scholarly journals Chloroquine Improves Deoxynivalenol-Induced Inflammatory Response and Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Simeng Liao ◽  
Shengguo Tang ◽  
Bie Tan ◽  
Jianjun Li ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Junction Protein

We investigated the effects of rapamycin (RAPA) and chloroquine (CQ) in supporting growth performance and the intestinal mucosal barrier in response to deoxynivalenol (DON) in piglets. A total of 32 healthy weaned piglets (bodyweight 7.10±0.58 kg) were divided into four groups and treated daily with RAPA (1 mg/kg BW), CQ (10 mg/kg BW), or a control volume of normal saline (two groups) until the end of the experiment. After feeding a basal diet for seven days, three groups were then switched to mildewed feed containing 1 mg kg/DON for a further seven days. In contrast to the control group, DON-treated piglets showed decreased average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (ADFI), as well as negatively affected intestinal morphology as indicated by villus height, crypt depth, and tight junction protein expression. A group treated with RAPA and DON showed increased intestinal autophagy, aggravated inflammatory responses, and damage to the intestinal mucosa and permeability, leading to reduced growth performance. Meanwhile, a group treated with CQ and DON showed indices comparable to the non-DON control group, with alleviated inflammatory cytokines and healthy intestinal morphology and structure. They also showed better growth performance compared to DON treatment alone. These findings have important implications for mediating autophagy against DON in vivo, as well as the potential for CQ in improving growth performance and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity in weanling piglets.

Effects of Glutamine on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. J. Wu ◽  
Z. H. Liu ◽  
C. Jiao ◽  
B. Y. Cheng ◽  
D. D. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Daily Gain

The effect of glutamine (Gln) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function were evaluated in broilers. A total of 320 birds were divided into a control group (CON) and three experimental groups (Gln 1, Gln 2 and Gln 3). Broilers of group CON received basal diet; broilers in group Gln 1, Gln 2 and Gln 3 were supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5 % Gln, respectively, for 42 days. The results indicated that Gln has no influence on the average daily gain (ADG) among the treatments in the periods of 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d (P > 0.05). However, Gln improved average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed intake: average daily gain (F: G), increased the villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) and the activities of sucrose, the ZO1, claudin-1 and occluding mRNA expression levels (P 0.05). Moreover, Gln decreased the crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in broilers at days 21 and 42 (P 0.05). In conclusion, Gln had a positive effect on growth performance and gut parameters by modifying the function of the intestinal mucosa barrier.

scholarly journals Effects of compound organic acid calcium on growth performance, hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier of male broilers under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1166
Author(s):  
Junna He ◽  
Lianxiang Ma ◽  
Jialing Qiu ◽  
Xintao Lu ◽  
Chuanchuan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Environment Temperature

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound organic acid calcium (COAC) on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant status and intestinal barrier of male broilers under high ambient temperature (32.7°C).Methods: Nine hundred healthy one-d-old Cobb-500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three groups with six replicates of 50 birds each. A basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.4% and 0.8% COAC, respectively were fed to birds for 6 weeks. All treatments were under high ambient indoor temperature of 32.7°C, and had a constant calcium and available phosphorus ratio.Results: The results showed that, compared with control, the average daily gain of broilers in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly increased and the ratio of feed to gain in in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly decreased at 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age (p<0.05). Compared with control, 0.8% COAC slightly decreased (p = 0.093) the content of malondialdehyde in liver at 42 days of age while 0.4% COAC significantly decreased (p<0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, 0.4% COAC significantly enhanced the intestinal barrier function via increasing jejunal and ileal ocln transcription, promoting jejunal mucin 2 transcription at 42 days of age (p<0.05), and decreasing jejunal toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and ileal TLR-15, inducible nitric oxide synthase compared with control group (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant differences on the transcription of interleukin-1β in jejunum and ileum were observed among three treatments (p>0.05). Overall, heat stress caused by high natural environment temperature may induce the damage to hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier.Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of COAC can improve the tolerance of broilers to thermal environment through the modification of antioxidative parameters in liver and the mRNA expression of genes in intestinal barrier, resulting in an optimal inclusion level of 0.4%.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Bacillus and Non-starch Polysaccharase on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Associated Changes on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and Serum Antioxidant Profiles in Ducks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Peng ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Tuo Lv ◽  
Haohan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Group I ◽  
Similar Body

