Characterization and Pharmacological Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using the Bark Extract of Garcinia Kola

The delinquent peril of bacterial infections affecting human kind is becoming unbearable. This study was embarked on to investigate the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Garcinia kola bark extract against some bacteria strains. Fresh barks of Garcinia kola were obtained from the “Gbeleju” farm land in Irele town in Ondo state region of Nigeria. Exactly 0.4 g of previously pulverized bark of Garcinia kola was immersed into 20 mL of distilled water and heated at 60–70°C for 10 minutes yielding the extract. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was characterized with UV spectroscope, Fourier infrared spectroscope (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive X-Ray analyzer (EDX). Then, 0.2 g of the silver nanoparticles was dissolved in 2 ml of water to yield 100 mg/ml of the stock solution which was further diluted for the antibacterial analysis via the disc diffusion method. The result obtained from the analytical characterization of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles revealed a spherical particle shape, particle size in the range of 12.23 to 27.90 nm with an average size of 20.07 nm via TEM analysis. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of -OH functional group for the stabilization of the silver nanoparticles formed due to the broad peak at wavelength 3324.52 and 3344.21 cm−1. The EDX analysis revealed carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, aluminum, potassium, copper, and silver as the elements present in the nanoparticles. Results obtained from the antibacterial screening of the biosynthesized AgNPs showed inhibitory potential that are capable of obstructing the growth of the test bacteria. This investigation ascertained the biosynthesized AgNPs as a remedy for curing bacterial infections and also a promising source for novel antibacterial agent.

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Green Strategy–Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications

Frontiers in Nanotechnology ◽

10.3389/fnano.2021.697303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth Ssekatawa ◽

Denis K. Byarugaba ◽

Charles D. Kato ◽

Eddie M. Wampande ◽

Francis Ejobi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Prunus Africana ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Biosynthesized Agnps ◽

Average Size

Antibiotics have been the nucleus of chemotherapy since their discovery and introduction into the healthcare system in the 1940s. They are routinely used to treat bacterial infections and to prevent infections in patients with compromised immune systems and enhancing growth in livestock. However, resistance to last-resort antibiotics used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections has been reported worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate green synthesized nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as alternatives to antibiotics. UV-vis spectroscopy surface plasmon resonance peaks for AgNPs were obtained between 417 and 475 nm. An X-ray diffraction analysis generated four peaks for both Prunus africana extract (PAE) and Camellia sinensis extract (CSE) biosynthesized AgNPs positioned at 2θ angles of 38.2°, 44.4°, 64.5°, and 77.4° corresponding to crystal planes (111), (200), (220), and (311), respectively. A dynamic light-scattering analysis registered the mean zeta potential of +6.3 mV and +0.9 mV for PAE and CSE biosynthesized nanoparticles, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra exhibited bands corresponding to different organic functional groups confirming the capping of AgNPs by PAE and CSE phytochemicals. Field emission scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that AgNPs were spherical with average size distribution ranging from 10 to 19 nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited maximum growth inhibitory zones of 21 mm with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 125 and 250 μg/ml, respectively, against carbapenem-resistant bacteria.

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Functional Attributes of Myco-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Fungi: A New Implication in Biomedical Applications

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10060473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 473

Author(s):

Prabu Kumar Seetharaman ◽

Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran ◽

Rajiv Periakaruppan ◽

Sathishkumar Gnanasekar ◽

Sivaramakrishnan Sivaperumal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Penicillium Oxalicum ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Average Size

To develop a benign nanomaterial from biogenic sources, we have attempted to formulate and fabricate silver nanoparticles synthesized from the culture filtrate of an endophytic fungus Penicillium oxalicum strain LA-1 (PoAgNPs). The synthesized PoAgNPs were exclusively characterized through UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorbance around 430 nm with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and exhibited a face-centered cubic crystalline nature in XRD analysis. Proteins presented in the culture filtrate acted as reducing, capping, and stabilization agents to form PoAgNPs. TEM analysis revealed the generation of polydispersed spherical PoAgNPs with an average size of 52.26 nm. The PoAgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens. The PoAgNPs induced a dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231), and apoptotic morphological changes were observed by dual staining. Additionally, PoAgNPs demonstrated better larvicidal activity against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Moreover, the hemolytic test indicated that the as-synthesized PoAgNPs are a safe and biocompatible nanomaterial with versatile bio-applications.

