scholarly journals The Effect of Salt-Tolerant Antagonistic Bacteria CZ-6 on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community of Winter Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. “Dongzao”) in Saline-Alkali Land

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
YanYan Zhou ◽  
LiPing Hao ◽  
Chao Ji ◽  
QiSheng Zhou ◽  
Xin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

As the main economic crop cultivated in the Yellow River Delta, winter jujube contains various nutrients. However, soil salinization and fungal diseases have affected the yield and quality of winter jujube. In order to use plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce these damages, the antagonistic bacteria CZ-6 isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat in saline soil was selected for experiment. Gene sequencing analysis identified CZ-6 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In order to understand the salt tolerant and disease-resistant effects of CZ-6 strain, determination of related indicators of salt tolerance, pathogen antagonistic tests, and anti-fungal mechanism analyses was carried out. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of CZ-6 inoculation on the rhizosphere microbial community of winter jujube. The salt tolerance test showed that CZ-6 strain can survive in a medium with a NaCl concentration of 10% and produces indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase. Studies on the inhibition mechanism of pathogenic fungi show that CZ-6 can secrete cellulase, protease, and xylanase. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that CZ-6 can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 2-heptanone and 2-nonanone. In addition, the strain can colonize the rhizosphere and migrate to the roots, stems, and leaves of winter jujube, which is essential for plant growth or defense against pathogens. Illumina MiSeq sequencing data indicated that, compared to the control, the abundance of salt-tolerant bacteria Tausonia in the CZ-6 strain treatment group was significantly increased, while the richness of Chaetomium and Gibberella pathogens was significantly reduced. Our research shows that CZ-6 has the potential as a biological control agent in saline soil. Plant damage and economic losses caused by pathogenic fungi and salt stress are expected to be alleviated by the addition of salt-tolerant antagonistic bacteria.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum Inoculation Reduces the Incidence of Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage by Regulating the Rhizosphere Microbial Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Junhui Li ◽  
Joshua Philp ◽  
Jishun Li ◽  
Yanli Wei ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Clubroot is a disease of cruciferous crops that causes significant economic losses to vegetable production worldwide. We applied high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology to quantify the effect of Trichodermaharzianum LTR-2 inoculation on the rhizosphere community of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. Jiaozhou) in a commercial production area. T. harzianum inoculation of cabbage reduced the incidence of clubroot disease by 45.4% (p < 0.05). The disease control efficacy (PDIDS) was 63%. This reduction in disease incidence and severity coincided with a drastic reduction in both the relative abundance of Plasmodiaphora brassicae, the causative pathogen of cabbage clubroot disease, and its copy number in rhizosphere soil. Pathogenic fungi Alternaria and Fusarium were also negatively associated with Trichoderma inoculation according to co-occurrence network analysis. Inoculation drastically reduced the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genera Delftia and Pseudomonas, whilst increasing others including Bacillus. Our results demonstrate that T. harzianum LTR-2 is an effective biological control agent for cabbage clubroot, which acts through modulation of the soil and rhizosphere microbial community.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of salt-tolerant bacteria with plant growth-promoting activities from saline agricultural fields of Haryana, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arti Sharma ◽  
Kamal Dev ◽  
Anuradha Sourirajan ◽  
Madhu Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Background Soil salinity has been one of the biggest hurdles in achieving better crop yield and quality. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the symbiotic heterogeneous bacteria that play an important role in the recycling of plant nutrients through phytostimulation and phytoremediation. In this study, bacterial isolates were isolated from salt-polluted soil of Jhajjar and Panipat districts of Haryana, India. The potential salt-tolerant bacteria were screened for their PGPR activities such as phosphate solubilization, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), indole acetic acid (IAA) and ammonia production. The molecular characterization of potent isolates with salt tolerance and PGPR activity was done by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results Eighteen soil samples from saline soils of Haryana state were screened for salt-tolerant bacteria. The bacterial isolates were analyzed for salt tolerance ranging from 2 to 10%. Thirteen isolates were found salt tolerant at varied salt concentrations. Isolates HB6P2 and HB6J2 showed maximum tolerance to salts at 10% followed by HB4A1, HB4N3 and HB8P1. All the salt-tolerant bacterial isolates showed HCN production with maximum production by HB6J2. Phosphate solubilization was demonstrated by three isolates viz., HB4N3, HB6P2 and HB6J2. IAA production was maximum in HB4A1 (15.89) and HB6P2 (14.01) and least in HB4N3 (8.91). Ammonia production was maximum in HB6P2 (12.3) and least in HB8P1 (6.2). Three isolates HB6J2, HB8P1 and HB4N3 with significant salt tolerance, and PGPR ability were identified through sequencing of amplified 16SrRNA gene and were found to be Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus pumilus, respectively. Conclusions The salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from saline soil can be used to overcome the detrimental effects of salt stress on plants, with beneficial effects of physiological functions of plants such as growth and yield, and overcome disease resistance. Therefore, application of microbial inoculants to alleviate stresses and enhance yield in plants could be a low cost and environmental friendly option for the management of saline soil for better crop productivity.

