Enterotype Bacteroides Is Associated with a High Risk in Patients with Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Background. More and more studies focus on the relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiome and type 2 diabetes, but few of them have actually explored the relationship between enterotypes and type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 134 patients with type 2 diabetes and 37 nondiabetic controls. The anthropometric and clinical indices of each subject were measured. Fecal samples of each subject were also collected and were processed for 16S rDNA sequencing. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of enterotypes with type 2 diabetes. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between lipopolysaccharide levels and insulin sensitivity after adjusting for age, BMI, TG, HDL-C, DAO, and TNF-α. The correlation analysis between factors and microbiota was identified using Spearman correlation analysis. The correlation analysis between factors was identified using partial correlation analysis. Results. Gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes group exhibited lower bacterial diversity compared with nondiabetic controls. The fecal communities from all subjects clustered into two enterotypes distinguished by the levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Bacteroides enterotype was an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes by decreasing insulin sensitivity. The levels of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were higher in the Bacteroides enterotype compared to the Prevotella enterotype. Partial correlation analysis showed that lipopolysaccharide was closely associated with diamine oxidase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and Gutt insulin sensitivity index after adjusting for multiple covariates. Furthermore, the level of lipopolysaccharide was found to be an independent risk factor for insulin sensitivity. Conclusions. We identified two enterotypes, Bacteroides and Prevotella, among all subjects. Our results showed that the Bacteroides enterotype was an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which was due to increased levels of lipopolysaccharide causing decreased insulin sensitivity.

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Serum High Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes May Be an Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research ◽

10.32629/jcmr.v2i2.347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lingfen Zeng ◽

Jieming Sun ◽

Ming Cui

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Lipoprotein A

Objective — To investigate whether serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent risk factor for abnormal blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method — Analyzed data collected from diabetes patients and epidemiological survey from January 1,2020 to May 01,2021, with hypertension as a dependent variable, metabolic index such as glycosylated hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride and Lp(a) were independent variables, established logistic regression equation, analyze the influence of their variables on dependent variables. Results — The OR value of Lp(a) is 1.020, 95% confidence intervals (1.006, 1.035), p 0.006; The OR value of age is 1.073, 95% confidence interval (1.028, 1.119); and OR of the remaining parameters were tested no statistically different, p>0.05. Conclusions — The abnormal elevated Lp(a) level in the serum of type 2 diabetic patients may be related to the occurrence of hypertension. For patients with high Lp(a), Monitoring blood pressure may help to better detect and diagnose hypertension. At the same time, it is suggested that reducing serum Lp(a) level may reduce the risk of hypertension.

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Microalbuminuria as an independent risk factor for heart failure in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Acta Medica Saliniana ◽

10.5457/ams.v49i2.496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Enisa Karić ◽

Zumreta Kušljugić ◽

Enisa Ramić ◽

Olivera Batić- Mujanović ◽

Amila Bajraktarević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

The Elderly ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Introduction:The study evaluated of microalbuminuria as a predictor of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Materials and methods:The prospective study conducted in a period of time from 01-Feb-2007 to 01-Feb-2010.The study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, who had diabetes longer than 5 years. All subjects (average age 66 ± 10 years, 33% male, 67% female) were tested for the presence of microalbuminuria, and 50 patients had microalbuminuria. The second group comprised 50 patients without of microalbuminuria with diabetes mellitus type 2.Results:In the patients with microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus were found 22% of heart failure and 6% in the second group. Average time to the occurance of heart failure in the first group was 32,5 months, in the second group was 35,3 months.Conclusions:The results show that microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and microalbuminuria. Patients without microalbuminuria had 3,7 less likely to development heart failure compared to patients with microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus.

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The association between serum uric acid and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by gender: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10691

Author(s):