Given the desirable results of using probiotics and enzyme preparations as feed supplements in poultry health, here, the effects of Bacillus and Non-starch Polysaccharase (NSPase) on the growth performance, serum antioxidant profiles, and gut microbial communities of early stage ducks is investigated. A total of 400 Zhijiang ducks (of similar body weight and 1 day age) was selected and randomly divided into four groups. The feeding period was 28 days. Each group contained 10 replicates of 10 birds. Control group (I) was fed with basal diet, while treatment groups II to IV were fed, respectively, with 150 mg/kg NSPases, 25 mg/kg Bacillus probiotics, and 150 mg/kg NSPases + 25 mg/kg Bacillus probiotics in their basal diet. The results demonstrated that dietary Bacillus (25 mg/kg) increased average final weight, average daily gain (ADG), and decreased the malonaldehyde (MDA) in birds (P &lt; 0.05). Dietary Bacillus (25 mg/kg) and NSPases + Bacillus (150 mg/kg + 25 mg/kg) presented much higher glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in birds (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, as revealed by β-diversity indices and analysis of similarities, dietary NSPases + Bacillus could affect the ileum microbial abundances and diversities at the genera level (P &lt; 0.05), but it had no effect on the caecal microbiota. Also, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary Bacillus and NSPases + Bacillus increased the populations of Ruminococcaceae genera in the cecum (P &lt; 0.05), and S24-7_group and Lactobacillus genera in the ileum (P &lt; 0.05). However, dietary NSPases and Bacillus alone and in combination could significantly decrease the content of Bacteroides in the ileum (P &lt; 0.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, 7 ilea bacterial microbiomes (S24-7 group, Lactobacillus, Subgroup 2, Subgroup 1, Kitasatospora, Candidatus Solibacter, and Akkermansia) were positively correlated with SOD (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, Bacillus (25 mg/kg) and NSPases (150 mg/kg) included in the diet could efficiently enhance the growth performance by altered gut microbiota composition at the genera level and antioxidant indices of ducks.

scholarly journals Algae-Derived Polysaccharides Promote Growth Performance by Improving Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chao Liu ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Zhi-Hui Zhao ◽  
Rajesh Jha ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Final Body Weight

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of dietary algae-derived polysaccharides (ADPs) from Enteromorpha on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal permeability, and antioxidant capacity in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa of broilers. Three hundred and ninety six day-old male chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments containing 0 (Control), 1,000, 2,500, 4,000, 5,500, and 7,000 mg ADP/kg basal diet in a 35 day feeding trial. During day 1–21, compared with the control group, dietary 1,000–7,000 mg/kg ADP supplementation improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (p &lt; 0.05). Overall (day 1–35), dietary inclusion of 1,000 mg/kg ADP increased the final body weight and ADG (p &lt; 0.05). Besides, on day 21, dietary 2,500 mg/kg ADP supplementation increased the serum catalase (CAT) and liver total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities (p &lt; 0.05), whereas dietary 1,000–5,500 mg/kg ADP supplementation decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum and liver (p &lt; 0.05). On day 35, supplementation of 1,000 mg/kg ADP increased the serum glutathione peroxidase and CAT activities and liver T-SOD activities (p &lt; 0.05). It decreased the MDA level of serum and liver (p &lt; 0.05). Also, dietary 2,500 mg/kg ADP increased the villus height of jejunum and ileum on day 21 (p &lt; 0.05), and dietary 4,000 mg/kg ADP increased the villus height of duodenum and ileum on day 35 (p &lt; 0.05). On day 21, dietary 4,000 mg/kg ADP increased the CAT activities of the duodenum and T-SOD activities of jejunum and ileum and decreased the MDA contents in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p &lt; 0.05). On day 35, dietary inclusion of 1,000–7,000 mg/kg ADP reduced MDA contents of duodenum and jejunum (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, dietary inclusion of ADP at 1,000–7,000 mg/kg decreased serum DAO activities at day 21 and day 35 (p &lt; 0.05), and the serum D-lactic acid concentration was reduced by dietary supplementation of 1,000, 2,500, and 7,000 mg/kg ADP on day 21. In conclusion, dietary ADP exerted beneficial effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and gut health in broilers; based on the studied parameters, the appropriate recommended dose is 1,000–4,000 mg/kg. These findings provided new insights into the potential application of ADP as natural growth promoters in broilers.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, immune response, and intestinal permeability in broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiao xu ◽  
Shunli Yang ◽  
Joshua Seun Olajide ◽  
Zigang Qu ◽  
Zhenxing Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens

Abstract Background Necrotic enteritis (NE), which is caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), is an economically important disease in broiler. Among normal flora in the broiler intestinal, Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) has been identified as a probiotic agent that reduces the susceptibility of broilers to C. perfringens. It also promotes the repair of broiler intestinal damage from harmful intestinal pathogens. However, the effects of C. butyricum infection on broiler intestinal integrity during NE are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function, and the functions of immune-related cytokines under NE in broilers. Results Infected group (PC) showed significant decrease in the average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.01) and increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR, p < 0.01) compared with C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) through dietary supplement. Supplementation of C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) restored the intestinal villus height, increased the crypt depth, and reduced the intestinal damage under NE. Furthermore, broilers infected with NE (PC) had higher serum IgA and endotoxin content, and after addition with C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) returned to normal level. In addition, compared with PC, supplementation of C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) restored intestinal barrier function-related genes (such as CLDN-1, CLDN-3, OCLN, MUC2, ZO-1, and CLDN5), cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and TGFB1) and C. perfringens plc gene expression. Moreover, C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could restore the decrease in Gt (p < 0.01) and Isc caused by NE (PC). In addition, NECB2 reduced the upregulation of FD4 flux caused by NE infection (p < 0.01). Conclusion Dietary supplementation of C. butyricum into broilers with NE improved chicken growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal barrier function, and immune function. Notably, no statistical difference was observed with the addition of C. butyricum at different time points.

scholarly journals Xylanase supplementation in corn-based swine diets: a review with emphasis on potential mechanisms of action

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L Petry ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Corn Coproducts ◽  
Swine Diets

Abstract Corn is a common energy source in pig diets globally; when financially warranted, industrial corn coproducts, such as corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), are also employed. The energy provided by corn stems largely from starch, with some contribution from protein, fat, and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). When corn DDGS are used in the diet, it will reduce starch within the diet; increase dietary protein, fat, and NSP levels; and alter the source profile of dietary energy. Arabinoxylans (AXs) comprise the majority of NSP in corn and its coproducts. One strategy to mitigate the antinutritive effects of NSP and improve its contribution to energy is by including carbohydrases within the diet. Xylanase is a carbohydrase that targets the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds of AX, releasing a mixture of smaller polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and pentoses that could potentially be used by the pig. Xylanase is consistently effective in poultry production and moderately consistent in wheat-based swine diets, but its efficacy in corn-based swine diets is quite variable. Xylanase has been shown to improve the digestibility of various components of swine-based diets, but this seldom translates into an improvement in growth performance. Indeed, a review of xylanase literature conducted herein suggests that xylanase improves the digestibility of dietary fiber at least 50% of the time in pigs fed corn-based diets, but only 33% and 26% of the time was there an increase in average daily gain or feed efficiency, respectively. Intriguingly, there has been an abundance of reports proposing xylanase alters intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory responses, oxidative status, and other health markers in the pig. Notably, xylanase has shown to reduce mortality in both high and low health commercial herds. These inconsistencies in performance metrics, and unexpected health benefits, warrant a greater understanding of the in vivo mechanism(s) of action (MOA) of xylanase. While the MOA of xylanase has been postulated considerably in the literature and widely studied in in vitro settings, in wheat-based diets, and in poultry, there is a dearth of understanding of the in vivo MOA in pigs fed corn-based diets. The purpose of this review is to explore the role of xylanase in corn-based swine diets, discuss responses observed when supplemented in diets containing corn-based fiber, suggest potential MOA of xylanase, and identify critical research gaps.

scholarly journals Dietaryl-threonine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage of broiler chickens at an early age

