scholarly journals Tianxiangdan Improves Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Rats by Inhibiting Microvascular Inflammation via Nrf2 Activation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guligena Sawuer ◽  
Xue-Kuan Ma ◽  
Ya-Jie Zhang ◽  
Xuan-Ming Zhang ◽  
Zulihumaer Ainiwaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. Tianxiangdan (TXD) is used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its therapeutic and preventive effects in the treatment of coronary heart disease. However, the underlying mechanism of TXD in coronary microvascular disease (CMD) remains unclear. Methods. A rat model of CMD was developed to study the mechanism of TXD activity. Sodium laurate was injected into the left ventricle of Sprague–Dawley rats to induce CMD. The rats were divided into six groups: a sham-operated (sham) group, an untreated CMD group, a low-dose TXD group (0.81 g·kg−1·d−1), a mid-dose TXD (TXD-M) group (1.62 g·kg−1·d−1), a high-dose TXD (TXD-H) group (3.24 g·kg−1·d−1), and a nicorandil (NCR) group (1.35 mg·kg−1·d−1). The effect of TXD on rats with CMD was observed after four weeks, and the mechanism of TXD in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) was explored through treatment with 50 μg/mL TXD. Results. Compared with the rats in the untreated CMD group, rats in the TXD-M and TXD-H groups showed higher left ventricular ejection fraction values, improved pathological structures, decreased expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) and phosphorylated p65, and increased expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 ( P < 0.05 ). These effects were more pronounced in the TXD-H group than in the TXD-M group. In vitro experiments showed that TXD treatment increased the viability of LPS-induced CMECs and decreased the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, phosphorylated IκBα, and phosphorylated p65 ( P < 0.05 ). However, the effects of TXD on CMECs were markedly reversed upon treatment with ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor). Conclusion. The results showed that TXD exerts a protective effect on rats with CMD and related inflammatory injuries, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism is related to the activation of Nrf2 signalling.

scholarly journals (–)-Loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri Suppressed Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-Stimulated HaCaT Keratinocytes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Eui-Jeong Han ◽  
Ilekuttige Priyan Shanura Fernando ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
Dae-Sung Lee ◽  
Areum Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Sargassum Horneri ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hacat Keratinocytes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

The present study evaluated the effects of (–)-loliolide isolated from Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) against oxidative stress and inflammation, and its biological mechanism in interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. The results showed that (–)-loliolide improved the cell viability by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, (–)-loliolide effectively decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL11 (Eotaxin), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)), by downregulating the expression of epidermal-derived initial cytokines (IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)). Furthermore, (–)-loliolide suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, whereas it activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling. Interestingly, the cytoprotective effects of (–)-loliolide against IFN-γ/TNF-α stimulation were significantly blocked upon inhibition of HO-1. Taken together, these results suggest that (–)-loliolide effectively suppressed the oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes.

scholarly journals PUFA Supplementation and Heart Failure: Effects on Fibrosis and Cardiac Remodeling

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Francesca Oppedisano ◽  
Rocco Mollace ◽  
Annamaria Tavernese ◽  
Micaela Gliozzi ◽  
Vincenzo Musolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mitral Annulus Velocity

Heart failure (HF) characterized by cardiac remodeling is a condition in which inflammation and fibrosis play a key role. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seems to produce good results. In fact, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and different cardioprotective mechanisms. In particular, following their interaction with the nuclear factor erythropoietin 2 related factor 2 (NRF2), the free fatty acid receptor 4 (Ffar4) receptor, or the G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) fibroblast receptors, they inhibit cardiac fibrosis and protect the heart from HF onset. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs increase the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), reduce global longitudinal deformation, E/e ratio (early ventricular filling and early mitral annulus velocity), soluble interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (sST2) and high-sensitive C Reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and increase flow-mediated dilation. Moreover, lower levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and serum norepinephrine (sNE) are reported and have a positive effect on cardiac hemodynamics. In addition, they reduce cardiac remodeling and inflammation by protecting patients from HF onset after myocardial infarction (MI). The positive effects of PUFA supplementation are associated with treatment duration and a daily dosage of 1–2 g. Therefore, both the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) define dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs as an effective therapy for reducing the risk of hospitalization and death in HF patients. In this review, we seek to highlight the most recent studies related to the effect of PUFA supplementation in HF. For that purpose, a PubMed literature survey was conducted with a focus on various in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials from 2015 to 2021.