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Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bark Extract of Syzygium cumini

Journal of Nanoparticles ◽

10.1155/2013/431218 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Ram Prasad ◽

Vyshnava Satyanarayana Swamy

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Major Attention

The unique property of the silver nanoparticles having the antimicrobial activity drags the major attention towards the present nanotechnology. The environmentally nontoxic, ecofriendly, and cost-effective method that has been developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts creates the major research interest in the field of nanobiotechnology. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have been characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated by well diffusion method, and it was found that the biogenic silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Azotobacter chroococcum WR 9, and Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 9555).

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Green Silver Nanoparticles Using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Genotoxic Effects

The EuroBiotech Journal ◽

10.2478/ebtj-2021-0020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 109-122

Author(s):

Tuğba Kahraman ◽

Safiye Elif Korcan ◽

Recep Liman ◽

İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci ◽

Yaser Acikbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽

Average Size ◽

Novel Applications ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a variety of biomedical applications in the last two decades, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer treatments. The present study highlights the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs using Neopestalotiopsis clavispora MH244410.1 and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and genotoxic properties. Locally isolated N. clavispora MH244410.1 was identified by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Optimization of synthesized AgNPs was performed by using various parameters (pH (2, 4, 7, 9 and 12), temperature (25, 35 and 45 °C), and substrate concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 mM)). After 72 hours of incubation in dark conditions, the best condition for the biosynthesis of AgNPs was determined as 0.25 mM metal concentration at pH 12 and 35 °C. Fungal synthesized AgNPs were characterized via spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as Fouirer Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average size of the AgNPs was determined less than 60 nm using the TEM and Zetasizer measurement system (measured in purity water suspension). The characteristic peak of AgNPs was observed at ~414 nm from UV-Vis results. Antibacterial and genotoxic activity of synthesized AgNPs (0.1, 1, and 10 ppm) were also determined by using the agar well diffusion method and in vivo Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. AgNPs exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) except Escherichia coli in a dose-dependent manner. AgNPs did not induce genotoxicity in the Drosophila SMART assay. 79.33, 65.47, and 41.95% inhibition of biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa were observed at 10, 1, and 0.1 ppm of AgNPs, respectively. The overall results indicate that N. clavispora MH244410.1 is a good candidate for novel applications in biomedical research.

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Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Anagalis arvensis and Their Biomedical Applications

10.20944/preprints201809.0282.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mohib Shah ◽

Natasha Anwar ◽

Samreen Saleem ◽

Iqbal Munir ◽

Niaz Ali Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

The Stability ◽

Average Size ◽

Biological Methods

Background. Nanotechnology is promising field for generating new applications. A green synthesis of nanoparticles through biological methods using plant extract have a reliable and ecofriendly approach to improve our global environment. Methods. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Anagalis arvensis L and silver nitrate and were physicochemically characterized. Results. The stability of AgNPs toward acidity, alkalinity, salinity and temperature showed that they remained stable at room temperature for more than two months. The SEM and TEM analysis of the AgNPs showed that they have a uniform spherical shape with an average size in the range of 40–78 nm. Further 1-Dibhenyl-2-Picrylhydrazl radical in Anagalis arvensis L.mediated AgNPs showed a maximum activity of 98% at concentration of 200μg/mL. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay in Anagalis arvensis L. mediated AgNPs showed a maximum activity of 85% at concentration of 200μg/mL. Reducing power of Anagalis arvensis L.Ag NPs exhibited a higher activity of 330 μg/mL at concentration of 200 μg/mL. These NPs have cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) nauplii with a value of 53% LD 178.04μg/mL. Conclusion. The AgNPs synthesized using Anagalis arvensis L. extract demonstrate a broad range of applications.