Yimeng Hu ◽

Qinge Li ◽

Rui Min ◽

Yingfeng Deng ◽

Yancheng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and several diabetic complications or co-morbidities remains a matter of debate. The study aims to explore the association between SUA levels and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 2,809 participants (1,784 males and 1,025 females) were included in this cross-sectional study. Clinical characteristics and the prevalence of each of the four diseases were analyzed based on gender-specific quartiles of SUA levels. The Pearson correlation analysis and linear-regression analysis were used to access the correlation between SUA levels and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine whether SUA was an independent risk factor for each of the four complications. Results SUA levels were positively correlated to BMI, BUN, Scr and TG, but negatively associated with eGFR, HDL, FBG, 2h-PG and HbA1c% for the patients with T2DM. The prevalence of NAFLD and DN, but not DR or DPN, were increased with SUA levels from the first to the fourth quartile. Binary logistic regression further disclosed that SUA was an independent risk factor for NAFLD (ORs Male = 1.002, ∗P = 0.0013; ORs Female = 1.002, ∗P = 0.015) and DN (ORs Male = 1.006, ∗P < 0.001; ORs Female = 1.005, ∗P < 0.001), but not for DR and DPN. After adjustment for the confounders, SUA levels were significantly associated with NAFLD within the 3rd (ORs = 1.829, P = 0.004) and 4th quartile (ORs = 2.064, P = 0.001) for women, but not independently associated with SUA for man. On the other hand, our results revealed increased prevalence of DN for SUA quartile 2 (ORs = 3.643, P = 0.039), quartile 3 (ORs = 3.967, P = 0.024) and quartile 4 (ORs = 9.133, P < 0.001) in men; however, SUA quartiles were significantly associated with DN only for quartile 4 (ORs = 4.083, P = 0.042) in women Conclusion For patients with T2DM, elevated SUA concentration is an independent risk factor for the prevalence of NAFLD and DN after adjustment for other indicators, but not DR or DPN.

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The Effect of Replacing Carbohydrate-based Breakfast Foods with Eggs on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes (P08-045-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-045-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Maki ◽

Orsolya Palacios ◽

Mary Buggia ◽

Mary Dicklin ◽

Marjorie Bell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factor

Abstract Objectives To assess the effect of breakfast egg intake, vs. energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO)-based foods, on insulin sensitivity and markers of cardiometabolic health in adults at-risk for type 2 diabetes. Methods Overweight or obese adults with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome were included in this randomized crossover study consisting of two 4-wk dietary intervention periods, separated by a ≥4 wk washout. During each intervention, subjects consumed study products containing either 2 eggs/d for 6 d/wk (12 eggs/wk) or energy-matched CHO-based foods for breakfast. Percent changes from baseline were assessed for insulin sensitivity; CHO metabolism; lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipids, subfactions and particle sizes; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); and blood pressures (BP). Results Overall, 30 subjects (11 male; 19 female) with mean age of 53.5 ± 1.9 y and body mass index (BMI) of 31.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2 provided evaluable data. Median low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased by 6.0% from a baseline of 119 mg/dL after 4-wk intake of the CHO breakfast foods, which was larger than the 2.9% reduction during the egg condition (P = 0.023 between diets). Mean systolic blood pressure was reduced significantly more during the egg condition vs. the CHO condition (2.7% vs. 0.0%, respectively, P = 0.018) from a baseline value of 127 mmHg. None of the other cardiometabolic risk factor parameters showed significant differences in response between diet conditions. Conclusions Intake of 12 eggs/wk for breakfast, vs. energy matched CHO-based foods, did not adversely affect the cardiometabolic risk factor profile in men and women at risk for diabetes. Funding Sources American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center, Park Ridge, IL Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin 6, and C-Reactive Protein with the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Rural Thais

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/9051929 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jirayu Lainampetch ◽

Pornpimol Panprathip ◽

Chanchira Phosat ◽

Noppanath Chumpathat ◽

Pattaneeya Prangthip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor

The linkage of obesity, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively investigated for over a decade. However, the association between inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and T2DM is still inconsistent and limited. Thus, this study is aimed at elucidating the association between inflammatory marker levels and the risk of developing T2DM in many aspects. Among 296 subjects enrolled in 2013, 248 non-T2DM subjects who were completely reinvestigated in 2014 and 2015 were included in a 2-year retrospective analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of baseline inflammatory marker levels and variation with incidence of T2DM. After the 2-year follow-up, 18.6% of total subjects had developed T2DM. The risk of developing T2DM was significantly increased in subjects with a high level of baseline CRP (OR=4.02, 95% CI: 1.77-9.12, P=0.001), and a stronger impact was found with the combination of high CRP and IL-6 levels (OR=5.11, 95% CI: 1.27-20.49, P=0.021). One-year inflammatory marker variation analysis also revealed the significant association of elevated TNF-α and risk of developing T2DM (OR=4.88, 95% CI: 1.01-23.49, P=0.048). In conclusion, besides consideration of CRP levels alone, our findings suggested that IL-6 outstandingly plays a contributing role in T2DM progression and elevated TNF-α levels over time could be a potential predictor of T2DM.

