scholarly journals Teratogenic Effect of High Dose of Syzygium guineense (Myrtaceae) Leaves on Wistar Albino Rat Embryos and Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Melese Abebe ◽  
Kaleab Asres ◽  
Yonas Bekuretsion ◽  
Samuel Woldkidan ◽  
Eyob Debebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Syzygium Guineense ◽  
Ossification Centers ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Syzygium guineense is an important medicinal plant effective against hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer but with no evidence of its teratogenicity. This study was planned to investigate the teratogenic potential of S. guineense leaves on rat embryos and fetuses. Five groups of Wistar albino rats, each consisting of ten pregnant rats, were used as experimental animals. Groups I-III rats were treated with 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of hydroethanolic extract of S. guineense leaves, and groups IV and V were control and ad libitum control, respectively. Rats were treated during day 6–12 of gestation. Embryos and fetuses were retrieved at day 12 and day 20 of gestation, respectively. The embryos were assessed for developmental delays and growth retardation. The fetuses were examined for gross external, skeletal, and visceral anomalies. In 12-day old rat embryos, crown-rump length, number of somites, and morphological scores were significantly reduced by the treatment of 1000 mg/kg of the extract. The external morphological and visceral examinations of rat fetuses did not reveal any detectable structural malformations in the cranial, nasal, oral cavities, and visceral organs. The ossification centers of fetal skull, vertebrae, hyoid, forelimb, and hindlimb bones were not significantly varied across all groups. However, even if not statistically significant, high-dose treated rat fetuses had a reduced number of ossification centers in the sternum, caudal vertebrae, metatarsal, metacarpal, and phalanges. Treatment with the hydroethanolic extract of S. guineense leaves produced no significant skeletal and soft tissue malformations. The plant extract did not produce significant teratogenic effects on rat embryos/fetuses up to 500 mg/kg doses but retarded the growth of embryos at high dose (1000 mg/kg) as evidenced by decreased crown-rump length, number of somites, and morphological scores. Therefore, it is not advisable to take large doses of the plant during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Methanolic Extracts of Seeds of Moringa stenopetala, Moringaceae in Rat Embryos and Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel Teshome ◽  
Chalachew Tiruneh ◽  
Gete Berihun
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Death ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Moringa Stenopetala ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Rat Embryos ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Stomach Pain

Moringa stenopetala is a medicinal plant that has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine as a remedy for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and stomach pain. The study is aimed at assessing the toxicity of the methanol extracts of the seeds of Moringa stenopetala on the developing embryo and fetuses of rats. The seeds of Moringa were extracted by maceration using 80% methanol. The extract (250–1000 mg/kg) was orally administered to pregnant Swiss albino rats from days 6 to12 of gestation. Embryos and fetuses were recovered by laparotomy on gestational day 12 and day 20, respectively, and were assessed for developmental anomalies. On day 20, significant prenatal growth retardation such as reduced litter weight and crown-rump length were observed in near term fetuses of 1000 mg/kg treated rats. Litter weight in 1000 mg/kg and pair-fed control groups was 2.41   g ± 0.108 and 3.08   g ± 0.093 , respectively. Delay in the development of an otic, optic, and olfactory system, as well as a reduction in a number of branchial bars, occurred on day 12 embryos of 1000 mg/kg treated rats. The rate of fetal resorption in 1000 mg/kg and pair-fed control groups was 1.6 ± 0.55 and 0.42 ± 0.52 , respectively. There was also a high incidence of fetal death in the 1000 mg/kg treated group but it was not statistically significant. The offspring’s of Moringa-treated rats did not show gross external malformations at all doses. These findings suggest that the methanol seed extract of Moringa stenopetala is not safe to rat embryos and fetuses. Its toxic effects were evidenced by a significant delay in embryonic and fetal development and an increase in fetal resorptions and fetal death.

scholarly journals Lufenuron induces reproductive toxicity and genotoxic effects in pregnant albino rats and their fetuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesam T. Basal ◽  
Abdel Rahman T. Ahmed ◽  
Aya A. Mahmoud ◽  
Amel R. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Oxidative Stresses