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Silver Nanoparticles Formation by Jatropha integerrima and LC/MS-QTOF-Based Metabolite Profiling

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11092400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2400

Author(s):

Afrah E. Mohammed ◽

Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis ◽

Ishrat Rahman ◽

Modhi O. Alotaibi ◽

Rasha Saad Suliman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Average Size

The broad application of metal nanoparticles in different fields encourages scientists to find alternatives to conventional synthesis methods to reduce negative environmental impacts. Herein, we described a safe method for preparing silver nanoparticles (J-AgNPs) using Jatropha integerrima leaves extract as a reducing agent and further characterize its physiochemical and pharmacological properties to identify its therapeutic potential as a cytotoxic and antimicrobial agent. The biogenic synthesized J-AgNPs were physiochemically characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. HPLC-DAD, followed by LC/MS and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), was applied to detect the biomolecules of J. integerrima involved in the fabrication of NPs. Furthermore, J-AgNPs and the ampicillin-nanocomposite conjugate were investigated for their potential antibacterial effects against four clinical isolates. Finally, cytotoxic effects were also investigated against cancer and normal cell lines, and their mechanism was assessed using TEM analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Ag ions were reduced to spherical J-AgNPs, with a zeta potential of −34.7 mV as well as an average size of 91.2 and 22.8 nm as detected by DLS and TEM, respectively. HPLC GC/MC analysis identified five biomolecules, and FTIR suggested the presence of proteins besides polyphenolic molecules; together, these molecules could be responsible for the reduction and capping processes during NP formation. Additionally, J-AgNPs displayed a strong antibacterial effect, although the ampicillin conjugated form had a very weak antibacterial effect. Furthermore, the NPs caused a reduction in cell viability of all the treated cells by initiating ultrastructural changes and apoptosis, as identified by TEM and LSM analysis. Therefore, J-AgNPs can be formed using the leaf extract from the J. integerrima plant. Furthermore, J-AgNPs may serve as a candidate for further biochemical and pharmacological testing to identify its therapeutic value.

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A Novel Green Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC Fruit Extract and Its Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.1.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 5323-5333

Author(s):

Dr. Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana ◽

Ramya Jayendra ◽

Arpitha Narayan ◽

Meghana Siddappa Konasur

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Agar Disc ◽

Tabebuia Rosea ◽

Average Size ◽

Antibacterial Potential

Plant based synthesis of nanoparticles has generated worldwide interest because of cost-effectiveness, eco-friendly nature and abundance of applications. In the present investigation , antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of aqueous extract of Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC (T. rosea) fruit extract has been investigated. Agar disc diffusion method was used for determining the antimicrobial activity of selected aqueous fruit extract AgNPs. Phytochemical analysis of aqueous fruit extract of T. rosea fruit revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, glycosides, Vitamin-C, proteins and terpenoids. AgNPs synthesis using T. rosea aqueous fruit extract and characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 420 nm and average size of 82.9 nm, FT-IR analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope, EDX and X-ray diffraction analysis. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of green synthesized AgNPs recorded the more potent activity against selected human bacterial pathogens. The results obtained indicated that the fruit extract of T. rosea as well as AgNPs have strong and effective antibacterial potential that provide marvelous source for the development of new drug molecules of herbal origin which may be used for the welfare of humanity.