scholarly journals Effect of Shenfu Qiangxin on the expression of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway-related molecules in myocardium of rats with heart failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921985285
Author(s):  
Li Xiong ◽  
Guobo Xie ◽  
Binhua Luo ◽  
Zhiliang Mei
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Losartan Group

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Shenfu Qiangxin on TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway-related molecules in myocardial tissue of rats with heart failure. Five rats were selected as sham-operated group, while another 15 rats with heart failure were divided into three groups, including model group, losartan group, and Shenfu Qiangxin group. Rats in losartan group were given losartan intragastric intervention, the rats in Shenfu Qiangxin group were given Shenfu Qiangxin mixture intervention, while rats in another two groups were given equal volume of sterile saline intervention. During the treatment, the levels of B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway were measured in rats. Compared with model group, the expression of ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVSP), TGF-β 1, Smad2, and Smad3 significantly decreased in sham-operated group, losartan group, and Shenfu Qiangxin group, while left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), BNP, LDH, FFA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels increased ( P < 0.05). Compared with sham-operated group, the expression of EF, LVSP, TGF-beta 1, Smad2, and Smad3 dramatically decreased in losartan group, Shenfu Qiangxin group, but LVEDV, LVDd, LVEDP, BNP, LDH, FFA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels increased ( P < 0.05). Compared with losartan group, the expression of EF, LVSP, TGF-beta 1, Smad2, and Smad3 upregulated in Shenfu Qiangxin group, while LVEDV, LVDd, LVEDP, BNP, LDH, FFA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels downregulated ( P < 0.05). Consequently, Shenfu Qiangxin could effectively improve the heart function of rats with heart failure, and play an anti-heart failure role by regulating the expression of related molecules of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Antibody-mediated rejection with detection of de novo donor-specific anti-human leucocyte antigen Class II antibodies 3 years after heart transplantation: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bernd Ludwig ◽  
Johanna Schneider ◽  
Daniela Föll ◽  
Qian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Allograft ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection

Abstract Background Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in cardiac transplantation may manifest early within the first weeks after transplantation but also late after months to years following transplantation resulting in mild heart failure to cardiogenic shock. While patients with early cardiac AMR are less affected and seem to have survival rates comparable to transplant recipients without AMR, late cardiac AMR is frequently associated with graft dysfunction, fulminant forms of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and a high mortality rate. Nevertheless, AMR of cardiac allografts remains difficult to diagnose and to treat. Case summary We report the case of a 47-year-old male patient with late AMR of the cardiac allograft 3 years after heart transplantation. Antibody-mediated rejection was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy and the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). The patient was treated with high dose of prednisolone, plasmapheresis, intravenous Gamma Globulin, rituximab, immunoadsorption, and bortezomib. Under this treatment regimen left ventricular ejection fraction and pro B-type natriuretic peptide recovered, and the patient improved to New York Heart Association Class I. Currently, 3 years after the diagnosis of cardiac AMR, graft function continues to be nearly normal, and there is no evidence for transplant vasculopathy. Discussion This case illustrates that AMR can occur at any time after transplantation. Although graft function fully recovered after treatment in our patient, the level of DSA remained high, suggesting that DSA may not be a reliable parameter to determine the intensity and duration of the therapy.

scholarly journals Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Microembolism in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 096368972091268
Author(s):  
Yajun Xue ◽  
Boda Zhou ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Guobin Miao ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction

As the impairment of myocardial microenvironments due to coronary microembolization (CME) compromises the treatment effect of percutaneous coronary intervention and leads to adverse prognosis, we hypothesized that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transplantation could improve cardiac function in the condition of CME. Low- (2 × 105) and high- (2 × 106) dose rat bone marrow-derived EPCs were transplanted in a model of CME. To develop a CME model, rats were injected with autologous micro-blood-clots into the left ventricle. Echocardiograph was examined before and 1, 7, and 28 days after EPC transplantation; serum cardiac troponin I (cTNI), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and cardiac microRNA expression were examined one day after EPCs transplantation. Heart morphology and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vWF, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression were examined one day after EPC transplantation. After 10 days of culture inductions, BM-EPCs have high purity as confirmed by flow cytometry. Cardiac function reflected by left ventricular ejection fraction significantly decreased after CME treatment and rescued by low-dose EPC. Compared to the sham group, cTNI and vWF serum levels increased significantly after CME treatment and rescued by low-dose EPC and high-dose EPC. Low-dose EPC treatment decreased myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and elevated cardiac expression of VEGF and vWF, while decreasing the cardiac expression of bFGF. Low-dose EPC treatment significantly suppressed cardiac expression of microRNA-19a but significantly enhanced microRNA-21, microRNA-214, and microRNA-486-3p expression. In conclusion, our results indicate that low-dose EPC transplantation may play a proangiogenic, antifibroblast, antifibrosis, and antinecrosis role and enhance cardiac function in a rat model of CME through a microRNA-related pathway.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with prolonged high-dose (HD) doxorubicin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C) with G-CSF support in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): Long-term follow-up data