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Polymorphism -238 G/A in Promotor Region of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Gene Is a Risk Factor for Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease in Spanish Population.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.2604.2604 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 2604-2604

Author(s):

Jaime Fernandez De Velasco ◽

Pilar Llamas ◽

Raquel De Ona ◽

Ana Belen Santos ◽

Elena Meseguer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Necrosis Factor

Abstract Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The atherosclerotic plaque, the pathological hallmark of CVD, is an inflammatory process, where pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα secretion shows a high degree of interindividual variability, which is at least partly genetically determined. We have analysed the prevalence of −238 G/A and −308 G/A polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the TNFα gene promoter in CVD. Patients and methods: Genotypic analyses were performed on 308 consecutive unrelated patients diagnosed with ischemic CVD, 147 women and 161 men, mean age 70±0.8 years, who were diagnosed according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. All included cases were age and sex matched to a control from the same geographic area who had no history of vascular disease. Patients and controls completed a questionnaires including blood pressure, diabetes status, total serum cholesterol level and smoking history. The TNFα variants were detected by PCR using primers containing a single base-pair mismatch to introduce a restriction site into the wild-type nucleotide sequences after amplification. PCR products were digested with NcoI and MspI to detect −308 and −238 variants, respectively. The strength of the association of the polymorphisms with the occurrence of CVD was estimated by calculation of the OR and its 95%CI by exact method. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk in a multivariable predictive model with dependent variable (case/control) and all independent variables significant in the bivariate analysis. SPSS 9.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Genotype analysis showed a significant higher prevalence of the G/A and A/A genotypes of −238 G/A TNFα in patients (p< 0.01;OR= 2.16;95%CI= 1.40–3.34). The prevalence of the A allele was also significantly increased in the group of CVD patients than in the controls (13.6% vs 7.0%; p<0.01;OR=2.10;95%CI=1.40–3.17). By contrast, the distribution of −308 genotypes for patients did not differ from their control group (84.9% vs 81.1% and 14.4% vs 16.9%, respectively; p=0.21;OR=0.76;95%CI=0.48–1.20) or in the A allele frequencies (7.9% vs 10.4%; p=0.12;OR=0.73;95%CI=0.48–1.11). When analysis was performed for the two more frequently subtypes of CVD, atherotrombotic subtype showed an higher prevalence of the A allele of -238 G/A polymorphism, as compared with the undetermined etiology (16.5% vs 11.2%;p=0.06;OR=1.86;95%CI= 0.91–3.82). By contrast, the variant −308 G/A did not differ from the different subtypes. Logistic regression analysis showed a independent association of A haplotype of −238 G/A TNFα with CVD. Also hypertension, diabetes mellitus and current smoking status were statistically associated with CVD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the A allele of −238 G/A TNFα promoter polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for ischemic CVD in Spanish population. Data on the distribution of genotypes and corresponding allelic frequencies of −238 G/A and −308 G/A TNFα polymorphisms in CVD are scant. The present study is the first to analyses these variants in CVD patients from this geographic area.

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Apolipoprotein B Is an Independent Risk Factor for Microalbuminuria in Taiwanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.26.10.2965 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2965-2966 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.-H. Tseng

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Independent Risk Factor

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Assessment of Hypogonadism in Men With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia

Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1177/1179551417710209 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 117955141771020 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ayman Abdullah Al Hayek ◽

Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽

Ghazi Alshammari ◽

Husain Hakami ◽

Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Incidence

Background/objectives: A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been globally reported. This study aimed to determining the frequency of hypogonadism and related risk factors among men with T2D in a single-site hospital in Saudi Arabia. Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 157 men with T2D (between 30 and 70 years of age). Using a prestructured questionnaire, the demographic features of these patients were gathered and their medical records were referred to gather information regarding the duration of the diabetes, smoking habits, and the presence of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Besides these, the biochemical parameters, total testosterone (TT), free testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin were also recorded. All the patients submitted the fully completed Androgen Deficiency in Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire. The combination of symptoms (positive ADAM score) plus a TT level ⩽8 nmol/L constituted the condition of hypogonadism. Results: The total frequency of hypogonadism was 22.9% (36/157). Of the 157 total patients, 123 (78.3%) were shown to be ADAM positive, and of these, 90 (73.2%) exhibited decreased libido, 116 (94.3%) had weak erections, and 99 (80.5%) reported more than 3 symptoms of ADAM. Of these hypogonadic patients, 22.2% (n = 8) revealed primary hypogonadism, whereas 77.8% (n = 28) showed secondary hypogonadism. From the univariate analysis conducted, significant relationship was observed between treatment type, body mass index (BMI), and hypogonadism. The regression analysis showed BMI acting an independent risk factor of hypogonadism. Conclusions: Saudi men with T2D revealed a high incidence of hypogonadism. Body mass index was identified as an independent risk factor for hypogonadism.

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