scholarly journals Effects of Early Transplantation of the Faecal Microbiota from Tibetan Pigs on the Gut Development of DSS-Challenged Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
H. Diao ◽  
Y. Xiao ◽  
H. L. Yan ◽  
B. Yu ◽  
J. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tibetan Pigs ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of early transplantation of the faecal microbiota from Tibetan pigs on the gut development of dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) challenged piglets. In total, 24 3-day-old DLY piglets were divided into four groups ( n = 6 per group); a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used, which included faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) (from Tibetan pigs) and DSS challenge. The whole trial lasted for 55 days. DSS infusion increased the intestinal density, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, and colonic Escherichia coli count ( P < 0.05 ), and decreased the Lactobacillus spp. count and mRNA abundances of epidermal growth factor (EGF), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), occludin, mucin 2 (MUC2), regeneration protein IIIγ (RegIIIγ), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the colon ( P < 0.05 ). FMT increased the Lactobacillus spp. count and mRNA abundances of GLP-2, RegIIIγ, and IL-10 in the colon ( P < 0.05 ), and decreased the intestinal density, serum DAO activity, and colonic E. coli number ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, in DSS-challenged piglets, FMT decreased the disease activity index ( P < 0.05 ) and attenuated the effect of DSS challenge on the intestinal density, serum DAO activity, and colonic E. coli number ( P < 0.05 ). These data indicated that the faecal microbiota from Tibetan pigs could attenuate the negative effect of DSS challenge on the gut development of piglets.

scholarly journals VSL#3 Probiotic Upregulates Intestinal Mucosal Alkaline Sphingomyelinase and Reduces Inflammation

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Soo ◽  
Karen L Madsen ◽  
Qassim Tejpar ◽  
Beate C Sydora ◽  
Richard Sherbaniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Alkaline Sphingomyelinase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

BACKGROUND: Alkaline sphingomyelinase, an enzyme found exclusively in bile and the intestinal brush border, hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, thereby inducing epithelial apoptosis. Reduced levels of alkaline sphingomyelinase have been found in premalignant and malignant intestinal epithelia and in ulcerative colitis tissue. Probiotic bacteria can be a source of sphingomyelinase.OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of VSL#3 probiotic therapy on mucosal levels of alkaline sphingomyelinase, both in a mouse model of colitis and in patients with ulcerative colitis.METHODS: Interleukin-10 gene-deficient (IL10KO) and wild type control mice were treated with VSL#3 (109colony-forming units per day) for three weeks, after which alkaline sphingomyelinase activity was measured in ileal and colonic tissue. As well, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis were treated with VSL#3 (900 billion bacteria two times per day for five weeks). Alkaline sphingomyelinase activity was measured through biopsies and comparison of ulcerative colitis disease activity index scores obtained before and after treatment.RESULTS: Lowered alkaline sphingomyelinase levels were seen in the colon (P=0.02) and ileum (P=0.04) of IL10KO mice, as compared with controls. Treatment of these mice with VSL#3 resulted in upregulation of mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity in both the colon (P=0.04) and the ileum (P=0.01). VSL#3 treatment of human patients who had ulcerative colitis decreased mean (± SEM) ulcerative colitis disease activity index scores from 5.3±1.8946 to 0.70±0.34 (P=0.02) and increased mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity.CONCLUSION: Mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity is reduced in the intestine of IL10KO mice with colitis and in humans with ulcerative colitis. VSL#3 probiotic therapy upregulates mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity.

Progranulin and insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 as Biomarkers of Disease Activity and Pathological Changes in Lupus Nephritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Samar Goma ◽  
Marwa Abdelaziz ◽  
Eman El-Hakeim ◽  
Mona El Zohri ◽  
Sohair Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding

