scholarly journals Examination of the Magnetic Properties in the Magnetic Circuits Formed by a Printing Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adam Jakubas
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Cellulose Substrates ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Magnetic Coating

In mass printing of specialist coatings on cellulose substrates, their thickness is an important factor influencing the usefulness of such coatings. The paper presented the results of testing the magnetic properties of a printing paint admixture with iron powder with a grain size <10 μm. Experimental studies were carried out on samples with three magnetic coating thicknesses: 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3, respectively. The obtained induction and magnetic field values were used to determine the relationship between the thickness of magnetic paint and its magnetic permeability. The obtained maximum values of μr were 10, 11.5, and 12.5 for samples with a thickness of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm, respectively. The value of magnetic permeability increased with the increase of coating thickness. The analysis of the properties of coatings has been supplemented with the mathematical description of the relationship between material parameters and hysteresis in magnetic materials. The proposed elliptical hysteresis approximation significantly facilitates a design and prediction of the properties of finished products. The analysis of the equivalent hysteresis angle δ showed almost linear dependence on the coating thickness. The proposed indicator (angle δ) allows a quick and simple way to verify the thickness of magnetic coatings on flexible diamagnetic substrates in production conditions.

Evaluation of the accuracy indicators in determination of the coating thickness by crater grinding method

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
K. V. Gogolinsky ◽  
A. E. Ivkin ◽  
V. V. Alekhnovich ◽  
A. Yu. Vasiliev ◽  
A. E. Tyurnina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Metrological Certification ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Wide Range

Thickness is one of the key indicators characterizing the quality and functional properties of coatings. Various indirect methods (electromagnetic, radiation, optical) most often used in practice to measure thickness are based on the functional dependence of a particular physical parameter of the system «base – coating» on the coating thickness. The sensitivity of these procedures to the certain properties of coatings imposes the main restriction to the accuracy of measurements. Therefore, the development and implementation of the approaches based on direct measurements of geometric parameters of the coating appears expedient. These methods often belong to the class of «destructive» and, in addition to measuring instruments, require the use of special equipment. To ensure the uniformity of measurements in the laboratory or technological control, these methods are isolated as a separate procedure (method) and must undergo metrological certification in accordance with GOST R 8.563–2009. We present implementation, metrological certification and practical application of the method for measuring thickness of coatings by crater-grinding method. The principles of technical implementation of test equipment, measurement procedure and calculation formulas are described. The results of evaluating the accuracy indicators of the proposed procedure by calculation and experimental methods are presented. In both cases, the relative error did not exceed 6%. The applicability of the developed technique is shown for a wide range of coating materials (from soft metals to superhard ceramics) of different thickness (with from units to hundreds of micrometers). Apart from the goals of process control and outgoing inspection, the method can be recommended as a reference measurement procedure for calibration of measures and adjusting samples for various types of thickness gauges.

Potential Role of Inflammation in Associations between Particulate Matter and Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Ji ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Guangke Li ◽  
Nan Sang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, numerous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated with increased hospitalization and mortality from heart failure (HF). In addition to problems with circulation, HF patients often display high expression of cytokines in the failing heart. Thus, as a recurring heart problem, HF is thought to be a disorder characterized in part by the inflammatory response. In this review, we intend to discuss the relationship between PM exposure and HF that is based on inflammatory mechanism and to provide a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the related studies. Epidemiological studies on PM-induced heart diseases are focused on high concentrations of PM, high pollutant load exposure in winter, or susceptible groups with heart diseases, etc. Furthermore, it appears that the relationship between fine or ultrafine PM and HF is stronger than that between HF and coarse PM. However, fewer studies paid attention to PM components. As for experimental studies, it is worth noting that coarse PM may indirectly promote the inflammatory response in the heart through systematic circulation of cytokines produced primarily in the lungs, while ultrafine PM and its components can enter circulation and further induce inflammation directly in the heart. In terms of PM exposure and enhanced inflammation during the pathogenesis of HF, this article reviews the following mechanisms: hemodynamics, oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and epigenetic regulation. However, many problems are still unsolved, and future work will be needed to clarify the complex biologic mechanisms and to identify the specific components of PM responsible for adverse effects on heart health.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the transformation from firn to ice in the wet-snow zone of temperate glaciers

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Kawashima ◽  
Tomomi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Densification Rate ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Proportionality Constant ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

