Seroconfirmed Typhoid Fever and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Febrile Patients Attending at Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Introduction. Typhoid fever (TF) is a febrile global health problem caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) with relatively high prevalence in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Identifying local prevalence and gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards TF is recommended by the World Health Organization to implement preventive measures. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of S. Typhi and KAP of febrile patients towards TF in Injibara General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020. A total of 237 patients were included conveniently. Data on KAP and demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. After the interview, 5 ml venous blood was collected and processed using the Widal test following the manufacturer’s instruction. Mean scores and percentages were used to determine the level of KAP. Multivariable analysis was done to correlate KAPs with TF. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of S. Typhi was 25.7%. The highest seroprevalence was observed among the age group of 30-34 years (33.3%) and patients with no education. The majority of participants know the major ways of TF transmission (59.1-90.7%) and prevention (81.4%) methods. However, the misconception on the route of TF transmission was observed in 13.5-36.7% of participants. About 65.4% and 67.5% of study participants were considered knowledgeable and had good preventive practice towards TF, respectively. Being a student ( AOR = 0.227 , CI = 0.053 − 0.965 ) and considering mosquito bite as transmission routes ( AOR = 2.618 , CI = 1.097 − 6.248 ) were significantly associated with TF. Conclusion. High S. Typhi prevalence was observed in the study area. Moreover, the misconception on the transmission of typhoid fever and educational level was a risk factor for TF. Thus, health facilities should incorporate topics on typhoid fever as part of their health education system within health facilities and in the community.

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Perinatal asphyxia and associated factors among neonates admitted to a specialized public hospital in South Central Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262619 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262619

Author(s):

Seifu Awgchew Mamo ◽

Girum Sebsibie Teshome ◽

Tewodros Tesfaye ◽

Abel Tibebu Goshu

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

South Central ◽

Health Organization

Introduction Perinatal asphyxia continues to be a significant clinical concern around the world as the consequences can be devastating. World Health Organization data indicates perinatal asphyxia is encountered amongst 6–10 newborns per 1000 live full-term birth, and the figures are higher for low and middle-income countries. Nevertheless, studies on the prevalence of asphyxia and the extent of the problem in poorly resourced southern Ethiopian regions are limited. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used from March to April 2020. Data was collected from charts of neonates who were admitted to NICU from January 2016 to December 31, 2019. Result The review of 311 neonates’ medical records revealed that 41.2% of the neonates experienced perinatal asphyxia. Preeclampsia during pregnancy (AOR = 6.2, 95%CI:3.1–12.3), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 4.5, 95%CI:2.3–8.6), gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:1.9–9.2), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI:1.33–4.7) fetal distress (AOR = 3,95%CI:1.3–7.0) and meconium-stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 7.7, 95%CI: 3.1–19.3) were the associated factors. Conclusion Substantial percentages of neonates encounter perinatal asphyxia, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Focus on early identification and timely treatment of perinatal asphyxia in hospitals should, therefore, be given priority.

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Analysis of patterns of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities in Nepal

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (01) ◽

pp. 18-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anant Nepal ◽

Delia Hendrie ◽

Suzanne Robinson ◽

Linda A Selvey

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Who Guidelines ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Inappropriate Use

Introduction: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is recognised as a leading cause of antibiotic resistance. Little is known about antibiotic prescribing practices at public health facilities in low- and middle-income countries. We examined patterns of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities in Nepal and explored factors influencing these practices. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities was conducted in the Rupandehi district of Nepal. Six public health facilities were selected based on WHO guidelines, and data were extracted from administrative records for 6,860 patient encounters. Patterns of antibiotic prescribing were investigated using descriptive statistics. Chi-squared tests and logistic regressions were applied to explore factors associated with antibiotic prescribing. Results: Of patients attending public health facilities, the proportion prescribed at least one antibiotic (44.7%) was approximately twice the WHO recommended value (20.0 to 26.8%). The antibiotic prescribing rate for hospital inpatients (64.6%) was higher than for other facilities, with the prescribing rate also high in primary health care centres (50.4%) and health posts (52.2%). The most frequently (29.9%) prescribed antibiotic classes were third-generation cephalosporins. Females (p = 0.005) and younger (p < 0.001) patients were more likely to be prescribed antibiotics. High prescribing rates of antibiotics for selected diseases appeared contrary to international recommendations. Conclusion: Antibiotic prescribing in public health facilities was high compared with WHO guidelines, suggesting the need for strategies to reduce misuse of antibiotics. This study provides useful information to assist in formulating policies and guidelines to promote more appropriate use of antibiotics in Nepal.