Abstract Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, characterised by the production of auto-antibodies and the formation of immune complexes due to the polyclonal activation of T and B lymphocytes, which results in tissue and organ damage. During inflammation, neutrophils and macrophages release serine proteases to cleave progranulin (PGRN) into granulin, which exerts its pro-inflammatory effects that counteract the anti-inflammatory effects of intact PGRN. It is suggested that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a dependable biomarker of renal deterioration but it is still unclear if it has high sensitivity and specificity for discriminating SLE-caused kidney disease from other-cause kidney disease.This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of PGRN and ILGFBP-2 in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and the correlation of these biomarkers with disease activity and renal biopsy pathology. Patients and methods Patients with SLE (n=25) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=25), and age- and sex-matched controls (n=25) were enrolled in the study. Serum PGRN and ILGFBP-2 levels were measured for each group. Results Disease duration was 4.78±4.26 years in the SLE patients. The mean SLE Disease Activity Index score was 15.04±7.54. All renal biopsy results were class 2, 3, and 5 with a percentage of 32, 24, and 44% respectively. PGRN and ILGFBP-2 were significantly higher in SLE patients (p<0.001 all) than in the CKD and control groups. All patients with high levels of biomarkers showed higher values of SLE disease activity. No significant difference was noted between active and inactive LN or classes of renal biopsy with PGRN and ILGFBP-2. Conclusion PGRN and ILGFBP-2 are significantly elevated in SLE compared to CKD and the general population and were associated with the SLE Disease Activity Index but not with active LN or classes of renal biopsy.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of a combination of mesalazine and Bifid Triple Viable Capsules (BTVCs) on ulcerative colitis patients, and its effect on inflammation and oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218
Author(s):  
Lina Wei ◽  
Hua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Purpose: To determine the curative impact of mesalazine (MSZ)-BTVCs combination on ulcerative colitis (UC), and its influence on inflammation and oxidative stress in the patients.Methods: 100 UC patients were randomely assigned to a control group given MSZ capsule treatment only, and a combination group treated with BTVCs and MSZ. Treatment effectiveness, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in the two groups before and after treatment were compared.Results: The combination group had higher total effectiveness than the control group. The serum levels of MDA, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were lower, while serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were markedly increased in patients given combination treatment, when compared with controls. Pre-drug exposure UC disease activity index (UC-DAI) and clinical symptom scores were similar in both cohorts of patients, but the post-treatment scores were statistically decreased, especially in the combination group.Conclusion: The combined use of MSZ and BTVCs was more effective against UC than monotherapy, as it effectively relieved inflammation and oxidative stress in patients, resulting in better clinical efficacy.

Increased Interleukin 21 and Follicular Helper T-like Cells and Reduced Interleukin 10+ B cells in Patients with New-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Pingwei Zhao ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Yuxing Shan ◽  
Zhenyu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
New Onset

Objective.To elucidate the potential role of follicular helper T cells (TFH) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)+ B cells in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.The numbers of peripheral blood CD27+, CD38+, CD86+, CD95+, IL-10+ B cells, and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)+, programmed death-1 (PD-1)+, IL-21+, CXCR5+CD4+ TFH-like cells were examined in 23 patients with new onset SLE and 20 healthy controls (HC).ResultsIn comparison with HC, significantly reduced numbers of CD19+ and IL-10+ B cells, but increased numbers of CD27high, CD86+, CD95+ B cells, CXCR5+CD4+, ICOS+, PD-1+, and IL-21+ TFH-like cells were detected, which were accompanied by higher levels of serum IL-21, but lower levels of IL-10 in the patients. Treatment with anti-SLE therapy modulated the imbalance of different subsets of B and TFH-like cells. The levels of serum IL-21 and IL-10 were positively correlated with the numbers of CD4+CXCR5+ TFH-like and CD19+CD5+CD1d+ B cells in the patients, respectively. The numbers of CD27high B cells were correlated positively with IL-21+ TFH-like cells, but negatively with IL-10+ B cells. The values of SLE Disease Activity Index, C3, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were correlated positively with serum IL-21, but negatively with IL-10 in those patients.Conclusion.Our data indicate that the imbalance of IL-21+ TFH-like, CD27high, and IL-10+ B cells may be associated with the pathogenesis of SLE, and levels of serum IL-21 and IL-10 may be valuable for evaluating disease activity in SLE.

The Immune Response to Autologous Bacteroides in Ankylosing Spondylitis Is Characterized by Reduced Interleukin 10 Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIMON M. STEBBINGS ◽  
CORINDA TAYLOR ◽  
GERALD W. TANNOCK ◽  
MARGARET A. BAIRD ◽  
JOHN HIGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Objective.Ileocolitis is a recognized feature of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of AS, in conjunction with the normal intestinal microbiota. In order to investigate the host immune response in AS, we measured cytokines in tissue culture following exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to autologous colonic bacteria.Methods.Twenty-one patients with AS and 21 matched controls were recruited. Subjects in the AS group were assessed clinically.Bacteroidesspecies belonging to theB. fragilisgroup were selectively cultured from stool samples and paired with blood samples from each participant. Ten cultures of autologousBacteroideswere randomly selected from cultures grown from the fecal specimens of each of the 21 patients with AS and 21 controls. These were then tested for reactivity with PBMC and the cytokines produced by proliferating lymphocytes [interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-17, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α] were measured in cell culture supernatants. Differences between groups were analyzed using censored normal regression analysis.Results.The patients with AS had severe active AS with Bath AS Disease Activity Index 5.5 (± 1.6) and C-reactive protein (mg/l) 13.8 (± 12.2) (mean ± standard deviation). IL-10 concentrations inex vivoassay supernatants were lower in the AS group compared with controls (p = 0.047). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for other cytokines.Conclusion.In AS, reduced IL-10 production in response to stimulation with autologousBacteroidescultures may represent a mechanism by which intestinal inflammation develops and persists, a situation analogous to inflammatory bowel disease.