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 1254-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueping Chen ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Yefei Cheng ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Chao Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the protective effects ofl-threonine (l-Thr) supplementation on growth performance, inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier function of young broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 144 1-d-old male chicks were allocated to one of three treatments: non-challenged broilers fed a basal diet (control group), LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet withoutl-Thr supplementation and LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 3·0 g/kgl-Thr. LPS challenge was performed intraperitoneally at 17, 19 and 21 d of age, whereas the control group received physiological saline injection. Compared with the control group, LPS challenge impaired growth performance of broilers, andl-Thr administration reversed LPS-induced increase in feed/gain ratio. LPS challenge elevated blood cell counts related to inflammation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in serum (IL-1βand TNF-α), spleen (IL-1βand TNF-α) and intestinal mucosa (jejunal interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and ileal IL-1β). The concentrations of intestinal cytokines in LPS-challenged broilers were reduced byl-Thr supplementation. LPS administration increased circulatingd-lactic acid concentration, whereas it reduced villus height, the ratio between villus height and crypt depth and goblet density in both jejunum and ileum. LPS-induced decreases in jejunal villus height, intestinal villus height:crypt depth ratio and ileal goblet cell density were reversed withl-Thr supplementation. Similarly, LPS-induced alterations in the intestinal mRNA abundances of genes related to intestinal inflammation and barrier function (jejunal toll-like receptor 4,IFN-γand claudin-3, and ilealIL-1βand zonula occludens-1) were normalised withl-Thr administration. It can be concluded thatl-Thr supplementation could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage of young broilers.

Effects of fermented corn gluten meal on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology, and immunity performance of three-yellow broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiaolan Liu ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Qinan Wen ◽  
Yonggen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
Corn Gluten

A study was conducted to determine the effects of a diet containing solid-state fermented corn gluten meal (FCGM) with Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus on the growth performance, serum parameters, immune indices, and intestinal morphology of three-yellow broilers. A total of 450 one-d-old three-yellow male broilers were randomly allocated into three dietary treatment groups: control (without FCGM), T1, and T2 [5% and 10% replacement with corn gluten meal (CGM) and FCGM, respectively]. Ten replications per treatment and 15 birds per repeat were utilized. The results showed that the FCGM had a lower neutral detergent fiber content and higher small peptide content than the CGM. The average daily gain values, globulin content, the thymus and spleen indices of three-yellow broilers fed 5% and 10% FCGM were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group, and the three-yellow broilers that were fed 10% FCGM increased more than those that were fed 5% FCGM (P < 0.05). The villus lengths and the ratios of the villus height to crypt depth (V:C) of the duodenum of three-yellow broilers fed 5% and 10% FCGM were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). From this study, it can be concluded that the productivity performances of three-yellow broilers fed with 5% FCGM and 10% FCGM increased, and with the additive level increase in the diet, increases of the productivity performance were observed.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Glycinate on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Intestinal Morphology of Yellow Feather Broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhu ◽  
Xiuguo Shang ◽  
Guozhao Lin ◽  
Haojie Li ◽  
Xin Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Morphology Parameters

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc glycinate (Gly-Zn) on growth performance, serum biochemical index, intestinal morphology, and hepatic metallothionein (MT) mRNA expression in the liver of yellow feather broilers. A total of 540 18-day-old yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into three groups: control group (basal diet), ZnSO4 group (basal diet plus 60 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4), and Gly-Zn group (basal diet plus 60 mg Zn/kg from zinc glycinate). Each treatment group had 6 replicates with 30 birds in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 days (18 to 59 days of age). The results showed that Gly-Zn supplementation significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers during 18 to 39 days of age compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05) but not different from the ZnSO4 group. The Gly-Zn group had higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.05) and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations than the broilers in the control and ZnSO4 group. It was also observed that zinc content in the tibia of Gly-Zn group broilers was higher than the control and ZnSO4 group (P < 0.05). The results of intestinal morphology parameters showed that the Gly-Zn group significantly increased the villus height in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05) and decreased crypt depth in duodenum and ileum compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the Gly-Zn group and ZnSO4 group in duodenum and ileum regarding intestinal morphology parameters. The Gly-Zn group significantly increased mRNA expression of MT in the liver than both control and ZnSO4 groups (P < 0.05). Collectively, the results indicated that supplementing 60 mg Zn/kg through zinc glycinate improved growth performance and serum indexes as well as intestinal morphology of yellow feather broilers. It also regulates MT gene expression more effectively than the ZnSO4 group at the transcriptional level.

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