The densification of water-saturated firn, which had formed just above the firn-ice transition in the wet-snow zone of temperate glaciers, was investigated by compression tests under pressures ranging from 0.036 to 0.173 MPa, with special reference to the relationship between densification rate, time and pressure. At each test, the logarithm of the densification rate was proportional to the logarithm of the time, and its proportionality constant increased exponentially with increasing pressure. The time necessary for ice formation in the firn aquifer was calculated using the empirical formula obtained from the tests. Consequently, the necessary time decreased exponentially as the pressure increased, which shows that the transformation from firn in ice can be completed within the period when the firn aquifer exists, if the overburden pressure acting on the water-saturated firn is above 0.12–0.14 MPa. This critical value of pressure was in good agreement with the overburden pressure obtained from depth–density curves of temperate glaciers. It was concluded that the depth of firn–ice transition was self-balanced by the overburden pressure to result in the concentration between 20 and 30 m.

Magnetostructural relationships in [Ni(dmit)2] − radical anions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon Enrique Zapata Rivera ◽  
Carmen J. Calzado
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Radical Anions ◽  
The Relationship

This work explores the relationship between the magnetic properties of salts based on the [Ni(dmit)2]− radicals and the different arrangement that these radicals can adopt in the crystals, induced by...

scholarly journals Application of intelligent orienteering based on Internet of things

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Zhang ◽  
Ruijie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Signal Stability ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract Orienteering has gradually changed from a professional sport to a civilian sport. Especially in recent years, orienteering has been widely popularized. Many colleges and universities in China have also set up this course. With the improvement of people’s living conditions, orienteering has really become a leisure sport in modern people’s life. The reduced difficulty of sports enables more people to participate, but it also exposes a series of problems. As the existing positioning technology is relatively backward, the progress in personnel tracking, emergency services, and other aspects is slow. To solve these problems, a new intelligent orienteering application system is developed based on the Internet of things. ZigBee network architecture is adopted in the system. ZigBee is the mainstream scheme in the current wireless sensor network technology, which has many advantages such as convenient carrying, low power consumption, and signal stability. Due to the complex communication environment in mobile signal, the collected information is processed by signal amplification and signal anti-interference technology. By adding anti-interference devices, video isolators and other devices, the signal is guaranteed to the maximum extent. In order to verify the actual effect of this system, through a number of experimental studies including the relationship between error and traffic radius and the relationship between coverage and the number of anchor nodes, the data shows that the scheme studied in this paper has a greater improvement in comprehensive performance than the traditional scheme, significantly improving the accuracy and coverage. Especially the coverage is close to 100% in the simulation experiment. This research has achieved good results and can be widely used in orienteering training and competition.

scholarly journals Finite Element Prediction for the Internal Stresses of (Ti,Al)N Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.W. Żukowska ◽  
A. Śliwa ◽  
J. Mikuła ◽  
M. Bonek ◽  
W. Kwaśny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Gradient Coatings ◽  
Element Method

The general topic of this paper is the computer simulation with use of finite element method (FEM) for determining the internal stresses of selected gradient and single-layer PVD coatings deposited on the sintered tool materials, including cemented carbides, cermets and Al2O3+TiC type oxide tool ceramics by cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Developing an appropriate model allows the prediction of properties of PVD coatings, which are also the criterion of their selection for specific items, based on the parameters of technological processes. In addition, developed model can to a large extent eliminate the need for expensive and time-consuming experimental studies for the computer simulation. Developed models of internal stresses were performed with use of finite element method in ANSYS environment. The experimental values of stresses were calculated using the X-ray sin2ψ technique. The computer simulation results were compared with the experimental results. Microhardness and adhesion as well as wear range were measured to investigate the influence of stress distribution on the mechanical and functional properties of coatings. It was stated that occurrence of compressive stresses on the surface of gradient coating has advantageous influence on their mechanical properties, especially on microhardness. Absolute value reduction of internal stresses in the connection zone in case of the gradient coatings takes profitably effects on improvement the adhesion of coatings. It can be one of the most important reasons of increase the wear resistance of gradient coatings in comparison to single-layer coatings.