Abstract Insecticides and other agrochemicals have become indispensable components of the agricultural system to ensure a notable increase in crop yield and food production. As a natural consequence, chemical residues result in significantly increased contamination of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The present study evaluated the teratogenic, genotoxic, and oxidative stress effects of residual-level lufenuron exposure on pregnant rats during the organogenesis gestational period of both mother and fetus. The tested dams were divided into three groups; control (untreated), low-dose group (orally administered with 0.4 mg/kg lufenuron) and high-dose group (orally administered with 0.8 mg/kg lufenuron). The dams of the two treatment groups showed teratogenic abnormalities represented by the asymmetrical distribution of fetuses in both uterine horns, accompanied by observed resorption sites and intensive bleeding in the uterine horns, whereas their fetuses suffered from growth retardation, morphologic malformations, and skeletal deformations. Histologic examination of the liver and kidney tissues obtained from mothers and fetuses after lufenuron exposure revealed multiple histopathologic changes. DNA fragmentation and cell cycle perturbation were also detected in the liver cells of lufenuron-treated pregnant dams and their fetuses through comet assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, lufenuron-induced oxidative stress in the liver of mothers and fetuses was confirmed by the increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase). Taken together, it can be concluded that lufenuron has a great potential in exerting teratogenic, genotoxic, and oxidative stresses on pregnant rats and their fetuses upon chronic exposure to residual levels during the organogenesis gestational period. The obtained results in the present study imply that women and their fetuses may have the same risk.

scholarly journals Toxic Effect of Khat in Rat Embryos and Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Selamawit Belete ◽  
Kaleab Asres ◽  
Yonas Bekuretsion ◽  
Rekik Ashebir ◽  
Melese Shenkut Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Developmental Anomalies ◽  
Rat Embryos

Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a plant consumed by many people in Eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, and Southern Arabia to be stimulated. There are several human and animal studies on khat that provide information about its toxic effects. However, the potential toxic effects of khat on embryos and fetuses have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects of khat exposure during the earliest period of gestation in rats. Pregnant Wistar albino rats were treated with khat extract at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg doses from day 6 through day 12 of gestation. The treatment was delivered by gavage. Embryos and fetuses were recovered on gestational day 12 or day 20, respectively, and were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed for developmental anomalies. Placentae from the treatment and control groups were investigated for histopathological effects. Results of the present study showed that khat exposure during pregnancy had dose-dependent toxic effects in rat embryos and fetuses. Prenatal growth retardation such as reduced fetal weight and crown-rump length was observed in near-term fetuses, especially, in animals treated with the highest dose of khat ( p < 0.05 ). Growth retardation and developmental anomalies were also observed in day 12 embryos of khat-treated rats. Maternal weight gain of the khat-treated group was also significantly lower than the control group. Cytolysis, decidual hypoplasia, and atrophy were observed in the placenta of the khat-treated rats. Findings of the present study revealed, for the first time, that exposure of pregnant rat to crude extract of khat causes embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects.

Dose-Dependent Effect of Short-Term Repeated Exposure to Amitraz on Some Reproductive Parameters in Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seriki Samuel Adinoyi
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent

Amitraz is a pesticide used in agriculture and public health to control insects, weeds, animals, and vectors of disease. Although the use of pesticides is of benefit in general, abuse of the pesticides is harmful due to their potential toxicity to humans and animals. Present study examined the effect of the pesticide on the male reproductive parameters of the male albino rats. 20 rats were grouped into four. Group 1 was control, Group 2 was given low dose Amitraz, Group 3 was median dose, and Group 4 was high dose. The administration was for a period of 21 days. Results showed that Amitraz has dose dependent toxicity effect on the reproductive parameter of the rat. Amitraz is toxic to the reproductive parameters of the albino rat, and could lower sperm concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. By implication, Amitraz is toxic to the reproductive system and could cause infertility in male.

Effects of Dihydroquercetin on Behavior of Albino Rat Offspring with Transgenerational Chemical Body Burden

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
E.A. Kapustina ◽  
L.G. Lisetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring

Introduction. Lead pollution is a common environmental problem. Having no physiological functions, this toxicant has a negative polytropic impact on a body, including neurotoxic, reproductive, and transgenerational effects. The mechanism of lead toxicity is oxidative stress. Flavonoids have active antioxidant properties. They are widely represented in plant foods, are able to restore protective capabilities of cells and have chelating properties with respect to lead. One of the representatives of this group of substances is dihydroquercetin. The objective was to study the effect of dihydroquercetin on behavior of rats with hereditary chemical body burden exposed to lead at 60 mg/kg during 25 days. Materials and methods. We studied the behavior of rat offspring in an open field and established their blood lead levels by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. For statistical processing the U-Mann – Whitney test was used. Results. In the present experiment, the effect of lead on the offspring of male albino rats exposed to 60 mg/kg of lead for 25 days caused changes in the activity of animals in the open field. The severity of changes was more pronounced in animals with a hereditary chemical body burden. These animals showed a decrease in orientation and physical activity and increased anxiety. In rats with a hereditary burden, changes in behavior were detected when administering dihydroquercetin. The activity of animals demonstrated a positive dynamics: we observed a statistically significant increase in physical activity and orientation. The number and duration of behavioral acts approached control values. Conclusions. The revealed effects of lead on the offspring of albino rats with a transgenerational chemical body burden require further study to understand the mechanism of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals Palmitoylethanolamide: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 109158182098607
Author(s):  
Narendra S. Deshmukh ◽  
Shailesh Gumaste ◽  
Silma Subah ◽  
Nathasha Omal Bogoda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Level

