrios belonging to six different species were isolated, the most predominant species were V. fluvialis 45(66.2%), followed by V. alginolyticus 10(14.7%), V. cholera 9(13.2%), V. parahemolyticus 2(2.9%), V. vulnificus and V. hollisae 1(1.5%). All of the isolates showed different degrees of resistance toward tested antibiotics. The isolates showed high resistance to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxytetracyline, cephalothin, while for streptomycin the resistance rate was the lowest. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a high incidence of Vibrio spp. in raw finfish samples and this finding suggests that, fish sold in Tripoli fish markets could be a source of potential health hazard. This is because some of the isolated strains were resistant to the most popular antibiotics used in human and aquaculture treatments. Besides, study results indicated that, antibiotic resistance strains are common in raw finfish sold in both markets. Improvements in handling and processing are needed to minimize the prevalence of such pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: Vibrio spp., Finfish, Mullet, Sardine, Antibiotic Resistance.

Characteristic and susceptibility to enterocins of enterococci in pheasants possessing virulence factor genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kandričáková ◽  
A. Lauková ◽  
V. Strompfová
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Genus Identification ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

AbstractWith an increasing number of pheasants as gamebirds being reared each year, these species are becoming a more prominent part of the workload of many veterinary practices. Only limited information can be found concerning the microflora of common pheasants. A significant part of the obligate microflora consists of lactic acid bacteria, including enterococci. In this study, faeces were sampled from 60 pheasants aged 16-17 weeks. Enterococcal counts reached 5.48±1.9 (log10) CFU/g. Strains (17) were taxonomically classified to the genus Enterococcus using the Maldi-Tof identification system; they were allotted to the speciesE. hirae(58.8%),E. faecium(23.5%) andE. faecalis(17.7%) by highly probable species identification or by secure genus identification/probable species identication. Species allocation was also confirmed using conventional biochemical tests. Most strains formed β-hemolysis. Gelatinase active phenotype was found in threeE. faecalisstrains. Enterococci were β-glucuronidase negative, mostly trypsin negative with slight or moderate production of α-chymotrypsin. EH52b and EF42 strains possessed the highest potential for pathogenicity. Average value of lactic acid was 1.78±0.33 mmo/L. Most strains were tetracycline resistant (82.4%). PolyresistantE. faecalisstrains with positive gelatinase phenotype and possessing virulence factor genes confirmed using PCR (gelE, efaAfs,ccf cob, cpd) were sensitive to enterocins (activity 1600-25 600 AU/mL).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio spp. in Finfish Sold in Tripoli Fish Markets, Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Emad Ramadan Abodaia ◽  
Hanan Eshamah ◽  
Hesham Taher Naas
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Background: The occurrence of Vibrio spp. in raw fish is common, especially from temperate climates regions, in both natural and farm environments, and in all kind of fish. Whereas, limited data have been reported on antibiotic resistance strains of Vibrio spp. Aim: The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. including antibiotic resistance strains in fresh finfish samples as well as evaluation of their antibiogram. Material and methods: Samples of 122 fresh finfish were purchased from two main fish markets in Tripoli, Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of Vibrio spp. and its antibiogram. Results: A total of 68 Vibrio’s belonging to six different species were isolated, the most predominant species were V. fluvialis 45(66.2%), followed by V. alginolyticus 10(14.7%), V. cholera 9(13.2%), V. parahemolyticus 2(2.9%), V. vulnificus and V. hollisae 1(1.5%). All of the isolates showed different degree of resistance toward tested antibiotics. The isolates showed high resistance to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxytetracylin, cephalothin, while for streptomycin the resistance rate was the lowest. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a high incidence of Vibrio spp. in raw finfish samples and this finding suggests that, fish sold in Tripoli fish markets could be a source of potential health hazard. This is because some of isolated strains were resistant to most popular antibiotics used in human and aquaculture treatments. Besides, study results indicated that, antibiotic resistance strains are common in raw finfish sold in both markets. Improvements in handling and processing are needed to minimize the prevalence of such pathogenic bacteria. ​Keywords: Vibrio spp., Finfish, Mullet, Sardine, Antibiotic Resistance.

Natural and man-made low-frequency magnetic fields as a potential health hazard

1998 ◽  
Vol 168 (07) ◽  
pp. 767-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Ptitsyna ◽  
G. Villoresi ◽  
L.I. Dorman ◽  
N. Iucci ◽  
Marta I. Tyasto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Hazard

scholarly journals Adsorption Mechanism of Patulin from Apple Juice by Inactivated Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kefir Grains

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Pascaline Bahati ◽  
Xuejun Zeng ◽  
Ferdinand Uzizerimana ◽  
Ariunsaikhan Tsoggerel ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Kefir Grains

