scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy in Chondrocyte Metabolism and Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Research Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Luo ◽  
Fuqiang Gao ◽  
Dongsheng Niu ◽  
Xichun Sun ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Delay Cell ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Chondrocyte Metabolism ◽  
The Relationship

Chondrocytes are the sole cellular constituents of normal cartilage. The degeneration and apoptosis of these cells are considered the main cause of osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies have suggested that the enhancement of autophagy in chondrocytes can delay the progression of osteoarthritis by affecting intracellular metabolic activity, i.e., by regulating the metabolism of nutrients, which can delay cell aging and death. In this review, we explored the relationship between autophagy and chondrocyte metabolism and provided new ideas for the prevention and treatment of OA.

scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy in Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Duan ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Zheng-Zhao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Normal Cartilage ◽  
Intracellular Degradation ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

Chondrocytes are the only cell type in normal cartilage. The pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA) mostly revolve around the apoptosis and dysfunction of chondrocytes. Autophagy, as an intracellular degradation system that maintains the steady state of energy metabolism in cells, has been shown to restore the function of damaged chondrocytes, alleviating the occurrence and progression of OA. In this review, we explored the relationship between autophagy and OA and the key molecules of autophagy pathway that regulate the progression of OA, providing new ideas for OA treatment by targeting autophagy.

scholarly journals Review on Biological Characteristics of Kv1.3 and Its Role in Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junda Liu ◽  
Xiong-Wen Lv ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Liver Macrophages ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

The liver accounts for the largest proportion of macrophages in all solid organs of the human body. Liver macrophages are mainly composed of cytolytic cells inherent in the liver and mononuclear macrophages recruited from the blood. Monocytes recruitment occurs mainly in the context of liver injury and inflammation and can be recruited into the liver and achieve a KC-like phenotype. During the immune response of the liver, macrophages/KC cells release inflammatory cytokines and infiltrate into the liver, which are considered to be the common mechanism of various liver diseases in the early stage. Meanwhile, macrophages/KC cells form an interaction network with other liver cells, which can affect the occurrence and progression of liver diseases. From the perspective of liver disease treatment, knowing the full spectrum of macrophage activation, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and their implication in either promoting liver disease progression or repairing injured liver tissue is highly relevant from a therapeutic point of view. Kv1.3 is a subtype of the voltage-dependent potassium channel, whose function is closely related to the regulation of immune cell function. At present, there are few studies on the relationship between Kv1.3 and liver diseases, and the application of its blockers as a potential treatment for liver diseases has not been reported. This manuscript reviewed the physiological characteristics of Kv1.3, the relationship between Kv1.3 and cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the role of Kv1.3 in a variety of liver diseases, so as to provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. In short, by understanding the role of Kv1.3 in regulating the functions of immune cells such as macrophages, selective blockers of Kv1.3 or compounds with similar functions can be applied to alleviate the progression of liver diseases and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.

«Arab Spring»: Transformation of Political Paradigm in Context of International Relations

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
L. Fituni
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The author presents his own original conception of the 2011 Arab upheavals. First, he tries to find parallels between the Arab Spring and the 19th century European Spring of Peoples. Second, he dwells on the idea of three types of transition in the Arab World: economic, demographic, and ideological. Third, he reflects on the issues of democracy and autocracy in the Arab countries emphasizing the role of youth. Fourth, he puts forward some new ideas as regards the relationship between Europe and the Arab World, offering such terms as “democratic internationalism” and “young democratic safety belt” in the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals Does the presence of independent directors reduce the practices of earnings management? The moderating role of family ownership concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-654
Author(s):  
Deaa Al-Deen Al-Sraheen ◽  
Khaldoon Ahmad Al Daoud
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

While often criticized, the independence of directors remains a crucial criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the monitoring role of boards. This study examines the relationship between board independence and earnings management, paying attention to moderation role of family ownership concentration on this relationship using a sample of services companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange ASE. This study documented a significant and negative association between board independence and earnings management. In addition, the moderating role of family ownership concentration on this relationship was also negative. Thus, the board’s monitoring function was inefficient due to the concentration of ownership. These results were obtained through using multiple and sequential regression analysis for the research data from 2013 to 2016. This study provides new ideas for future research such as examining the impacts of the migration of capitals and investors from neighbouring countries such as Syria and Iraq.

