scholarly journals Status and Challenges on Design and Implementation of Camber Morphing Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tuba Majid ◽  
Bruce W. Jo
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Test Flight ◽  
Synthesis Methodology ◽  
Wing Morphing ◽  
Practical Sense

This paper presents state-of-the-art technologies of camber morphing mechanisms from the perspectives of design and implementation. Wing morphing technologies are aimed at making the aircraft more energy or aerodynamically efficient during flight by actively adjusting the wing shape, but their mechanism designs and implementation aspects are often overlooked from practical sense in many technical articles. Thus, it is of our interest that we thoroughly investigate morphing mechanisms and their nature of design principles and methodologies from the implementation and test flight aspects, navigate the trends, and evaluate progress for researchers’ methodology selection that possibly turns to design and build stages. This paper categorizes the camber morphing mechanisms from a wide collection of literature on morphing wings and their mechanisms, and the defined classifications are based on mechanism’s design features and synthesis methodology, i.e., by the tools and methods used to solve the design problem. The categories are (1) structure-based, (2) material-based, and (3) hybrid. Most of the structure-based camber morphing mechanisms have distinctive structural features; however, the material-based camber morphing mechanisms make use of material properties and tools to enhance the elastic nature of its structures. Lastly, the hybrid morphing mechanisms are a combination of both the aforementioned categories. In summary, this review provides researchers in the field of morphing mechanisms and wings with choices of materials, actuators, internal and external structure design for wings, and overarching process and design methodologies for implementation with futuristic and practical aspects of flight performance and applications. Moreover, through this critical review of morphing mechanism, selective design criteria for appropriate morphing mechanisms are discussed.

Numerical study of geometric morphing wings of the 1303 UCAV

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
B. Nugroho ◽  
J. Brett ◽  
B.T. Bleckly ◽  
R.C. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Rolling Moment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Wing Geometry ◽  
Lift And Drag ◽  
Wing Morphing

ABSTRACT Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) are believed by many to be the future of aerial strike/reconnaissance capability. This belief led to the design of the UCAV 1303 by Boeing Phantom Works and the US Airforce Lab in the late 1990s. Because UCAV 1303 is expected to take on a wide range of mission roles that are risky for human pilots, it needs to be highly adaptable. Geometric morphing can provide such adaptability and allow the UCAV 1303 to optimise its physical feature mid-flight to increase the lift-to-drag ratio, manoeuvrability, cruise distance, flight control, etc. This capability is extremely beneficial since it will enable the UCAV to reconcile conflicting mission requirements (e.g. loiter and dash within the same mission). In this study, we conduct several modifications to the wing geometry of UCAV 1303 via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyse its aerodynamic characteristics produced by a range of different wing geometric morphs. Here we look into two specific geometric morphing wings: linear twists on one of the wings and linear twists at both wings (wash-in and washout). A baseline CFD of the UCAV 1303 without any wing morphing is validated against published wind tunnel data, before proceeding to simulate morphing wing configurations. The results show that geometric morphing wing influences the UCAV-1303 aerodynamic characteristics significantly, improving the coefficient of lift and drag, pitching moment and rolling moment.

Developments in Rechargeable Mno2Electrodes for Lithium Batteries

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Made In

AbstractConsiderable efforts are in progress to develop rechargeable batteries as alternative systems to the nickel-cadmium battery. In this regard, several advances have been made in ambient-temperature lithium battery technology, and specifically in the engineering of rechargeable lithium/manganese dioxide cells. This paper reviews the current state of the art in rechargeable Li/MnO2battery technology; particular attention is paid to the structural features of various MnO2electrode materials which influence their electrochemical and cycling behaviour in lithium cells.