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Poor COVID-19 Preventive Practice among Healthcare Workers in Northwest Ethiopia, 2020

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/7526037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie ◽

Aynishet Adane ◽

Eskeziaw Abebe Kassahun ◽

Amare Simegn Ayele ◽

Aysheshim Kassahun Belew

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practice

Background. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak affects the global social, economic, and political context and becomes a significant threat to healthcare providers who are among the exposed groups to acquire and transmit the disease while caring and treating patients. It is crucial to comply with prevention recommendations so as to stay safe and protected. Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 preventive practice and associated factors among healthcare workers in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 630 healthcare workers in Northwest Ethiopia from March to April 2020. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. A pretested and structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data were entered using Epi Info 7 and analyzed using STATA 16 statistical software. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify associated factors. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to determine independent predictors of COVID-19 preventive practice. In multivariable analysis, a variable with a P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statically significant. Result. Among 630 healthcare workers participated in the study, the overall good preventive practice towards COVID-19 was found to be 38.73% (95% CI: 34.8, 42.5). Being a male healthcare provider (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.10), having work experience of 6–10 years (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.00), and having poor attitude towards COVID-19 (AOR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.22) were found to be significantly associated with poor COVID-19 preventive practice among healthcare workers. Conclusion. Overall compliance towards COVID-19 preventive practice among healthcare workers was found to be low. Multiple education and training platforms with focus on COVID-19 preventive measures and adequate personal protective equipment and supplies should be provided for healthcare providers.

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Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in Moshi Municipal Council, Kilimanjaro Tanzania

East African Health Research Journal ◽

10.24248/eahrj.v5i1.658 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Patrick L. Mabula ◽

Kelly I. Kazinyingi ◽

Edwin Christian Chavala ◽

Victor Mosha ◽

Sia E. Msuya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Centre ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Glucose Testing ◽

Municipal Council ◽

Tb Treatment

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a worldwide public health problem and its prevalence has been rising rapidly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) including Tanzania. According to WHO report 2015, DM is ranked number six as a leading cause of death worldwide. Strong evidence suggests that DM may be associated with Tuberculosis (TB) and could affect TB treatment outcomes. Tanzania is among the 22 countries that have a high burden of TB and currently facing increased epidemic of DM. The increasing diabetes prevalence may be a threat to TB control and counteract strategies to end TB by 2030 as proposed by WHO. Objective: To determine proportion of TB patients who are co-infected with DM in Moshi municipal council, Kilimanjaro Tanzania. Methodology: This study was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in April to July 2018 at 4 health facilities; Mawenzi Regional Referral hospital, St. Joseph District Designated hospital, Pasua Health center and Majengo Health centre in Moshi municipal. The study included adults aged 18 years and above attending either of the 4 health facilities for TB care. The study included newly diagnosed and those who were on TB treatment. Interviews were conducted followed by blood glucose testing. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS Results: A total of 153 TB patients were enrolled, their mean age was 42.5 (±14.75) years and 46 (30.1%) were females. The prevalence of DM among TB patients in this study was 9.2%. Factors associated with TB-DM comorbidity were: age (OR 4.43, 95% CI: 1.18-16.55), HIV status (OR 3.88, 95% CI: 1.06-14.11), and family history of DM (OR 6.50, 95% CI 0.67-25.56). Conclusion: One in ten patients with TB had confirmed DM. There is a need for future studies to assess if DM influences TB treatment and outcomes in this setting.

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Incidence and associated factors of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who undergone surgery under general anesthesia, in university of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: Cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.14692/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wubie Birlie Chekol ◽

Debas Yaregal Melese

Keyword(s):

General Anesthesia ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Induction Phase ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Airway Devices

Abstract Objective: this study was aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who undergone surgery under general anesthesia (GA). Results : The incidence of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who undergone surgery under GA was 57 (18.39%) . Of this 34 (59.6%) were happened during emergence, 12 (21.1%) during maintenance and 11 (19.3%) during induction phase of GA. In multivariable analysis, airway anomalies (AOR : 14.64,95%CI:1.71,125.04) , orophyrangeal secretion (AOR : 2.45,95%CI:1.19,5.06), attempts of airway devices insertion (AOR : 2.47,95%CI:1.16,5.22) , upper respiratory tract infection (AOR : 2.91,95%CI:1.008,8.41) and inadequate depth of anesthesia (AOR : 7.92,95%CI:2.7,23.22) were significantly associated with incidence of laryngospasm .

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Relationship Between Compliance to Surgery Safety Checklist and Incidents Among Anesthesiology Nurses in Operation Theater, Royal Prima Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.05.32 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution ◽

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

General Hospital ◽

Operating Room ◽

Improve Patient Safety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surgical Safety Checklist ◽

Surgical Safety

ABSTRACT Background: Patient safety issues became a global health concern, especially the occurrence of avoidable complications from surgical procedures. In 2008, World Health Organization launched the Safe Surgery Saves Lives program to improve patient safety. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between compliance to surgery safety checklist and incidents among anesthesiology nurses in operation theater at Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera. Subjects and Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted at Royal Prima General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, in August 2019. A sample of 25 anesthesiology nurses was selected by the total sampling. The dependent variable was incidents in the operating room. The independent variable was the compliance of anesthesiology nurses on performing surgical safety checklist. The data of nurse compliance were measured by the completeness of filling sign in, time out, and sign out surgical safety checklists. The data were analyzed by chi-square. Results: The incidents in the operating room reduced with compliance in surgical safety checklist filling, but it was not statistically significant (OR= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.01 to 1.95; p= 0.218). Conclusion: The incidents in the operating room reduce with compliance in surgical safety checklist filling, but statistically non-significant. Keywords: surgical safety checklist, incidents, operating room Correspondence: Wienaldi. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6285270130535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.32