The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

This is the first scholarly art-historical appraisal of Anglo-Saxon coinage, from its inception in the late sixth century to Offa's second reform of the penny c.792. Outside numismatic circles, this material has largely been ignored because of its complexity, yet artistically this is the most vibrant period of English coinage, with die-cutters showing flair and innovation and employing hundreds of different designs in their work. By analysing the iconography of the early coinage, this book intends to introduce its rich legacy to a wide audience. Anna Gannon divides the designs of the coins into four main categories: busts (including attributes and drapery), human figures, animals and geometrical patterns, presenting prototypes, sources of the repertoire and parallels with contemporary visual arts for each motif. The comparisons demonstrate the central role of coins in the eclectic visual culture of the time, with the advantages of official sanctioning and wide circulation to support and diffuse new ideas and images. The sources of the motifs clarify the relationship between the many designs of the complex Secondary phase (c.710-50). Contemporary literature and theological writings often offer the key to the interpretation of motifs, hinting at a universal preoccupation with religious themes. The richness of designs and display of learning point to a sophisticated patronage with access to exotic prototypes, excellent craftsmanship and wealth; it is likely that minsters, as rich, learned, and well-organized institutions, were behind some of the coinage. After the economic crises of the mid-eighth century this flamboyant iconography was swept away: with the notable exeption of the coins of Offa, still displaying exciting designs of high quality and inventiveness, reformed issues bore royal names and titles, and strove towards uniformity.

scholarly journals Role of Personalized Nutrition in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Di Renzo ◽  
Paola Gualtieri ◽  
Lorenzo Romano ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Personalized Nutrition ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Phenotypic Transition ◽  
The Relationship

Human nutrition is a branch of medicine based on foods biochemical interactions with the human body. The phenotypic transition from health to disease status can be attributed to changes in genes and/or protein expression. For this reason, a new discipline has been developed called “-omic science”. In this review, we analyzed the role of “-omics sciences” (nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in the health status and as possible therapeutic tool in chronic degenerative diseases. In particular, we focused on the role of nutrigenetics and the relationship between eating habits, changes in the DNA sequence and the onset of nutrition-related diseases. Moreover, we examined nutrigenomics and the effect of nutrients on gene expression. We perused the role of proteomics and metabolomics in personalized nutrition. In this scenario, we analyzed also how dysbiosis of gut microbiota can influence the onset and progression of chronic degenerative diseases. Moreover, nutrients influencing and regulating gene activity, both directly and indirectly, paves the way for personalized nutrition that plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals MiR-22 Suppresses BMP7 in the Development of Cirrhosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1026-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ji ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Qing Shao ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Zhongbin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Bone Morphogenic Protein ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bone Morphogenic Protein 7 ◽  
New Strategies

Background/Aims: New strategies for the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis are urgently needed for improving therapeutic outcome. A role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis has been recently acknowledged, whereas the exact involved miRNAs as well as the associated molecular signaling pathways have not been determined. Specifically, the studies on the relationship between miR-22 and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) in the development of cirrhosis are lacking. Methods: We examined the correlation of the levels of miR-22 and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) in the liver biopsies from patients with cirrhosis. We examined overexpression or suppression of miR-22 on BMP7 in hepatocytes. We examined the binding of miR-22 to the 3'-UTR of BMP7 mRNA. Finally, in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis model in mice, we gave mice adeno-associated viruses carrying antisense of miR-22, and examined its effects on BMP7 levels and the hallmarks of cirrhosis. Results: The levels of miR-22 and BMP7 in the liver biopsies from patients were strongly and inversely correlated. MiR-22 inhibited BMP7 expression in hepatocytes, through directly binding the 3'-UTR of BMP7 mRNA. Expression of antisense miR-22 significantly attenuated the levels of liver fibrosis, portal hypertension and sodium retention caused by CCl4, possibly through upregulation of BMP7. Conclusions: MiR-22 promotes the development of cirrhosis through BMP7 suppression.

