scholarly journals Food Safety Risk Assessment of γ-Butyrolactone Transformation into Dangerous γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Beverages by Quantitative 13C-NMR Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shaoming Jin ◽  
Xiao Ning ◽  
Jin Cao ◽  
Yaonan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Food Safety Risk ◽  
And Storage

Food safety remains a matter of great concern in most countries and the composition in food is crucial to food safety. It is very important to make sense of the quality and change of food ingredients. In this research, the change of γ-butyrolactone (GBL), one kind of food additive in beverage, had been evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The 1H-NMR results of seven beverages covering various kinds with spiked GBL indicated that GBL was transformed into dangerous γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in six popular beverages under certain conditions which could happen during transportation and storage. Further results of quantitative 13C-NMR showed that pH and temperature were two key factors affecting the transforming degree of GBL to GHB. Lower pH and higher temperature will increase the degree of transformation. GHB was a neurotransmitter on the chemical control list, which was absolutely forbidden to be added to food. This nondestructive NMR detecting technology which did not need the complex pretreatment method to directly determine food ingredients can be useful for identifying the risk of food safety from the changes of food composition during transport and storage.

scholarly journals Some factors affecting silage fermentation. 1. Influence of laceration and storage temperature.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
G.W. Wieringa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
And Storage

In laboratory-scale ensiling experiments [See Abs. 602] it was shown that lactic-acid bacteria developed more rapidly in silage made from crushed grass than in silage made from grass chopped into 5-cm. lengths. In further experiments using grass of high-protein and low dry-matter content, crushed and ensiled at 20 or 30 degrees C., or uncrushed grass ensiled at 30 degrees G. with 1, 2, 3 or 4% of added molasses, good silage was produced only where 4% molasses or the lower temperature was used. Butyric-acid bacteria developed best at the higher temperature.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Factors affecting Cloud Computing adoption in Higher Learning Institutions in South Africa: A case of Matjhabeng TVET Colleges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Moloja ◽  
Ephias Ruhode
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Cloud Computing Adoption ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
And Storage

Cloud Computing is one of the most important trends and newest area in the field of information technology in which resources (e.g. CPU and storage) can be leased and released by customers through the Internet in an on-demand basis. The adoption of Cloud Computing in Higher Learning Institution is a real opportunity. Although Cloud computing has gained popularity in the world especially in education and industry, but its impact in colleges is still unexplored. This exploratory qualitative research seeks to identify the factors affecting the adoption of Cloud Computing in South Africa, focusing on Matjhabeng TVET colleges. 35 IT stakeholders from two TVET colleges was interviewed. Thematic analysis was utilised to analase data. After data was analysed, the findings revealed that data security, lack of internet access and lack of infrastructure resources are key factors that affects Cloud computing adoption in Matjhabeng TVET colleges. This paper contributes to the literature on Cloud Computing adoption in Higher Learning Institutions in South Africa.

Multi-Tools Approach for Food Safety Risk Management of Steam Meals

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 2638-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFANO PERNI ◽  
RIJKELT R. BEUMER ◽  
MARCEL H. ZWIETERING
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Many ◽  
Food Safety Risk

Steamed meals comprise a new type of meal in which various raw ingredients are packed together and then cooked by the consumer just before consumption. The presence of raw ingredients and the absence of any inactivation step before home cooking could significantly impact the safety of these meals. In this study some of the many tools available to assess food safety were combined to determine the factors affecting the food safety of this new kind of meal. First the hazards were identified using Stepwise and Interactive Evaluation of Food Safety by an Expert System (SIEFE); then food safety objectives for various food pathogens were determined, and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP), Risk Ranger, and predictive microbiology (gamma model) were used to determine the appropriate measures to meet the target set. Finally, links to the performance objective of the cooking stage are also proposed for Salmonella as it had the lowest food safety objectives. The SIEFE methodology excluded only Clostridium botulinum from the possible foodborne pathogens capable of causing foodborne illnesses from these meals, while use of HACCP and modelling demonstrated that cooking is the critical step in preparation of the meals. Risk Ranger was used to rank the possible pathogens: Salmonella and Campylobacter scores were the highest, Bacillus cereus the lowest. Risk Ranger was also used to assess the effect of the cooking stage on food safety and confirmed the importance of this process.