Relation between understanding and agreeing in response to one-sentence assertion*

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
YASUHIRO OZURU ◽  
DAVID BOWIE ◽  
GIULIA KAUFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Response ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Evaluative Response ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Relationship

abstractThree quasi-experimental studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between the evaluative (i.e., agree/true) and the meta-cognitive (i.e., understand) response, and to determine which type of response people are more likely to provide when responding to one-sentence assertive statements. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed two separate tasks in which they were asked to indicate the levels of: (i) understanding and (ii) agreement / perceived truthfulness of 126 one-sentence statements. The results indicated that participants were likely to provide a negative evaluative response (i.e., disagree/false) to a statement that they did not understand. In Study 3, participants were asked to evaluate the same 126 statements and choose between four response options: agree, disagree, understand, do not understand. The results indicated that people are more likely provide an evaluative response regardless of the understandability of a statement. The results of these studies are discussed in relation to (i) pragmatic perspective of how people infer speakers’ meaning, and (ii) cognitive processes underlying evaluative and meta-cognitive response.

ANALYSIS OF THE ERROR IN DETERMINING THE EQUIVALENT SIZE OF A DEFECT BY THE STANDARDLESS METHOD DURING ULTRASONIC TESTING

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
A. N. Kireev ◽  
M. A. Kireeva
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Defect Identification ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Software Product ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides a review and analysis of the defect identification method for determining the size of discontinuities when diagnosing various machine parts and units by the manual ultrasonic method. This method makes it possible to determine the equivalent size of discontinuities of various types without using standard samples of an enterprise: point planar and volumetric; extended planar and volumetric. The method is based on the use of the relationship between the amplitude and time characteristics of the echo signal from the discontinuity and the backside signal in the object being diagnosed and the equivalent size of the discontinuity. The article presents the mathematical apparatus for the implementation of this method. Also presented is a software product that allows you to automate calculations when using this defect identification method. The article contains experimental studies of the method for determining the equivalent dimensions of discontinuities of various types, which have shown its high reliability. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the equivalent size of a point planar discontinuity was 2.867 %. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the equivalent size of a point volumetric discontinuity was 1.986 %. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the transverse equivalent size of an extended planar discontinuity was 0.667 %. The maximum value of the relative error in determining the transverse equivalent size of an extended volumetric discontinuity was 1.95 %.

SOFTWARE FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR «SMART» RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Sergey Polyakov ◽  
V. Akimov ◽  
A. Polukazakov ◽  
Vladimir Zolnikov ◽  
P. Enin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Assembly Language ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Level Control ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the issues of modeling and management of life support systems of a residential building. The resulting model of the liquid level in the tank allows you to establish the relationship between the level and the flow rate of the liquid. The results of the selection and justification of the fluid level control structure are presented. An algorithm that implements the operation of a virtual object is given. The structure of the automatic control system (ACS) of the liquid level is technically implemented in an open type. The results confirming the achievability of the proposed structural changes are obtained. The results of experimental studies are presented. The choice and justification of the method of controlling the heating system and the liquid level in the tank are considered. Programs for managing subsystems of a residential building in Assembly language, C++, and ladder diagrams are presented. A model for controlling the liquid level in a Multisim environment is proposed.

Variations in magnetic properties of Mexican serpentinites and related micro-textures 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Ramírez-García ◽  
Luis M. Alva-Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Anisotropy Of Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Magnetic Carrier ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Geochemical Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Magnetite Formation

&lt;p&gt;Magnetite formation of serpentinized ultramafic rocks leads to variations in the magnetic properties of serpentinites; however, magnetite precipitation is still on debate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we analyzed 60 cores of ultramafic rocks with a variety of serpentinization degrees. These rocks belong to the ultramafic-mafic San Juan de Otates complex in Guanajuato, Mexico. Geochemical studies have been previously conducted, enabling us to compare changes in the magnetic properties against the chemical variations generated by the serpentinization process. By studying the density and magnetic properties such as anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis curves as well as magnetic and temperature-dependent susceptibility and, we were able to identify the relationship between magnetic content and serpentinization degree, the predominant magnetic carrier, and to what extent the magnetite grain size depends on the serpentinization. &amp;#160;Variations in these parameters allowed us to better constrain the temperature at which serpentinization occurred, the generation of other Fe-rich phases such as Fe-brucite and/or Fe-rich serpentine as well as distinctive rock textures formed at different serpentinization degrees.&lt;/p&gt;

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