The Design and Implementation of a Handling-Robot

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Deng ◽  
Yun Hang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Repetitive Work ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Information Interaction

A robot based on STC12C5A60S2 single-chip-microcomputer is designed for improving the production efficiency and reducing repetitive work. The system could identify path by detecting metal using eddy current sensor. By ways of the single-chip-microcomputer controlling stepper motor, the robot can run according to the predetermined route, judge independently cargo range and deliver the goods to the designated location. The implementation methods of the important links, such as mechanical structure design, path recognition and steering engine driving and so on are introduced, the system of which make the information interaction with computer through ISP-module (In-system-programming).by testing the model, it shows that the system can meet the design goals of handling goods automatically, and it has higher application value of reducing the accident rate of worker in repeated works and improving labor productivity.

scholarly journals Zoomqa: Residue-Level Single-Model QA Support Vector Machine Utilizing Sequential and 3D Structural Features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Hippe ◽  
Cade Lilley ◽  
William Berkenpas ◽  
Kiyomi Kishaba ◽  
Renzhi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complex ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Single Model

ABSTRACTMotivationThe Estimation of Model Accuracy problem is a cornerstone problem in the field of Bioinformatics. When predictions are made for proteins of which we do not know the native structure, we run into an issue to tell how good a tertiary structure prediction is, especially the protein binding regions, which are useful for drug discovery. Currently, most methods only evaluate the overall quality of a protein decoy, and few can work on residue level and protein complex. Here we introduce ZoomQA, a novel, single-model method for assessing the accuracy of a tertiary protein structure / complex prediction at residue level. ZoomQA differs from others by considering the change in chemical and physical features of a fragment structure (a portion of a protein within a radius r of the target amino acid) as the radius of contact increases. Fourteen physical and chemical properties of amino acids are used to build a comprehensive representation of every residue within a protein and grades their placement within the protein as a whole. Moreover, ZoomQA can evaluate the quality of protein complex, which is unique.ResultsWe benchmark ZoomQA on CASP14, it outperforms other state of the art local QA methods and rivals state of the art QA methods in global prediction metrics. Our experiment shows the efficacy of these new features, and shows our method is able to match the performance of other state-of-the-art methods without the use of homology searching against database or PSSM matrix.Availabilityhttp://[email protected]

scholarly journals Design and implementation of E-discovery as a service based on cloud computing

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taerim Lee ◽  
Hun Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hyune Rhee ◽  
Uk Shin
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Target System ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Discovery Service ◽  
New Type ◽  
It Compliance ◽  
Network Device

Recently, as IT Compliance becomes more diverse, companies have to take a great amount of effort to comply with it and prepare countermeasures. Especially, E-Discovery is also one of the most notable compliances for IT and law. In order to minimize the time and cost for E-Discovery, many service systems and solutions using the state-of-the-art technology have been competitively developed. Among them, Cloud Computing is one of the most exclusive skills as a computing infrastructure for E-Discovery Service. Unfortunately, these products actually do not cover all kinds of E-Discovery works and have many drawbacks as well as considerable limitations. This paper, therefore, proposes a new type of E-Discovery Service Structure based on Cloud Computing called EDaaS(E-Discovery as a Service) to make the best usage of its advantages and overcome the limitations of the existing E-Discovery solutions. EDaaS enables E-Discovery participants to smoothly collaborate by removing constraints on working places and minimizing the number of direct contact with target systems. What those who want to use the EDaaS need is only a network device for using the Internet. Moreover, EDaaS can help to reduce the waste of time and human resources because no specific software to install on every target system is needed and the relatively exact time of completion can be obtained from it according to the amount of data for the manpower control. As a result of it, EDaaS can solve the litigant?s cost problem.

scholarly journals Percolation Analysis of Brain Structural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Guo ◽  
Xiaoqi Chen ◽  
Yimeng Liu ◽  
Rui Kang ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
The Brain

The brain network is one specific type of critical infrastructure networks, which supports the cognitive function of biological systems. With the importance of network reliability in system design, evaluation, operation, and maintenance, we use the percolation methods of network reliability on brain networks and study the network resistance to disturbances and relevant failure modes. In this paper, we compare the brain networks of different species, including cat, fly, human, mouse, and macaque. The differences in structural features reflect the requirements for varying levels of functional specialization and integration, which determine the reliability of brain networks. In the percolation process, we apply different forms of disturbances to the brain networks based on metrics that characterize the network structure. Our findings suggest that the brain networks are mostly reliable against random or k-core-based percolation with their structure design, yet becomes vulnerable under betweenness or degree-based percolation. Our results might be useful to identify and distinguish brain connectivity failures that have been shown to be related to brain disorders, as well as the reliability design of other technological networks.

