Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Emblica officinalis Suppresses Neuroinflammation in Microglia and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro2a Cells

Inhibiting neuroinflammation and modulating neurite outgrowth could be a promising strategy to prevent neurological disorders. Emblica officinalis (EO) may be a potent agent against them. Although EO extract reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages, there is limited knowledge about its neuroprotective activity by suppressing microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and inducing neurite outgrowth. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of EO fruit extract on the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neuroinflammation using microglial (BV2) and neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) cells. The results demonstrated that, in LPS-treated BV2 cells, EO fruit extract reduced nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrotic factor-α production. It also enhanced the neurite length of Neuro2a cells, which was linked to the upregulation of TuJ1 and MAP2 expressions. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of EO fruits has promising neuroprotective potential to exhibit antineuroinflammation activity and accelerative effect on neurite outgrowth in vitro. Therefore, EO fruit extract can be considered a novel herbal medicine candidate for managing neuroinflammatory diseases.

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Effects of Carbazole Derivatives on Neurite Outgrowth and Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Cytotoxicity in Neuro2a Cells

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24071366 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yoshiko Furukawa ◽

Atsushi Sawamoto ◽

Mizuki Yamaoka ◽

Makiko Nakaya ◽

Yuhzo Hieda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Cell Death ◽

Neurite Outgrowth ◽

Akt Signaling ◽

Akt Signaling Pathway ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Neuro2a Cells ◽

Cerebral Ischemic

Many studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in several ailments including neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemic injury. Previously we synthesized some carbazole compounds that have anti-oxidant ability in vitro. In this present study, we found that one of these 22 carbazole compounds, compound 13 (3-ethoxy-1-hydroxy-8- methoxy-2-methylcarbazole-5-carbaldehyde), had the ability to protect neuro2a cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. It is well known that neurite loss is one of the cardinal features of neuronal injury. Our present study revealed that compound 13 had the ability to induce neurite outgrowth through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in neuro2a cells. These findings suggest that compound 13 might exert a neurotrophic effect and thus be a useful therapy for the treatment of brain injury.

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Activity of Noni Fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) Ethanolic Extract on Class mu Glutation S-Transferase of Lung Rat

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev11iss1pp46-53 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Purwanto Purwanto ◽

Sudibyo Martono

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Effective Response ◽

Natural Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gst Activity

One of the main modalities of cancer treatment is chemotherapy, which uses chemicals that are generally electrophilic. These xenobiotic compounds sometimes does not produce effective response due to activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) which inactivate the xenobiotics. Several natural phenolic compounds were reported to inhibit GST activity in vitro. Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) which contains flavonoids and other phenolic compounds such as scopoletin and morindon is proposed to interfere GST activity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Noni fruit in vivo on GST activity in lung rat using 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB). This substrate is a specific for class mu GST. First, rats were administered with ethanolic extract of Noni and dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) for two weeks. The cytosolic fraction of lung was isolated then the GST activity was determined by simple kinetic program which was automatically calculated using spectrophotometer. The results showed that ethanolic extract of Noni in 1 and 5% (w/v) of concentration induced class mu GST activity, whereas 10% (w/v) of concentration inhibited class mu GST activity. After a treatment with DMBA, all tested concentrations of ethanolic extract of Noni inhibited class mu GST activity of lung rat significantly. These results indicated that Noni fruit extract can be further developed as a supportive agent of a chemotherapy drug.Keywords: DMBA, GST, Morinda citrifolia L., spectrophotometer.

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Gyogamdan, a Traditional Medicine Prescription, Ameliorated Dermal Inflammation and Hyperactive Behavior in an Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model Exposed to Psychological Stress

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6687513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Ly Thi Huong Nguyen ◽

Uy Thai Nguyen ◽

Min-Jin Choi ◽

Tae-Woo Oh ◽

In-Jun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Psychological Stress ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Eosinophil Infiltration ◽

Bv2 Cells ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Medicine Prescription

Psychological stress (PS) plays a significant role as an aggravating factor in atopic dermatitis (AD). The traditional medicine prescription, Gyogamdan, has been used to treat chest discomfort and mood disorders caused by PS. This study investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract of Gyogamdan (GGDE) on stress-associated AD models and the underlying mechanisms. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene- (DNCB-) treated BALB/c mice were exposed to social isolation (SI) stress. The effects of orally administered GGDE (100 or 500 mg/kg) were evaluated by ELISA, western blotting, and an open field test (OFT). SI stress exaggerated the skin inflammation and induced locomotor hyperactivity in the AD mouse model. GGDE reduced the levels of IgE, TNF-α, IL-13, eotaxin, and VEGF and mast cell/eosinophil infiltration and prevented the decreases in the levels of involucrin and loricrin in the skin. GGDE also suppressed the SI-induced increases in corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) in socially isolated AD mice. Furthermore, GGDE reduced traveling distances and mean speed significantly in the OFT. The in vitro experiments were performed using HaCaT, HMC-1, PC12, and BV2 cells. In the TNF-α/IFN-γ- (TI-) stimulated HaCaT cells, GGDE decreased the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) production significantly by inhibiting p-STAT1 and NF-κB signaling. GGDE also reduced VEGF production in HMC-1 cells stimulated with CRH/substance P (SP) by inhibiting p-ERK signaling pathway. GGDE increased the cell viability significantly and suppressed apoptosis in CORT-stimulated PC12 cells. Moreover, GGDE suppressed the LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BV2 cells. These results suggest that GGDE might be useful in patients with AD, which is exacerbated by PS.

