Serum Levels of Joining Chain-Containing IgA1 Are Not Elevated in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Background. It has been suggested that mesangial IgA deposits are dimeric or polymeric in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, evidence concerning the molecular form of serum IgA in IgAN is controversial. And there is no direct evidence that the serum levels of joining chain- (J chain-) containing IgA (J-IgA) are elevated in IgAN. In this study, we aimed to measure serum J-IgA and glomerular J chain deposition with anti-J chain monoclonal antibody in IgAN. Methods. BALB/c mice were immunized with human J chain-GST recombinant peptide to obtain anti-J chain monoclonal antibody. The levels of serum total IgA and J-IgA were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 115 patients with IgAN and 117 healthy volunteers. J chain deposition in kidney specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results. Serum levels of total IgA1 were elevated in IgAN patients compared to healthy subjects. However, serum levels of IgA, J-IgA, and J chain-containing IgA1 (J-IgA1), the J-IgA to total IgA ratio, and the J-IgA1 to total IgA1 ratio were not significantly different between IgAN patients and healthy subjects. Western blot analysis and gel filtration analysis using purified IgA1 also showed that the proportion of J chain-containing polymeric IgA1 was lower in IgAN patients compared to healthy subjects. No correlation was found between serum J-IgA or J-IgA1 and clinical features in IgAN. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that glomerular J chain was positive in 12 IgAN patients (57.1%). The values of the J-IgA to IgA ratio and J-IgA1 to IgA ratio were significantly higher in IgAN patients with glomerular J chain deposition than those without. However, the serum levels of J-IgA and J-IgA1 and the J-IgA1 to IgA1 ratio were not significantly higher in two subgroups. Conclusions. Although serum levels of total IgA1 were elevated in IgAN, the serum levels of J-IgA1 were not elevated. And serum J-IgA, serum J-IgA1, and J chain deposition were not correlated with disease severity in IgAN.

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Serum Soluble CD89-IgA Complexes Are Elevated in IgA Nephropathy without Immunosuppressant History

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2020/8393075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haiting Wu ◽

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Zhe Yang ◽

Qing Zhao ◽

Yubing Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Oxford Classification ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Capture Antibody ◽

And Gender

Purpose. CD89 (FcαRI), the receptor of IgA, can shed from cells to form complexes with IgA in serum and is supposed to participate in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). There are contradictory results on their utility in clinical practice. This study is aimed at investigating whether sCD89-IgA complexes can help in the diagnosis or evaluation of the disease. Methods. A sandwich ELISA was established using anti-CD89 as a capture antibody and HRP-conjugated anti-IgA as a detection antibody. This method was used to measure serum levels of sCD89-IgA complexes in IgAN patients without immunosuppressant history and healthy subjects. Correlations between serum levels of sCD89-IgA complexes and disease severity were analyzed. Results. Serum sCD89-IgA complexes increased with age (P<0.001). IgAN patients had higher sCD89-IgA complex levels compared with age- and gender-matched normal healthy individuals (P<0.001). Serum sCD89-IgAN significantly predicted IgAN diagnosis (AUC = 0.762 (0.640-0.883), P<0.001). But sCD89-IgA complexes did not correlate with baseline clinical manifestations, oxford classification, or renal function deteriorate speed. Conclusions. Serum sCD89-IgA complexes can guide diagnosis of IgAN in patients without immunosuppressant history, but provide limited help in clinicopathologic prediction.

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Gene Polymorphisms of Interleukin-27 Correlate with the Susceptibility, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Elderly People with Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000519227 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Huifang Zhang ◽

Hongying Zhao ◽

Guotao Yang ◽

Ying Li ◽

Yunfeng Liu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Elderly People ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Guillain Barré