Salt-tolerant and plant-growth-promoting bacteria isolated from high-yield paddy soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 968-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiying Zhang ◽  
Cong Fan ◽  
Yongxia Wang ◽  
Yunsheng Xia ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Growth and productivity of rice is negatively affected by soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant bacteria improve the health of plants under saline stress. In this study, 305 bacteria were isolated from paddy soil in Taoyuan, China. Among these, 162 strains were tested for salt-tolerance; 67.3%, 28.4%, and 9.3% of the strains could grow in media with NaCl concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 g/L, respectively. The phylogenic analysis of 74 of these 162 strains indicates that these bacteria belong to Bacillales (72%), Actinomycetales (22%), Rhizobiales (1%), and Oceanospirillales (4%). Among 162 strains, 30 salt-tolerant strains were screened for their plant-growth-promoting activities under axenic conditions at 3, 6, 9, and 12 g/L NaCl; 43%–97% of the strains could improve rice germination energy or germination capacity, while 63%–87% of the strains could increase shoot and root lengths. Among various plant-growth-promoting bacteria, TY0307 was the most effective strain for promoting the growth of rice, even at high salt stress. Its promotor effects were associated with its production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxycarboxylate deaminase, indole acetic acid, and siderophores; induction of proline accumulation; and reduction of the salt-induced malondialdehyde content. These results suggest that several strains isolated from paddy soil could improve rice salt tolerance and may be used in the development of biofertilizer.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt-Tolerant Bacterial Inoculations on Rice Seedlings Differing in Salt-Tolerance under Saline Soil Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakiba Shultana ◽  
Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽  
Mohd Rafii Yusop ◽  
Halimi Mohd Saud ◽  
Arolu Fatai Ayanda
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be an alternative to alleviate salinity problems in rice plants grown in the coastal areas. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize salt-tolerant PGPR and observe their effects on the physiological and biochemical properties of rice plants grown under non-saline and saline glasshouse conditions. Three strains were selected based on their salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting properties under in vitro saline conditions. These strains were identified as Bacillus tequilensis (UPMRB9), Bacillus aryabhattai (UPMRE6), and Providencia stuartii (UPMRG1) using a 16S rRNA technique. The selected strains were inoculated to three different rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan67 (salt-tolerant), Putra-1 (moderate salt-tolerant), and MR297 (salt-susceptible) under glasshouse conditions. Results showed that the MR297 rice variety inoculated with UPMRB9 produced the highest total chlorophyll content, with an increment of 28%, and lowest electrolyte leakage of 92%. The Putra-1 rice variety also showed a 156% total dry matter increase with the inoculation of this bacterial strain. The highest increase of relative water content and reduction of Na/K ratio were found upon inoculation of UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively. The biggest significant effects of these bacterial inoculations were on relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and the Na/K ratio of the BRRI dhan67 rice variety under saline conditions, suggesting a synergistic effect on the mechanisms of plant salt-tolerance. This study has shown that the application of locally-isolated salt-tolerant PGPR strains could be an effective long-term and sustainable solution for rice cultivation in the coastal areas, which are affected by global climate change.

scholarly journals Patterns in the Microbial Community of Salt-Tolerant Plants and the Functional Genes Associated with Salt Stress Alleviation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Zheng ◽  
Zongchang Xu ◽  
Haodong Liu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Yanan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Stress Alleviation ◽  
Tolerant Plants

Salinity is an important but little-studied abiotic stressor affecting plant growth. Although several previous reports have examined salt-tolerant plant microbial communities, we still lack a comprehensive understanding about the functional characteristics and genomic information of this population.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Select Wildflower Species in a Hydroponic Setting

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1131
Author(s):  
Iryna Andrenko ◽  
Thayne Montague ◽  
Cynthia McKenney ◽  
Russell Plowman
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance