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Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir with or without ribavirin in treatment of Egyptian patients infected with chronic HCV (Single Centre Study)

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab107.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Shaker ◽

Heba Abdella ◽

Zeinab hefny

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Combination Regimen ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Egyptian Patients ◽

Group Ii ◽

Chronic Hcv

Abstract Background and aim As indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), Egypt is positioned as the country with the world’s highest prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The current study was designed to describe the efficacy and safety of Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir with or without Ribavirin in treatment of chronic HCV in a cohort of Egyptian patients who were referred to the viral hepatitis unit in El -Fayoum general hospital. Methods This is a prospective descriptive cross sectional study that describes the effect of 12 weeks of daily Sofosbuvir (SOF) 400 mg plus Daclatasvir (DCV) 60 mg with or without ribavirin (RBV) with dose adjustment if indicated. It included 200 patients that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and treated in El -Fayoum general hospital, El-Fayoum, Egypt. Results In the current study, concerning viral response, SVR12 rate was achieved by 92.5% in the overall patients (185/200); by 98% (98/100) in group I, and by 87% (87/100) in group II. Concerning safety and tolerability, The main adverse effects recorded during and after 12 weeks of treatments were fatigue (46%), (66%); headache (24%), (40%); gastrointestinal upset (15%), (43%); and nausea (10%), (15%) in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Only one female patient in group II developed HCC. All patients completed treatment till the end of course. Conclusion The current study suggested that treatment of SOF plus DCV with/without RBV for chronic HCV patients in Egypt was generally safe, well tolerated, and of high efficacy, reflecting the antiviral potency and high resistance barrier of the combination regimen.

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HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE DERANGEMENTS IN PATIENTS DUE TO NON-RESISTANT AND RESISTANT TYPHOID FEVER

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i5.4359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 1615-18

Author(s):

Sunila Tashfeen ◽

Naveed Asif ◽

Muhammad Farooq

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Haematological Parameter ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Haematological Profile

Objective: To assess and compare the frequency of haematological parameter derangements in patients due to non-resistant and extended drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Department of Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Jan to Dec 2019. Methodology: A total number of 172 blood culture Salmonella positive patients irrespective of age and gender were included in this study. Salmonella strains were isolated and grouped further according to their drugs sensitivity. 3ml venous blood was collected from these patients in Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid container and blood complete count was done by semiautomated haematology analyser XP-100. Results: There were 126 (73%) males and 46 (27%) females with mean age of 17.5 ± 10.3 years. Out of 172 subjects, 106 (61.6%) had non-resistant typhoid and rest 66 (38.4%) were diagnosed with extended drug resistant Typhoid. We compared anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia between two groups and found anaemia statistically significant with the p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: This study has documented that changes in haematological parameters are significant in typhoid fever and early patients diagnosis, management and disease course can be monitored with them. Patients with significant anaemia and not responding to first line therapy should be considered as a case of extended drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella.

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Post-Cesarean Section Maternal Health Outcome and its Determinants in Tigray Regional State, North Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.2.16563/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mebrahtu Abay ◽

Welay Gebremariam ◽

Mirkuzie Woldie Kurie ◽

Haileselassie Berhane ◽

Abraham Mengstu

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Maternal Outcome ◽

Health Facilities ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Regional State ◽

Health Organization ◽

Referral Status

Abstract Back ground Cesarean section rate is increasing worldwide. However, the World Health Organization has declared that there is insufficient information on maternal outcome following cesarean section for decision making.Objective The aim of this study was to assess post cesarean section maternal outcome and its associated factors availing evidence for practice and policy.Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 mothers who underwent cesarean section in six selected public general hospitals of Tigray regional State, Ethiopia. Mothers were followed for the duration of post-operative period until they became safe for discharge. The maternal outcomes were categorized into either adverse or good outcomes depending on whether mothers develop any cesarean section related morbidity or not. Logistic regression model was constructed to determine the AOR and 95% CI of independent factors associated with maternal outcome following cesarean section.Results The proportion of adverse maternal outcome was 19.3% with 95% CI of (15.7% -23.8%). Route of anesthesia administration (AOR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.126 - 0.695) and referral status (AOR = 0.371, 95%CI: 0.214 - 0.641) were statistically significant factors associated with maternal outcome following cesarean section.Conclusion There was high proportion of adverse maternal outcome. General anesthesia and referral from lower health facilities were associated with higher risk of post-CS adverse maternal outcome. Equipping lower level health facilities with the human and material capacity for timely detection of CS indications and provision of cesarean section services could decrease the number of referrals and subsequent delays that lead to adverse maternal outcome.

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