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common autoimmune disease in the peripheral nervous system. This study aimed to elucidate the role of IL-27 gene polymorphisms in elderly people with GBS. Methods: A total of 395 healthy subjects and 422 GBS patients with an average age of 63 years old were included in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected. The 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-27, namely, rs153109 and rs785575, of GBS patients were analyzed using the PCR method and compared with those of the healthy controls. The correlations of IL-27 SNPs with disease severity, disease outcome, level of anti-GM1 antibodies, and Campylobacter jejuni infection were assessed. Serum levels of IL-27 of healthy subjects and GBS patients were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: No significant differences in the frequencies of rs785575 SNPs between GBS and healthy subjects were observed. In analyzing rs153109 SNPs, the G allele was found to be more prevalent in the GBS patients (p = 0.012). More alleles show GG genotype in GBS patients (p = 0.023). The −964A>G allele has a higher prevalence in severely affected and anti-GM1-Ab-positive GBS patients. GBS patients with the rs153109 SNP showed a poor clinical outcome than those without rs153109 SNP (p = 0.012). GBS patients showed higher serum IL-27 levels than healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The levels of IL-27 were also higher in GBS patients with genotypes of AG and GG, and those with GG genotypes showed the highest IL-27 levels. Conclusion: The rs153109 SNP is more prevalent in GBS patients with the GG and G allele and is associated with severer GBS, poorer clinical outcomes, and higher IL-27 levels.

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Involvement of Eotaxins (CCL11, CCL24, CCL26) in Pathogenesis of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4098 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hadis AHMADI ◽

Hossein KHORRAMDELAZAD ◽

Gholamhossein HASSANSHAHI ◽

Mitra ABBASI FARD ◽

Zahra AHMADI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Elisa Technique ◽

Circulating Levels

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of eotaxin family members including C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), C-C motif chemokine 24 (CCL24), and C-C motif chemokine 26 (CCL26) as the subgroups of CC-chemokine in patients affected with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Methods: Overall, 19 osteoporotic patients, 18 osteopenic individuals, and 20 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. The bone mineral density (BMD) was then measured at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and the hip (femoral neck and total hip) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for diagnosis of bone density and related disorders. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was employed to measure the serum levels of CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26. Results: The circulating levels of CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 had been increased in both groups of patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis compared to those in healthy subjects (P<0.05); while no significant difference was observed between serum levels of these chemokines in such patients. Conclusion: Eotaxins can play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and osteopenia; however, further studies are needed to clarify various roles of eotaxins in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and osteopenia.

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Alteration of Serum Levels of Cytokines in Schizophrenic Patients before and after Treatment with Risperidone

Iranian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology ◽

10.18502/ijaai.v18i3.1119 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esfandiar Azizi ◽

Ahmad Zavaran Hosseini ◽

Sara Soudi ◽

Ahmad Ali Noorbala

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Ifn Γ

A growing body of evidence suggests the existence of abnormalities in the immune system of schizophrenic patients. The current study examined serum levels of interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-2,interferon(IFN) -γ, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with risperidone and correlated levels of these cytokines with symptomatology. The study group consisted of 24 schizophrenic patients as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and 24 healthy controls. Serum cytokine levels were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Schizophrenic symptomatology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) questionnaire. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly higher in participants before treatment compared with the healthy controls and after treatment (p<0.001). IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly lower in participants after treatment compared with before treatment and the healthy controls (p<0.001). Except for IL-6 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β between the patients receiving treatment and the healthy subjects. Moreover, there was no significant difference in levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 between patients before treatment and the healthy subjects. There were no significant correlations between the concentration of cytokines studied and the PANSS. Positive intercorrelations between the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 were detected for sums of all groups(r=0.33, p=0.005). Clinical improvement of treated patients was associated with a reduction in the studied cytokines. It seems that changes in the cytokines level may play a significant role in the psychopathology of these patients.