Water quality and quantity are critical issues in the Southwest United States and many other locations in the world. Use of reclaimed water for landscape irrigation can conserve potable water significantly and possibly reduce fertilizer application. A potential concern of using alternative water sources is elevated salt levels, which can have adverse effects on plant growth and aesthetic appearance. Most Texas native wildflowers are known to be hardy and easy to maintain, and are drought tolerant after establishment. In addition, native wildflowers provide wildlife habitat and support native pollinators. However, little information is available on salinity tolerance of many Texas native wildflower species. In this study, two separate hydroponic experiments were conducted to determine salt tolerance of three Texas native wildflower species: Gaura villosa Torr. (wooly gaura), Xanthisma texanum DC. (Texas sleepy daisy), and Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry (standing cypress). Species were suspended in a hydroponic setting using a randomized complete block design with a control [municipal reverse-osmosis (RO) water with a nutrition solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 3.0 dS·m–1] and three salinity treatments: 5.0, 7.0, and 11.0 dS·m–1 EC. Sixty days after salinity treatments were initiated, percent survival, visual rating, fresh weight, and length measurements were recorded on root and shoot tissue. To determine tissue percentage sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl–), shoot and root tissues were dried and ground for tissue analysis. At the end of each experiment, total percent survival for X. texanum, G. villosa, and I. rubra were 100%, 94%, and 76%, respectively, with the greatest mortality rate at the highest salinity treatment. Shoot dry weight and plant growth index (PGI) decreased in all three species as salinity of irrigation water increased. Visual qualities of all species were mainly compromised at the highest salinity level. Ion concentrations in root and shoot tissues were affected by salinity levels and varied among species. Different mechanisms of salt tolerance (ion exclusion, salt excretion, and tissue tolerance to high concentrations of Na+ or Cl–) have been observed among wildflower species, and results indicate different salt tolerance mechanisms were exhibited by each trial species. In addition, results indicate I. rubra can be identified as moderately salt tolerant (EC up to 7.0 dS·m–1), whereas, X. texanum and G. villosa can be classified as salt tolerant (EC up to 11.0 dS·m–1). Results from this study suggest great potential of these native Texas wildflowers in landscapes using limited-quality irrigation water or landscapes with soil salinity concerns.

scholarly journals Temporal salt stress-induced transcriptome alterations and regulatory mechanisms revealed by PacBio long-reads RNA sequencing in Gossypium hirsutum

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delong Wang ◽  
Xuke Lu ◽  
Xiugui Chen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Junjuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Long Reads

Abstract Background Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is considered a fairly salt tolerant crop however, salinity can still cause significant economic losses by affecting the yield and deteriorating the fiber quality. We studied a salt-tolerant upland cotton cultivar under temporal salt stress to unfold the salt tolerance molecular mechanisms. Biochemical response to salt stress (400 mM) was measured at 0 h, 3 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h post stress intervals and single-molecule long-read sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) combined with the unique molecular identifiers approach was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). Results Antioxidant enzymes including, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found significantly induced under temporal salt stress, suggesting that reactive oxygen species scavenging antioxidant machinery is an essential component of salt tolerance mechanism in cotton. We identified a wealth of novel transcripts based on the PacBio long reads sequencing approach. Prolonged salt stress duration induces high number of DEGs. Significant numbers of DEGs were found under key terms related to stress pathways such as “response to oxidative stress”, “response to salt stress”, “response to water deprivation”, “cation transport”, “metal ion transport”, “superoxide dismutase”, and “reductase”. Key DEGs related to hormone (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) biosynthesis, ion homeostasis (CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase genes, calcium-binding proteins, potassium transporter genes, potassium channel genes, sodium/hydrogen exchanger or antiporter genes), antioxidant activity (POD, SOD, CAT, glutathione reductase), transcription factors (myeloblastosis, WRKY, Apetala 2) and cell wall modification were found highly active in response to salt stress in cotton. Expression fold change of these DEGs showed both positive and negative responses, highlighting the complex nature of salt stress tolerance mechanisms in cotton. Conclusion Collectively, this study provides a good insight into the regulatory mechanism under salt stress in cotton and lays the foundation for further improvement of salt stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response and solute accumulation of different maize genotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dias de Azevedo Neto ◽  
José Tarquinio Prisco ◽  
Joaquim Enéas-Filho ◽  
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda ◽  
José Vieira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stomatal Response ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Physiological Markers

Seeds from eight different maize genotypes (BR3123, BR5004, BR5011, BR5026, BR5033, CMS50, D766 and ICI8447) were sown in vermiculite, and after germination they were transplanted into nutrient solution or nutrient solution containing 100 mmol.L-1 of NaCl and placed in a greenhouse. During the experimental period plant growth (dry matter, shoot to root dry mass ratio, leaf area, relative growth rate, and net assimilation rate), leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, predawn water potential, sodium, potassium, soluble amino acids and soluble carbohydrate contents were determined in both control and salt stressed plants of all genotypes studied. Salt stress reduced plant growth of all genotypes but the genotypes BR5033 and BR5011 were characterized as the most salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive, respectively. Stomatal response of the salt-tolerant genotype was not affected by salinity. Among the studied parameters, shoot to root dry mass ratio, leaf sodium content and leaf soluble organic solute content showed no relation with salt tolerance, i.e., they could not be considered as good morpho-physiological markers for maize salt tolerance. In contrast, sodium and soluble organic solutes accumulation in the roots as a result of salt stress appeared to play an important role in the acclimation to salt stress of the maize genotypes studied, suggesting that they could be used as physiological markers during the screening for salt tolerance.

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