scholarly journals How pigeons couple three-dimensional elbow and wrist motion to morph their wings

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (133) ◽  
pp. 20170224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Stowers ◽  
Laura Y. Matloff ◽  
David Lentink
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Wrist Motion ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Morphing Wings ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Motion Paths ◽  
Wing Morphing ◽  
Planar Drawing

Birds change the shape and area of their wings to an exceptional degree, surpassing insects, bats and aircraft in their ability to morph their wings for a variety of tasks. This morphing is governed by a musculoskeletal system, which couples elbow and wrist motion. Since the discovery of this effect in 1839, the planar ‘drawing parallels’ mechanism has been used to explain the coupling. Remarkably, this mechanism has never been corroborated from quantitative motion data. Therefore, we measured how the wing skeleton of a pigeon ( Columba livia ) moves during morphing. Despite earlier planar assumptions, we found that the skeletal motion paths are highly three-dimensional and do not lie in the anatomical plane, ruling out the ‘drawing parallels’ mechanism. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography scans in seven consecutive poses show how the two wrist bones contribute to morphing, particularly the sliding ulnare. From these data, we infer the joint types for all six bones that form the wing morphing mechanism and corroborate the most parsimonious mechanism based on least-squares error minimization. Remarkably, the algorithm shows that all optimal four-bar mechanisms either lock, are unable to track the highly three-dimensional bone motion paths, or require the radius and ulna to cross for accuracy, which is anatomically unrealistic. In contrast, the algorithm finds that a six-bar mechanism recreates the measured motion accurately with a parallel radius and ulna and a sliding ulnare. This revises our mechanistic understanding of how birds morph their wings, and offers quantitative inspiration for engineering morphing wings.

scholarly journals Design of compliant mechanism-based variable camber morphing wing with nonlinear large deformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 172988141988674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqing Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Ge ◽  
Ziang Zhang ◽  
Xiaojuan Mo ◽  
Yonghong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformation ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Compliant Mechanism ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Morphing Wing ◽  
Structure Topology ◽  
Trailing Edges ◽  
Morphing Wings

The morphing wing with large deformation can benefit its flight performance a lot in different conditions. In this study, a variable camber morphing wing with compliant leading and trailing edges is designed by large-displacement compliant mechanisms. The compliant mechanisms are carried out by a hyperelastic structure topology optimization, based on a nonlinear meshless method. A laminated leading-edge skin is designed to fit the curvature changing phenomenon of the leading edge during deformation. A morphing wing demonstrator was manufactured to testify its deformation capability. Comparing to other variable camber morphing wings, the proposal can realize larger deflection of leading and trailing edges. The designed morphing wing shows great improvement in aerodynamic performance and enough strength to resist aerodynamic and structural loadings.

English for Business Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Bhatia ◽  
Stephen Bremner
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Genre Analysis ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Business English ◽  
Business World ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Gradual Shift

The concept of Business English has undergone some major shifts in the last few years because of a number of developments, such as advances in genre theory and the coming together of English for Business Purposes and Business Communication, inspired by the realization that there is a gap to be bridged between the academy and the globalized business world. Drawing on advances in the analysis of business discourses, especially in applied genre analysis, this state-of-the-art review revisits the frameworks currently used in English for Business Purposes and Business Communication (or, more generally, Professional Communication) to suggest an integration of the two approaches for the design of English for Business Communication (EBC) programmes. The study incorporates an extensive review of much of the relevant published work in all the three areas mentioned above to identify some of the main issues in EBC, and illustrates a gradual shift in the rationale for the design and implementation of EBC programmes.

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