scholarly journals Atherosclerosis: The Culprit and Co-victim of Vascular Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Huang ◽  
Fen-Fang Hong ◽  
Shu-Long Yang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Vascular Morphogenesis ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Vascular dementia (VD), a cerebrovascular disease which causes cognitive impairment, is one of the significant factors that affects the quality of senectitude. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory syndrome and closely associated with VD. Analyzing the role of AS in VD contribute greatly to its early detection and prevention, but their relationship has not been integrated into a complete network. This review summarizes AS biomarkers as VD predictors for the first time and describes the direct mechanisms of AS causing VD from five aspects: vascular morphogenesis, hemodynamic change, neurovascular unit damage (NVU), oxidative stress, and microRNA (miRNA). Finally, it discriminates the relationship between AS and VD in common risk factors which can be disease or some molecules. In particular, these data imply that the role of AS in VD is not only a pathogenic factor but also a comorbidity in VD. This review aims to bring new ideas for the prediction and treatment of VD.

scholarly journals Relevance of the Pyroptosis-Related Inflammasome Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Liu ◽  
Zhengdong Zhang ◽  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasomes ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in many developed and developing countries. Pyroptosis is a recently discovered form of programmed cell death (PCD). With progress in research on DKD, researchers have become increasingly interested in elucidating the role of pyroptosis in DKD pathogenesis. This review focuses on the three pathways of pyroptosis generation: the canonical inflammasome, non-canonical inflammasome, and caspase-3-mediated inflammasome pathways. The molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of the pyroptosis-related inflammasome pathway in the development of DKD are summarized. Activation of the diabetes-mediated pyroptosis-related inflammasomes, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and the IL-18 axis, plays an essential role in DKD lesions. By inhibiting activation of the TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, the production of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 is inhibited, thereby improving the pathological changes associated with DKD. Studies using high-glucose–induced cell models, high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DKD animal models, and human biopsies will help determine the spatial and temporal expression of DKD inflammatory components. Recent studies have confirmed the relationship between the pyroptosis-related inflammasome pathway and kidney disease. However, these studies are relatively superficial at present, and the mechanism needs further elucidation. Linking these findings with disease activity and prognosis would provide new ideas for DKD research.

scholarly journals The role of innovative ideas in business sustainability: Evidence from textile industry

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasiwimon Wongwilai ◽  
Pongtep Phudetch ◽  
Pitiphoj Saelek ◽  
Aekachai Khuptawatin ◽  
Kitichai Wongcharoensin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The objective of the current study was to examine the role of innovative ideas in business sustainability. The mediating role of innovative process, innovative production and innovative supply chain was also examined. Therefore, the relationship between innovative ideas, innovative process, innovative production, innovative supply chain and business sustainability was examined. Data was collected from the employees of textile companies. As the Indonesian textile companies were under investigation in the current study. Data was collected from Indonesian textile company employees. 300 questionnaires were sent to the textile companies with the help of email. Hence, email surveys were preferred with the help of questionnaires. Results of the study highlights that the innovative ideas had a major role in business sustainability. Introduction of new ideas inside the boundaries of the organization expedites the business sustainability. Additionally, innovative ideas have a positive effect on innovative production and innovative supply chains. Moreover, innovative production and innovative supply chain have a positive effect on business sustainability. Therefore, innovative ideas increase the innovative production and supply chain which further shows a positive effect on business sustainability.

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