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Status of circulating bone turnover markers in elderly osteoporosis/osteopenia patients in comparison with healthy subjects

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.1515/abm-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 97-106

Author(s):

Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani ◽

Maryam Moallem ◽

Reyhane Ebrahimi ◽

Seyed Reza Hosseini ◽

Hajighorban Nooreddini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Turnover Markers ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Type I ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Turnover Markers

AbstractBackgroundIn the aging individuals, osteoporosis is a major health problem. Due to the various limitations of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for diagnosis osteoporosis, serum-based biochemical markers have been suggested for the discrimination between the patients and healthy subjects.ObjectiveTo investigate the serum levels of bone turnover markers in elderly osteoporosis patients.MethodsThe serum samples from elderly subjects (osteoporosis (n = 28), osteopenia (n = 28), and healthy ones (n = 28) were collected from Amirkola Health and Ageing Project study. Furthermore, serum levels of bone formation and bone resorption markers as well as estrogen and progesterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kruskal–Wallis test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used for statistical analysis using SPSS.ResultsLevels of bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) differed between groups (P = 0.003 and 0.009, respectively). Furthermore, PINP and B-ALP levels had the best area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity for the discrimination between patients with osteoporosis and healthy individuals.ConclusionIn conditions in which we are not able to assess the bone mineral density by DEXA, analysis of the B-ALP and PINP levels may be a helpful tool.

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Serum Interleukin 1α and Interleukin 2 Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/147323000203000313 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 314-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

S Ebrinç ◽

C Top ◽

O Öncül ◽

C Başoğlu ◽

Ş Çavuşlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Interleukin 1Α

It has been suggested that altered interleukin (IL) regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this cross-sectional, case-controlled study, patients with schizophrenia and a control group of healthy subjects, matched by age, sex and body mass index, were evaluated. The levels of IL-1α and IL-2 in blood serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The fasting serum IL-2 levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia compared with the control subjects, but there was no difference between the fasting serum levels of IL-1α in patients with schizophrenia and the control subjects. Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia have altered IL-2, but not IL-1α, regulation.

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Molecular form and concentration of serum α2-macroglobulin in diabetes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49144-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sonomi Yoshino ◽

Kazumi Fujimoto ◽

Tesshu Takada ◽

Sayuki Kawamura ◽

Junro Ogawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Form ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Posterior Wall ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

High Serum ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract α2-Macroglobulin is a highly abundant serum protein involved in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy. However, its circulating molecular form and exact concentrations in human health/diseases are not known. Blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human serum was used to confirm the native conformation of α2-macroglobulin. We created an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suitable for quantifying its circulating molecular form and undertook a cross-sectional study to measure its serum levels in 248 patients with diabetes mellitus and 59 healthy volunteers. The predominant circulating molecular form of α2-macroglobulin was the tetramer, whereas its dimer was detectable in patients with high serum levels of α2-macroglobulin. The serum α2-macroglobulin concentration was not associated with glycated hemoglobin or any other glycemic variable as evaluated from 48-h continuous glucose monitoring, but showed close correlation with left ventricular posterior wall thickness, carotid artery intima-media thickness, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Multivariate analysis revealed only the ACR and baPWV to be independent variables influencing serum levels of α2-macroglobulin. Thus, an increased ACR and baPWV are associated with higher serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin, and the latter may contribute to the mechanism by which albuminuria increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

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Association of serum deiodinase type 2 level with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Polish population

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2018_2761 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Elżbieta Gałecka ◽

Anna Kumor-Kisielewska ◽

Paweł Górski

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Protein Levels

Backgrounds: Deiodinase type 2 (DIO2) is a selenoenzyme involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Chemerin is a newly investigated adipokine known also as novel chemokine. Both molecules have been recently expected and found to play an important role in inflammation and immunity. DIO2, for example, is upregulated during acute and chronic inflammation. In addition, inflammation-induced expression of DIO2 in macrophages has been confirmed, while chemerin modulates the activation and chemotaxis of immune cells. It is widely known that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – the most common lung disease in the world – is accompanied by an inflammatory process and immune activation. There are no studies demonstrating an association between DIO2, chemerin and COPD. The aim of this study was to estimate DIO2 and chemerin concentration in serum collected from patients suffering from COPD and to compare it with healthy subjects, as well as to correlate with basic and clinical characteristics. Methods: The study group included 50 patients with COPD and 30 healthy subjects. DIO2 and chemerin serum levels as well as c-reactive protein levels were determined in all the subjects using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The association between serum DIO2 and chemerin with sociodemographic and clinical variables was assessed. Results: DIO2 serum levels were significantly higher in the patients with COPD as compared to the control group (50.3±23.2 U/L vs. 13.3±13.1; p<0.00001). No differences were observed in serum chemerin levels between the patients and controls (107.559±86.695.6 vs. 100.701±53.805; p=0.54). Furthermore, there was no association between DIO2 and chemerin levels and other variables, and no correlation between both molecules. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that DIO2 levels were higher in the patients with COPD than in the control subjects. The examined molecules should be further investigated if they are intended to be considered markers of processes involved in COPD mechanisms.