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11090-11090
Author(s):  
S. Altintas ◽  
M. T. Huizing ◽  
I. Spoormans ◽  
J. Van den Brande ◽  
P. Wilmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Disease ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction

11090 Background: NACT improves survival in LABC. The optimal regimen, dose and duration is still under study Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of prolonged preoperative HD-AC plus G-CSF. Methods: LABC patients (pts) were treated with AC for 6 cycles (Cy): Cy 1: A 90 mg/m2, C 1000 mg/m2; Cy 2–3: A 82.5 mg/m2, C 875 mg/m2; Cy 4–6: A 75mg/m2, C 750 mg/m2) with prophylactic (peg)filgastrim q3wks. In case of cardiotoxicity or poor tumor response (TR) pts switched to Docetaxel (D) 100mg/m2 q3wks. Within 5 weeks after NACT, pts underwent mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection followed by radiotherapy. In case of positive estrogen (ER) or progesteron receptor (PgR), hormonal treatment was given for 5 yrs. Toxicity was scored weekly (NCI-CTC 2), response every 3 wks (WHO). Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to calculate disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between 8/1997 and 10/2003 21 pts (median age 55 years, range 22–74) were enrolled. One pt had stage IIB, 6 stage IIIA, 14 stage IIIB disease (10 T4d). 10 tumors were ER+, 5 PgR+, none overexpressed Her-2/Neu. A total of 130 NACT Cy was given. 15 pts completed all 6 AC Cy, 6 switched to D because of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF? >10%, n=2) or insufficient TR (n=4). Dose reduction of AC was needed in 1 pt (last Cy), dose delays in 4 pts. Nausea and vomiting were generally mild; grade 4 anorexia occured in one pt. Grade 4 leucopenia and neutropenia in 14 and 18 pts, respectively. Neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization occurred in 5 pts, thrombocytopenia grade 4 in 7 pts and grade 3 anemia in 3 pts. Two pts developed cardiomyopathy (9.5%) < 2 years after NACT. The overall TR rate (PR and CR) was 81%, clinical CR rate 14%, pathologic CR rate 10% and 14% had minimal residual disease. Three pts showed SD and only 1 pt had PD. The median follow up of all pts was 51 months (range 9–110), 5 yrs DFS 47%, OS 56%. 5 yrs DFS and OS for pT4d pts was 50% and 56%, respectively. Conclusions: NACT with HD-AC plus G-CSF for 6 Cy in this poor risk population is active and further supports the use of prolonged preoperative CT. The routine use of D after a restricted number of AC Cy may further improve results and decrease (cardio)toxicity. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The prevalence and clinical significance of anemia in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Attila Frigy ◽  
Zoltán Fogarasi ◽  
Ildikó Kocsis ◽  
Lehel Máthé ◽  
Előd Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract: In a cohort of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) the prevalence of anemia and the existence of a correlation between anemia and the severity of the clinical picture were assessed. Methods: 50 consecutive patients (34 men, 16 women, mean age 67.5 years) hospitalized with AHF were enrolled.  Statistical analysis was performed for studying correlations between anemia and the presence/levels of diverse parameters (clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, treatment related)  reflecting the severity and prognosis of AHF (α=0.05). Results: 21 patients (14 men, 7 women, mean age 69.6 years), representing 42%, had anemia  at admission. Comparing patients with and without anemia there were no significant differences regarding age,  gender,  presence of atrial fibrillation (p=0.75), diabetes (p=1), ischemic heart disease (p=0.9), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (p=1), hypotension (p=0.34) and tachycardia>100 b/min at admission (p=0.75), level of eGFR (p=0.72), and need of high dose (>80 mg/day)  loop diuretic (p=0.23). However, EF showed a significant positive correlation with eGFR only in AHF patients with anemia (r=0,65, p=0.001). In a multiple regression model, EF had a significant effect on the eGFR quartiles (p=0,004). Conclusions: Anemia is a frequent finding in patients hospitalized with AHF. The presence of anemia was not correlated with other factors related to AHF severity and prognosis. However, a low EF associated with low eGFR was characteristic for patients with anemia, suggesting that the decrease of renal perfusion by low cardiac output further aggravates anemia on the background of chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Loperamide overdose causing torsades de pointes and requiring Impella temporary mechanical support: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D Cicci ◽  
Sarah M Jagielski ◽  
Megan M Clarke ◽  
Robert A Rayson ◽  
Matthew A Cavender
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Mechanical Circulatory Support ◽  
Torsades De Pointes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