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous ethanolamine playing a protective and homeodynamic role in animals and plants. Prenatal developmental toxicity of PEA was tested following oral administration to pregnant female Wistar rats, from days 0 to 19 of gestation, at dosage of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg body weight, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline No. 414. On gestation day 20, cesarean sections were performed on the dams, followed by examination of their ovaries and uterine contents. The fetuses were further examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Palmitoylethanolamide did not cause any alterations at any of the given dosages in the measured maternal parameters of systemic toxicity (body weight, food consumption, survival, thyroid functions, organ weight, histopathology), reproductive toxicity (preimplantation and postimplantation losses, uterus weight, number of live/dead implants and early/late resorptions, litter size and weights, number of fetuses, their sex ratio), and fetal external, visceral, or skeletal observations. Any alterations that were recorded were “normal variations” or “minor anomalies,” which were unrelated to treatment with PEA. Under the condition of this prenatal study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of PEA for maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats was found to be >1,000 mg/kg body weight/d. It indicates that PEA is well tolerated by and is safe to pregnant rats even at a high dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight/d, equivalent to a human dose of greater than 9.7 g/d. This prenatal developmental toxicity study contributes greatly in building a robust safety profile for PEA.

Effect of Morphine Sulfate on Spontaneous Activity Level of the Albino Rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Glenn Collins
Keyword(s):  
Drug Effect ◽  
Activity Wheel ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Morphine Sulfate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
General Activity Level ◽  
Hunger Drive

In two experiments involving 40 albino rats and two dosage levels of morphine sulfate it was found that relatively high analgesic dosages of morphine significantly depressed general activity level in the revolving drum. Also, there was a significant interaction between drug effect and hunger drive. In the case of moderate analgesic doses (7 mg/kg) no systematic effect of morphine on activity-wheel performance was noted.

scholarly journals CHRONIC SODIUM CHLORIDE TOXICITY IN THE ALBINO RAT

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Meneely ◽  
Robert G. Tucker ◽  
William J. Darby ◽  
Stewart H. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Histologic Changes ◽  
Dietary Sodium Chloride

Sustained arterial hypertension developed in male, albino rats chronically fed diets rich in sodium chloride with demineralized drinking water available ad libitum. After 12 months of the experimental regimen a positive, linear correlation (r = 0.91) was found between the systolic blood pressure and the concentration of sodium chloride in the diet. A syndrome of edema and renal failure was observed in 18 per cent of the group fed at the level of 7.0 to 9.8 per cent of sodium chloride. Significant histologic changes occurred in the kidneys and certain other organs in rats consuming rations containing these levels of NaCl. The relative volume of the radiosodium space was increased in the rat by high dietary sodium chloride.

Visual thresholds in albino and pigmented rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Herreros De Tejada ◽  
Daniel G. Green ◽  
Carmen Muñoz Tedó
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Absolute Threshold ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
A Value ◽  
Visual Evoked Cortical Potential ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Visual Evoked

AbstractAlbino rats have recently been reported to have increment thresholds against dim backgrounds that are two log units higher than those of pigmented rats. We, on the other hand, have failed to confirm these differences using electroretinogram b waves and pupillary light reflexes. This paper reports on experiments using evoked potentials from cortex and colliculus and single-unit recordings from colliculus.We recorded visual-evoked potentials from cortex and superior colliculus in the strains of albino (CD) and pigmented (Long-Evans) rats used in the earlier studies. Thresholds were determined on eight fully dark-adapted animals by extrapolating intensity-response curves to the point at which there was zero evoked potential. The average dark-adapted threshold for the visual-evoked cortical potential was —5.26 log cd/m2in pigmented and —5.80 log cd/m2 in albino animals. The average dark-adapted threshold for the superior colliculus evoked response was —5.54 log cd/m2 in pigmented and —5.84 log cd/m2 in albinos. The differences were not statistically significant. On the same apparatus, the average absolute threshold for three human observers was —5.3 log cd/m2, a value close to the rat dark-adapted thresholds. Thus, visual-evoked cortical potentials and superior collicular evoked potentials failed to confirm the report of higher dark-adapted thresholds for albinos. In addition, we find that single units in superior colliculus in the albino rat respond to very dim flashes.

Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Atawodi ◽  
AC Ene ◽  
DA Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

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