scholarly journals Research on the Disintegration Characteristics of Carbonaceous Mudstone and Properties of Modified Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xinxi Liu ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Shengnan Li ◽  
Yanming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rock ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
External Factors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

This work presents the results of an experimental investigation aimed to study the disintegration of carbonaceous mudstone and properties of modified materials. The mineralogical composition of carbonaceous mudstone was determined with X-ray diffraction. The microscopic characteristics of carbonaceous mudstone disintegration were determined with scanning electron microscopy. The surface modification effect of carbonaceous mudstone was researched by comparative tests on coatings’ hydrophobic property, fastness, and waterproof before and after modification, and the modification mechanism of polymer-cement composite modified carbonaceous mudstone was analyzed. The results show that the mineral composition of carbonaceous mudstone mainly contains illite, quartz, and kaolinite. It is found that the disintegration of carbonaceous mudstone can be divided into external factors and internal factors. External factors are water and temperature difference, and internal factors are the swelling of the kaolinite and illite mineral particles. There are differences in the modification effects under different cement dosage. When the cement dosage is 30%, the modification effect is the best. The results may provide a reference for the prevention and control of soft rock slopes.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

Research on Solid Wastes of Gangue, Slag, Fly Ash Used as Cement Composite Mixing Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1486-1489
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Liao ◽  
Qian Ma ◽  
Yi Shun Zhang ◽  
Zhi Yang Song ◽  
Kai Hang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mixed Material ◽  
Cement Strength

The purpose of this study is to bring the fly ash, coal gangue and slag industrial solid wastes which contain the chemical composition for activation treatment, used as activated composite cement mixing materials, through strength test shows that the compound mixing materials impermeability activation treatment can obviously increase the cement strength. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results showed that the crystal structure of the mixed material calcined before and after have apparent change. There are lesss hydration products with compact structure of cement hydration 3d. The early strength of aiding composite mixing materials cement improved greatly.

What does sport psychology have to offer interpreting?

Babel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-250
Author(s):  
Ildikó Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Sports Psychology ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Professional Behaviour ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
As Stress ◽  
And Control

Abstract Sports psychology has a great deal of potential for interpreting and interpreter training, as stress seems to be one of the major psychological factors influencing an interpreter’s professional behaviour. A competitive sports situation is similar to an interpreting assignment, as both are characterized by the need of the performers, the athlete or the interpreter to achieve. They cannot escape from the situation, and they need to achieve what they have undertaken to do. Their performance on the day depends on external and internal factors that they need to control efficiently. Stress is and has for some time been a widely-researched topic in interpreting studies, as it seems to be a fact of life for interpreters. Stress research in interpreting has, however, focused mainly on the external factors influencing an interpreter’s performance. This paper presents an outline of sports psychology and reviews the literature on the psychology of stress. It then presents research conducted on stress in the context of interpreting. Finally, it examines how we can help our students cope with stress and control the internal factors influencing their performance as interpreters.

scholarly journals An integrated model of science communication — More than providing evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. Y01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Longnecker
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Factors that influence reception and use of information are represented in this koru model of science communication using the metaphor of a growing plant. Identity is central to this model, determining whether an individual attends to information, how it is used and whether access to it results in increased awareness, knowledge or understanding, changed attitudes or behaviour. In this koru model, facts are represented as nutrients in the soil; the matrix influences their availability. Communication involves reorganisation of facts into information, available via channels represented as roots. When information is taken up, engagement with it is influenced by external factors (social norms, support and control) and internal factors (values, beliefs, attitudes, awareness, affect, understanding, skills and behaviour) which affect whether the individual uses it to form new knowledge.

The Influence of Mineralogical Composition Changes of Sandstone Cement on Physical-Mechanical Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Kateřina Kovářová ◽  
Zdenek Pala
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Road Salts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Composition Changes

The aim of the contribution is to present the results of research focused on cement mineralogical composition changes and their influence on physical-mechanical properties of sandstones. Three types of Czech sandstones were tested during this experiment Hořice, Kocběře and Božanov. The sandstone samples were treated in the climatic chamber in order to simulate weathering processes that are typical for winter period in Prague. The influence of road salts was also taken into consideration. For the purposes of mineralogical changes determination the sandstone cement was separated and subsequently analyzed using X-Ray diffraction a DTA/TG analysis. The physical-mechanical properties such as e.g. uniaxial compressive strength, water absorption and open porosity were determined before and after the climatic treatment to enable evaluation of the influence of weathering processes.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis and Control Strategy for the Chained Propagation of Delay or Disruption Risk in a Port-Hinterland Service Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Haibo Kuang ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Peng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Disruption Risk ◽  
And Control