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Back-Pack Mice as a Model of Renal Mesangial IgA Dimers Deposition

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/039463200501800412 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 701-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Kennel-De March ◽

C. Prin-Mathieu ◽

C.H. Kohler ◽

M.N. Kolopp-Sarda ◽

G.C. Faure ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Animal Model ◽

Complex Formation ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Mucosal Immunity ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Hybridoma Cells ◽

J Chain ◽

Mesangial Iga Deposits ◽

Immune Complex Formation

Mesangial IgA in IgA nephropathy are dimers with a J chain but no poly-Ig receptor. This molecular structure has led to the hypothesis that these IgA are issued from the lamina propria of mucosal areas, reaching the kidney by way of the peripheral blood. The availability of hybridomas producing IgA dimers provided an opportunity to test this hypothesis in a new experimental model of IgA nephropathy. Mice were injected subcutaneously (back-pack mice) or intraperitoneally with hybridoma cells secreting either monoclonal IgA dimers, or monoclonal IgA monomers. The influence of immune complex formation was also tested in both these models. Renal IgA deposition was investigated 12 days after the injection of hybridoma cells. Backpack mice developed highly vascularized subcutaneous tumors. Mesangial IgA deposits were observed only in dimeric IgA hybridoma back-pack animals. No significant staining was observed in glomeruli from animals injected with hybridoma cells producing monomeric IgA. None of the hybridomas induced mesangial deposition when injected intraperitoneally. This animal model demonstrates the capacity of circulating IgA dimers to spontaneously form mesangial deposits and contributes to confirm the involvement of abnormalities of mucosal immunity in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

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Immunoreactivity of Tissue Plasminogen Activator and of Its Inhibitor Complexes

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646605 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 61 (03) ◽

pp. 409-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

M Rånby ◽

G Nguyen ◽

P Y Scarabin ◽

M Samama

Keyword(s):

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Free Form ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tissue Plasminogen ◽

Pai 1

SummaryAn enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on goat polyclonal antibodies against human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was evaluated. The relative immunoreactivity of tPA in free form and tPA in complex with inhibitors was estimated by ELISA and found to be 100, 74, 94, 92 and 8l% for free tPA and tPA in complex with PAI-1, PAI-2, α2-antiplasmin and C1-inhibitor, respectively. Addition of tPA to PAI-1 rich plasma resulted in rapid and total loss of tPA activity without detectable loss of ELISA response, indicating an immunoreactivity of tPA in tPA/PAI-1 complex of about l00%. Three different treatments of citrated plasma samples (acidification/reneutralization, addition of 5 mM EDTA or of 0.5 M lysine) prior to determination by ELISA all resulted in increased tPA levels. The fact that the increase was equally large in all three cases along with good analytical recovery of tPA added to plasffi, supported the notion that all tPA antigen present in plasma samples is measured by the ELISA. Analysis by ELISA of fractions obtained by gel filtration of plasma from a patient undergoing tPA treatment identified tPA/inhibitor complexes and free tPA but no low molecular weight degradation products of tPA. Determinations of tPA antigen were made at seven French clinical laboratories on coded and randomized plasma samples with known tPA antigen content. For undiluted samples there was no significant difference between the tPA levels found and those known to be present. The between-assay coefficient of variation was 7 to 10%. In conclusion, the ELISA appeared suited for determination of total tPA antigen in human plasma samples.

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