Abstract Background Loperamide is a widely available oral μ-opioid receptor agonist, and loperamide abuse is increasing by those seeking intoxication. Loperamide has potent QTc-prolonging properties, placing patients at risk for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Case summary A 23-year-old woman was found to be in pulseless ventricular fibrillation with a QTc of 554 ms and received multiple defibrillations and IV lidocaine. Her toxicology studies were negative. She subsequently experienced multiple episodes of torsades de pointes and was found to be in cardiogenic shock with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 5%. Following multiple defibrillations, an Impella® mechanical circulatory support device was placed, and she was given IV magnesium and IV lidocaine. After mechanical circulatory support was withdrawn, she experienced major bleeding and was found to have a deep vein thrombosis, bilateral radial artery thrombosis, and multiple pulmonary embolisms in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. After stabilizing, she admitted to taking 80 tablets of loperamide 2 mg in pursuit of euphoria. Discussion Loperamide is an increasingly popular agent of abuse. Loperamide-associated ventricular arrhythmias are rare with normal doses but more common with high doses, chronic ingestion, or interacting medications. Loperamide cardiotoxicity may be prolonged due to a long half-life and accumulation. Loperamide abuse may be under-recognized, leading to delays in treatment. Intravenous fluids, magnesium supplementation, chronotropes, transcutaneous or transvenous pacing, and defibrillation may be helpful in mitigating loperamide-associated polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Clinicians should monitor for drug interactions in patients taking loperamide and screen for electrocardiographic abnormalities in those taking chronic or high-dose loperamide.

Planned interim analysis of PATRICIA: An open-label, single-arm, phase II study of pertuzumab (P) with high-dose trastuzumab (H) for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) progression post radiotherapy (RT) in patients (pts) with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2074-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy U. Lin ◽  
Alisha Stein ◽  
Alan Nicholas ◽  
Anita M. Fung ◽  
Priya Kumthekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Safety Signals

2074 Background: There is currently no clear standard of care to address the management of recurring/multiple intracranial metastases post RT in HER2-positive MBC. The ongoing PATRICIA study (NCT02536339) is evaluating the safety and efficacy of P in combination with high-dose h for patients with HER2-positive MBC with CNS metastases who have CNS progression following RT. Reported herein are results from the protocol-specified interim analysis of PATRICIA. Methods: All eligible patients must have measurable (≥10 mm) CNS progression post RT, and stable non-CNS disease. Patients receive P (840-mg loading dose, then 420 mg every 3 weeks) and high-dose h (6 mg/kg weekly). The primary efficacy endpoint is objective response rate (ORR) in the CNS per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases (RANO-BM) criteria. The interim analysis was planned after 15 patients were enrolled and had ≥2 left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurements, 2 cycles of study drugs, and 2 response measurements. The study would proceed to full enrollment (n=40) if objective response or stable disease in the CNS was observed in ≥1 of 15 patients and <2 of 15 patients develop congestive heart failure (CHF) related to P or H. Results: As of Sept 6, 2016, 15 patients had been enrolled across 9 sites. Median treatment duration was 4.4 (range 1.2−8.3) months. Six patients discontinued treatment (5 for disease progression; 1 for symptomatic deterioration). Range for duration of response was 1.4−3.3 months. There were no new safety signals for P combined with high-dose h treatment. No patients had CHF or a clinically significant drop in LVEF. Conclusions: Based on early evidence of clinical benefit (ORR 20%) and a lack of new safety signals, the safety and futility boundaries for PATRICIA have been passed and study enrollment continues. Clinical trial information: NCT02536339. [Table: see text]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document