“My Roommates Would Laugh at me”: Young Males Reveal Embarrassment over Lack of Food Skills

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristen Simonds ◽  
Lucy Yixuan Zhang ◽  
June I. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
And Storage

Purpose: This descriptive qualitative study explored young males’ perceptions of food skills in 3 domains: food selection and planning, food preparation, and food safety and storage. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: Forty-four young men (aged 17–35) reported varying levels of food skills, from little/no confidence to very confident and skilled. Most participants learned food skills from their mothers. Greater involvement in food selection and planning at a young age appeared to be related to parental influence and encouragement, exposure to food skills at school, and interest in food-related activities, which, in turn, provided a solid foundation for being confident cooks as young adults. Most notable was the lack of knowledge about, or confidence in, food safety and storage. Young men with low self-perceived food skills were deeply embarrassed about this deficiency in front of peers who had higher levels of confidence and skills. Conclusions: Future interventions or curricula should emphasize food safety and storage. This research also illustrates the importance of the home environment in teaching food skills to youth and ensuring that food skills are taught well before young adults begin living independently.

EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenevna Mashyanova ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Financial System

In modern conditions of development, financial security is an integral part of the overall security of the region and is formed on the basis of the functioning of the financial system. The complication of relationships between key segments of international financial markets, as well as the limited ability to accurately predict future trends in the development of the global financial system, lead to a gradual increase in the risks that accompany the activities of economic entities, and an increase in the number and scale of internal and external threats that have a negative impact on the financial security of the state. This formulation of the issue requires generalization of approaches to determining the financial security of the region in order to further formalize this issue and determine the key factors affecting it. The article considers the types of financial security, as well as certain areas of ensuring the financial security of the region and their priority. In work the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the region with a view to ensuring financial security on the basis of which offers the main activities and priority areas of implementation of the investment policy that will ensure financial security of the Republic of Crimea.

scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Western blotting between PVDF and NC membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Shaobo Liu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Direct Blue ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWestern blotting (WB) is one of the most widely used techniques to identify proteins as well as post translational modifications of proteins. The selection of electroblotted membrane is one of the key factors affecting the detection sensitivity of the protein which is transferred from gel to membrane in WB. The most common used membranes are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose (NC) membranes. Which membrane of these two is more suitable for WB has not been reported so far. Here, by incubating proteins which were transferred to PVDF or NC membranes with a series of antibodies and different types of lectins, we investigated the relationship between the binding ability of these two membranes to proteins or glycoproteins and the molecular weight of the target protein. The antibody re-probed ability of the two membranes was also explored. Moreover, we verified the above results by directly incubating proteins having different molecular weights onto PVDF or NC membranes. Bound proteins were stained with direct blue-71, and the staining intensity was quantitated by scanning and densitometry.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mobility as a Service and Autonomous Vehicles on People’s Willingness to Own a Car in the Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Timo Liljamo ◽  
Heikki Liimatainen ◽  
Markus Pöllänen ◽  
Riku Viri
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mobility Service ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mobility Behaviour

Car ownership is one of the key factors affecting travel behaviour and thus also essential in terms of sustainable mobility. This study examines car ownership and how people’s willingness to own a car may change in the future, when considering the effects of public transport, Mobility as a Service (MaaS) and automated vehicles (AVs). Results of two citizen surveys conducted with representative samples (NAV-survey = 2036; NMaaS-survey = 1176) of Finns aged 18–64 are presented. The results show that 39% of respondents would not want or need to own a car if public transport connections were good enough, 58% if the described mobility service was available and 65% if all vehicles in traffic were automated. Hence, car ownership can decrease as a result of the implementation of AVs and MaaS, and higher public transport quality of service. Current mobility behaviour has a strong correlation to car ownership, as respondents who use public transport frequently feel less of a will or need to own a car than others. Generally, women and younger people feel less of a will or need to own a car, but factors such as educational level and residential location seem to have a relatively low effect.

scholarly journals Optimize Design of Run-Flat Tires by Simulation and Experimental Research

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Huaqiao Liu ◽  
Yiren Pan ◽  
Huiguang Bian ◽  
Chuansheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structural Rigidity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Durability Testing

In this study, the two key factors affecting the thermal performance of the insert rubber and stress distribution on the tire sidewall were analyzed extensively through various performance tests and simulations to promote the development of run-flat tires. Four compounds and two structures of insert rubber were designed to investigate the effects of heat accumulation and stress distribution on durability testing at zero pressure. It was concluded that the rigidity and tensile strength of the compound were negatively correlated with temperature. The deformation was a key factor that affects energy loss, which could not be judged solely by the loss factor. The stress distribution, however, should be considered in order to avoid early damage of the tire caused by stress concentration. On the whole, the careful balance of mechanical strength, energy loss, and structural rigidity was the key to the optimal development of run-flat tires. More importantly, the successful implementation of the simulations in the study provided important and useful guidance for run-flat tire development.

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