Actual Anti-TNF Trough Levels Relate to Serum IL-10 in Drug-Responding Patients With Crohn’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1366
Author(s):  
Pedro Zapater ◽  
Susana Almenara ◽  
Ana Gutiérrez ◽  
Laura Sempere ◽  
Marifé García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Drug Levels ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Background Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) responding to anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) show great variability in serum drug levels, even within the therapeutic range. We aimed at exploring the role of inflammatory, genetic, and bacterial variables in relation to anti-TNF through levels in CD patients. Methods Consecutive CD patients receiving stable doses of infliximab or adalimumab were included. Clinical and analytical parameters were recorded. Cytokine response, bacterial DNA translocation, and several immune-related genes’ genotypes were evaluated, along with serum through anti-TNF drug levels. A linear regression analysis controlled by weight and drug regimen was performed. Results One hundred nineteen patients were initially considered. Five patients on infliximab and 2 on adalimumab showed antidrug antibodies in serum and were excluded. One hundred twelve patients were finally included (62 on infliximab, 50 on adalimumab). Fourteen patients on infliximab and 15 on adalimumab (22.6% vs 30%, P = 0.37) were receiving an intensified drug regimen. C-reactive protein (CRP), fecal calprotectin, Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, leukocyte count, and albumin levels in plasma were not significantly associated with infliximab or adalimumab levels in the multivariate analysis. Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were directly related to infliximab (Beta = 0.097, P < 0.0001) and adalimumab levels (Beta = 0.069, P = 0.0241). The best multivariate regression model explaining the variability of serum infliximab and adalimumab levels included IL-10. Predicted drug levels by this model robustly fitted with actual drug levels (R2 = 0.841 for infliximab, R2 = 0.733 for adalimumab). Conclusion Serum IL-10 is significantly related to serum anti-TNF levels in CD patients, showing how the disposition of anti-TNF drugs is significantly influenced by the degree of immunological activation.

Vagus nerve integrity and experimental colitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. G560-G567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Eric Ghia ◽  
Patricia Blennerhassett ◽  
Stephen M. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Colonic Tissue

Previous studies have identified a counterinflammatory vagal reflex in the context of endotoxic shock. We have extended this observation to show that the vagus confers protection against acute (5 days) colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or by dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). We have shown that this is mediated via macrophages and involves the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we have examined whether the vagal integrity confers long-lasting protection by studying DNBS- and DSS-induced inflammatory responses in the colon at 9 to 61 days postvagotomy. The integrity of vagotomy was confirmed at all time points using CCK-induced satiety. As previously described in a DNBS and DSS model, vagotomy associated with the pyloroplasty increased all indices of inflammation. Vagotomy increased the disease activity index as well as the macroscopic and histological scores by 75 and 41%, respectively. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and colonic tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokine increased when colitis was induced 9 days postvagotomy. However, these increases in inflammatory indices were substantially diminished in mice with colitis induced 21, 33, and 61 days postvagotomy. This was accompanied by an increased production of interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) staining in colonic tissue, and serum corticosterone. These findings indicate that although vagal integrity is an important protective factor, other counterinflammatory mechanisms come into play if vagal integrity is compromised beyond 2 wk.

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

The Consumption of Galactomannan Effervescent Drinks made from Coconut Pulp Waste and Colonic Microbiota in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sri Winarti ◽  
Agung Pasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The consumption of prebiotics is known to affect the balance of gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore how a galactomannan-rich effervescent drink can affect the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (aged 2 months) were divided equally into 7 groups and treated orally each day for 15 days with 2 mL effervescent drinks with increasing levels of prebiotic galactomannan. The dosage of 500 mg galactomannan increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. with inhibition of the growth of E.coli with increased formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the cecum of rats.

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