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Multifaceted Phytogenic Silver Nanoparticles by a Rare Insectivorous Plant Drosera Spatulata Labill Var.bakoensis and its Enhanced Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal and in Vitro Cytotoxic Studies

10.21203/rs.3.rs-551191/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susmila Aparna Gaddam ◽

Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi ◽

Gunasekhar. Kalavakunta ◽

Josthna Penchalaneni ◽

Varadarajulu Naidu Challagundla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Human Colon ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Human Colon Cancer ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Insectivorous Plant ◽

Average Size

Abstract The current investigation highlights the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the insectivorous plant Drosera spatulata Labill var.bakoensis, which is the first of its kind. The biosynthesized nanoparticles revealed a UV visible surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 427 nm. The natural phytoconstituents which reduce the monovalent silver were identified by FTIR. The particle size of the Ds-AgNPs was detected by the Nanoparticle size analyzer confirms that the average size of nanoparticles was around 23 ± 2 nm. Ds-AgNPs exhibit high stability because of their high negative zeta potential (-34.1 mV). AFM studies also revealed that the Ds-AgNPs were spherical in shape and average size ranges from 10 to 20 ± 5 nm. TEM analysis also revealed that the average size of Ds-AgNPs was also around 21 ± 4 nm and the shape is roughly spherical and well dispersed. The crystal nature of Ds-AgNPs was detected as a face-centered cube by the XRD analysis. Furthermore, studies on antibacterial and antifungal activities manifested outstanding antimicrobial activities of Ds-AgNPs compared with standard antibiotic Amoxyclav. In addition, demonstration of superior free radical scavenging efficacy coupled with potential in vitro cytotoxic significance on Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) suggests that the Ds-AgNPs attain excellent multifunctional therapeutic applications.

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Instrumental Characterization and Antibacterial Investigation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Garcinia Kola Leaf

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i6-s.3749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6-s) ◽

pp. 58-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sunday Adewale AKINTELU ◽

Aderonke Similoluwa FOLORUNSO ◽

Olabisi Theresa ADEMOSUN

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Surface Plasmon ◽

Silver Nanoparticle ◽

Nitrate Solution ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Average Particle ◽

Silver Surface ◽

Garcinia Kola ◽

X Ray

The need to devise another method of synthesizing nanoparticles from sources that are eco-friendly, non-hazardous and cost effectiveness is of great importance in preventing environmental and health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Garcinia kola leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles synthesis. The leaves of Garcinia kola obtained were authenticated, air dried, pulverized and extracted. The extract was mixed with aqueous solution of silver nitrate solution to form silver nanoparticles and were characterized using Ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial investigation of the synthesized silver nanoparticle was carried out following the disk diffusion method. UV analysis revealed the silver surface plasmon band at 425.18 nm, The FTIR indicated -OH, -C=C- and alkane as the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of the silver nanoparticle formed. The morphological assessment from SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that the silver nanoparticle formed are spherical in shape with an average particle size of 28.80nm.The EDX analysis ascertained that the silver surface plasmon resonance at 2.8–3.2 keV was confirmed the reduction of silver ion (Ag+ to Ag0). The XRD study revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles synthesized. The antibacterial investigation showed high inhibition against the growth of tested bacteria. This study ascertained that the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle without the use of harmful solvent that are offensive to the environment is achievable. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial activity and Garcinia kola.

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Microbial Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Lactobacillus Plantarum TA4 and its Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10196973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 6973

Author(s):

Hidayat Mohd Yusof ◽

Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman ◽

Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽

Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Reduction Process ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Cell Biomass ◽

Biosynthesized Agnps

The present study aimed to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum TA4 in tolerating Ag+ and its ability to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM). The cell biomass of L. plantarum TA4 demonstrated the ability to tolerate Ag+ at a concentration of 2 mM, followed by the formation of AgNPs. This was confirmed by the visual observation of color changes and a presence of maximum UV–Vis absorption centered at 429 nm. HR-TEM analysis revealed that the AgNPs were spherical with an average size of 14.0 ± 4.7 nm, while the SEM-EDX analysis detected that the particles were primarily located on the cell membrane of L. plantarum TA4. Further, DLS analysis revealed that the polydispersity index (PDI) value of biosynthesized AgNPs was 0.193, implying the monodispersed characteristic of NPs. Meanwhile, the FTIR study confirmed the involvement of functional groups from the cell biomass that involved in the reduction process. Moreover, biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of biosynthesized AgNPs that was evaluated using the DPPH assay showed considerable antioxidant potential. Results from this study provide a sustainable and inexpensive method for the production of AgNPs.

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