In the food industry, microbiological safety is a major concern. Mycotoxin patulin represents a potential health hazard, as it is heat-resistant and may develop at any stage during the food chain, especially in apple-based products, leading to severe effects on human health, poor quality products, and profit reductions. The target of the study was to identify and characterize an excellent adsorbent to remove patulin from apple juice efficiently and to assess its adsorption mechanism. To prevent juice fermentation and/or contamination, autoclaving was involved to inactivate bacteria before the adsorption process. The HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) outcome proved that all isolated strains from kefir grains could reduce patulin from apple juice. A high removal of 93% was found for juice having a 4.6 pH, 15° Brix, and patulin concentration of 100 μg/L by Lactobacillus kefiranofacien, named JKSP109, which was morphologically the smoothest and biggest of all isolates in terms of cell wall volume and surface area characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). C=O, OH, C–H, and N–O were the main functional groups engaged in patulin adsorption indicated by FTIR (Fourier transform–infrared). E-nose (electronic nose) was performed to evaluate the aroma quality of the juices. PCA (Principal component analysis) results showed that no significant changes occurred between control and treated juice.

scholarly journals Yeasts and filamentous fungi in bottled mineral water and tap water from municipal supplies

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi ◽  
Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo ◽  
Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta ◽  
Celso Vataru Nakamura ◽  
Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The main objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of yeasts and filamentous fungi in drinking water as well as to investigate their correlation with the indicator bacteria of faecal pollution. Yeasts were detected in 36.6% and 11.6% of the bottled mineral on water dispensers and tap water samples from municipal system, respectively. Twenty-one (35.0%) of bottled mineral water and two (3.3%) of tap water samples were positive for filamentous fungi. For bottled mineral water 12 (20.0%) of 60 samples were positive for total coliform, compared with 3(5.0%)out of 60 samples from tap water. The mineral water from dispensers was more contaminated than tap water. Strains belonging to the genera Candida identified to the species level were C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. albicans. Thus, bottled mineral water from water dispensers and tap water could be considered a possible transmission route for filamentous fungi and yeasts, and could constitute a potential health hazard, mainly to immunocompromised indivuals.

Potential Public Health Significance of Non-Escherichia coli Coliforms in Food

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT M. TWEDT ◽  
BRENDA K. BOUTIN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Health Significance

Several coliform species other than Escherichia coli are often associated with and possibly responsible for acute and chronic diarrheal disease. Recent evidence suggests that non-Escherichia coli coliforms may be capable of colonizing the human intestine and producing enterotoxin(s) in high-yield. Whether these organisms are newly capable of causing disease because of infestation with extrachromosomal factors mediating pathogenicity or simply because of inherent pathogenic capabilities that have gone unrecognized, they pose a potential health hazard. Food, medical, and public health microbiologists should be aware that the non-E. coli coliforms contaminating foods may be potential enteropathogens. This possibility may make determination of their pathogenic capabilities even more important than identification of their taxonomic characteristics.

scholarly journals Presence of microcystins in the littoral zone of the Curonian Lagoon by the data of immunochromatographic analysis in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
M. M. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Inherent Problem ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
First Time

The presence of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins of microcystin group has been recorded in the southern part of the Curonian Lagoon annually since 2010. Because of unique natural features and cultural heritage, the Curonian Spit and the Curonian Lagoon are involved into diverse recreational usage. The potential health hazard due to microcystins is, thus, an inherent problem of the area. Rapid immunochromatographic semi-quantitative test (Microcystin Strip Test, Abraxis Ltd) was applied for the detection of microcystins in water samples from littoral zone. Samples were collected twice per month in May – November 2017 at six monitoring sites around the Lagoon. For the first time, the presence of toxic metabolites of cyanobacteria (microcystins) in the whole littoral of the southern part of the Curonian Lagoon during vegetation season was established. As previously noted, microcystins were present in water samples in summer and autumn. During May it were not found. The highest values (5–10 µg per litre) were recorded in the late June and during September at the Curonian Spit. These values were rather low in comparison with those of 2011–2016. From mid-to-late October toxins were recorded twice only, at the Curonian Spit. At the eastern and southern coasts maximal value was 5 µg per litre (once at the end of September). In other samples toxins were not detected or their values did not exceed 2.5 µg per litre.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of Two-Wheeler Suspension system in a wavy road

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3630-3635
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Suspension Spring ◽  
The Road ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Two Wheeler

Two wheelers like motorbikes and scooters are one of the major transports in India. In major cities and towns, it is most common private transport as it is fast and easy approach to the destination. But the prolonged drive in the two-wheeler leads to the potential health hazard and musco-skeletal disorder due to continuous exposure to the vibration caused during the ride and force transmitted to the vehicle body due to road irregularities. It is a challenge of automobile engineers to design a promising suspension system to overcome the risk of ride comfort during continuous driving. In this research, two-wheeler suspension system is modelled with a condition of bump and valley in a wavy road. The road surface is assumed to be wavy and the response of new suspension spring with different materials (stainless steel, tungsten and polymeric) along with viscous damper is analyzed and compared. By this analysis, it will be proposed to industry to modify the suspension system to improve its efficiency and reduce force transmitted to the human body to improve the ride comfort

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