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Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Forsythiae suspensa fruits on oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-019-2761-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Mu Yi ◽

Sarah Shin ◽

No Soo Kim ◽

Ok-Sun Bang

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Neuropathy ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Neurite Outgrowth ◽

Pc12 Cells ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Neuroprotective Effects

Abstract Background The dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa has generally been used to clear heat and detoxify in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. Oxaliplatin is a first-line treatment chemotherapeutic agent for advanced colorectal cancer, but it induces peripheral neuropathy as an adverse side effect affecting the treatment regimen and the patient’s quality of life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of F. suspensa fruits (EFSF) on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods The chemical components from EFSF were characterized and quantified using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector system. The cytotoxicities of anticancer drugs in cancer cells and PC12 cells were assessed by the Ez-Cytox viability assay. To measure the in vitro neurotoxicity, the neurite outgrowth was analyzed in the primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, and neural PC12 cells that were differentiated with nerve growth factor. To evaluate the in vivo neuroprotective activity, the von Frey test was performed in six-week-old male mice (C57BL/6) receiving EFSF (60–600 mg/kg) in the presence of 20–30 mg/kg cumulative doses of oxaliplatin. Thereafter, the mice were euthanized for immunohistochemical staining analysis with an antibody against PGP9.5. Results EFSF attenuated the cytotoxic activities of the various anticancer drugs in neural PC12 cells, but did not affect the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin in human cancer cells. Oxaliplatin remarkably induced neurotoxicities including cytotoxicity and the inhibited neurite outgrowth of DRG and neural PC12 cells. However, the co-treatment of EFSF (100 μg/ml) with oxaliplatin completely reversed the oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Forsythoside A, the major component of EFSF, also exerted remarkable neuroprotective effects against the oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, EFSF (60–200 mg/kg) significantly alleviated the oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and loss of intra-epidermal nerve fiber to the levels of the vehicle control in the mouse peripheral neuropathy model. Conclusions EFSF could be considered a useful herbal medicine for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy with oxaliplatin.

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Protective effect of Emblica officinalis ethanolic extract against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1191/0960327104ht484oa ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 527-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S Mumtaz Banu ◽

K Selvendiran ◽

J Prince Vijeya Singh ◽

D Sakthisekaran

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Treated Group ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Emblica Officinalis ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Dose Dependent

Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit extract was evaluated for protection against genotoxicity induced by the rodent carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Oral administration of EO fruit extract in various concentrations (100, 250, 500mg/kg b.wt) for seven consecutive days prior to a single intraperitoneal injection of DMBA decreased the frequency of bone marrow micronuclei induced in Swiss albino mice. Significant increases in the liver antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and detoxifying enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST), were found in the fruit extract treated group. The extract also reduced the hepatic levels of the activating enzymes cytochrome (CYt) P450 and Cyt b5. These increased in the carcinogen treated group, which emphasizes its protective effect against the carcinogen. There was a dose-dependent effect of the extract against the genotoxin with the maximum effect at 500 mg/kg b.wt. The protection afforded by EO may be associated with its antioxidant capacity and through its modulatory effect on hepatic activation and detoxifying enzymes.

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Study on correlation of Antioxidant activities with presence of phenolic and Flavanoid contents in Emblica officinalis and Terminalia chebula

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Ranjan Singh ◽

Suhas Kumar

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Terminalia Chebula ◽

Emblica Officinalis ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Gallic Acid Equivalent

Background: Reactive oxygen species have been known to cause cellular damages that have been implicated to be a causal of major diseases; therefore natural antioxidants have shown a significant impact on human robustness. The present study was carried out to appraise the anti-oxidant activities (In- vitro) and their correlation with presence of Flavanoid and Phenolic content in fruits of Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis fruit extracts which is common in herbal Kitchen of India. Methods: The 70% extracts of fruits from Terminalia chebula and Emblica officialis were applied for the study of Anti-oxidant activity. Scavenging radical ability of extracts of these extracts were judged by radical like DPPH. Results: The capability of the extracts of Fruits in exhibiting Antioxidative properties follow the sequence of Terminalia chebula > Emblica officinalis. Since the antioxidant activities were studied in comparison with the standards of Flavanoid, Phenolic and Ascorbic acid. The Flavanoid and Phenolic quantity / amount along with subsequent dilution of Ascorbic acid as in case of DPPH radical assay were assessed as 127.60 ± 0.001 mg/ml, 133.00 ± 0.003 mg/ml for Phenolic Content as Gallic acid equivalent per 100 mg of the Fruit extract. Keywords: Antioxidant, Phenol, Flavanoid, Emblica, Terminalia.

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Effect of Wasabi Extract on Inflammatory Response of BV2 Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20197801011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 01011

Author(s):

Chen Chen ◽

Qiu Yuanyuan

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Cell Model ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Inflammatory Factor ◽

Microglia Cell ◽

Bv2 Cells ◽

Bv2 Microglia ◽

Factor Α

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of wasabi extract 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC) on preventing neuroinflammation. Methods: The activation of BV2 microglia cell was introduced by LPS to establish an in vitro neuroinflammatory cell model, and the influence of 6-MITC on the survival rate of BV2 cells was deceted by MTT assay and the mRNA expression level of inflammatory factors in each group were deceted by RT-qPCR. Results: 6-MITC can significantly down-regulate mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after activation of BV2 cells induced by LPS. Conclusion: 6-MITC can inhibit LPS-induced microglia activation and decrease inflammatory response of BV2 cells.

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