In a port-hinterland service network (PHSN), the occurrence of delays or disruption risks in the ports could impose serious impacts on carriers, nodes in hinterlands, or even the entire port-hinterland service network. To study how such risks are generated, propagated, and effectively controlled in the port-hinterland service network, this paper builds a model for the chained propagation of network risks that is consistent with the characteristics of the port-hinterland service network after analysing the risk factors and the risk-generating path by using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) framework. On the premise of model stability analysis, the paper analyses the elasticity of carriers and ports to the infected proportion of nodes in the hinterlands, infection rate, and recovery rate in order to obtain the optimal control strategy and control coefficient, and the paper finally validates the model through a simulation analysis under a real case. The research shows that external factors causing delay or disruption risk are more important than internal factors, while the occurrence probability of external factors is lower than that of internal factors. There are four equilibrium points in this system. When the equilibrium conditions are met, the infected proportion of carriers and ports gradually approaches zero or narrows to a fixed ratio, and there is only one no-epidemic point. In the equilibrium conditions, when the infected proportion of inland ports is greater than a certain threshold, the infected proportion of carriers and ports decreases with an increase in the infected proportion of inland ports. Moreover, it is determined that increasing the recovery rate is the most effective and direct control measure. The results of this study provide new insights for the risk control of port-hinterland service network managers and participants.

scholarly journals Development Of Character Strength Training Module For Satpol Pp Bandung

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Susandari Susandari
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Character Strength ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Module Test ◽  
Before And After

SATPOL PP Bandung  have big challenges in doing their job. The challenges come not only from external factors, such as the resistance of the street vendors but also from internal factors such as conflicts within the member themselves. It requires character support for achieving success in performing their duties. The previous research found that the SATPOL PP Bandung members have five dominant characters, those are Keberagamaan (Spirituality), Kebersyukuran (Gratitude), Motivation (Hope), Teamwork and Justice (Justice). To achieve well-being condition and doing job effectively, a module was constructed that consist of those five characters. The purpose of this study was to compare the comprehension of SATPOL PP Bandung about those characters, between before and after the of Character Strength training. The method used was Comparative and the results of the module test showed significant differences in comprehension for character Keberagamaan, Kebersyukuran, Motivation, and Teamwork. While the character of Justice did not show any significant differences in comprehension between before and after training. This is because SATPOL PP Bandung in doing their job only follow the procedures and directions from their Superiors and was not allowed to take other actions beside the policy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL PENYULUH TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENYULUH DI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelamu Ardu Marius ◽  
Sumardjo Sumardjo ◽  
Margono Slamet ◽  
Pang S. Asngari
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Research Area ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The objectives of this research were to portray the influence of internal and external factors to the competencies of the agricultural extension agents. The individual characrterization of the agricultural extension agents were the internal factors which assumed to influence in creating the competencies, and those other i.e the non formal education (diklat), the milieu, and the extension organization structure were the external factors. The respondents were selected by the random and purposive sampling method in the three regency as research area. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program 8.72 by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) models. The results of the research showed that the internal factors were influenced positively and significantly to the competencies of the agricultural extension agents both before and after the autonomy, but those other were not.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Fotini Martsouka ◽  
Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Martin Barlog ◽  
Giorgos Lagiopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antimicrobial Protection ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Pharmaceutical grade bentonite, containing a high amount of montmorillonite, enriched with zinc (Zn) or copper (Cu) (ZnBent and CuBent, respectively) was used as the main component for the creation of formulations for cutaneous use and tested for their antimicrobial capacity. Bentonite (Bent) with added phenoxyethanol (PH) as a preservative and unmodified bentonite were used as control groups. The mineralogical composition, structural state, and physical or chemical properties, before and after the modification of the samples, were characterized utilizing X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM, SEM-EDS) analyses. In addition, the profile of zinc and copper concentration from two types of surfaces ZnBent and CuBent, and into Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) are discussed. Finally, the formulations in the form of basic pastes were challenged against bacteria, molds, and yeasts, and their performance was evaluated based on the European Pharmacopeia criteria. The Cu-modified bentonite performed excellently against bacteria and yeasts, while the Zn-modified bentonite only showed great results against yeasts. Therefore, Cu-modified bentonite formulations could offer antimicrobial protection without the use of preservatives.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

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