scholarly journals On Markovian traffic with applications to TES processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-396
Author(s):  
David L. Jagerman ◽  
Benjamin Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equations ◽  
Queueing Systems ◽  
Renewal Theory ◽  
Transform Domain ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Second Order Statistics ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Traffic Processes

Markov processes are an important ingredient in a variety of stochastic applications. Notable instances include queueing systems and traffic processes offered to them. This paper is concerned with Markovian traffic, i.e., traffic processes whose inter-arrival times (separating the time points of discrete arrivals) form a real-valued Markov chain. As such this paper aims to extend the classical results of renewal traffic, where interarrival times are assumed to be independent, identically distributed. Following traditional renewal theory, three functions are addressed: the probability of the number of arrivals in a given interval, the corresponding mean number, and the probability of the times of future arrivals. The paper derives integral equations for these functions in the transform domain. These are then specialized to a subclass, TES+, of a versatile class of random sequences, called TES (Transform-Expand-Sample), consisting of marginally uniform autoregressive schemes with modulo-1 reduction, followed by various transformations. TES models are designed to simultaneously capture both first-order and second-order statistics of empirical records, and consequently can produce high-fidelity models. Two theoretical solutions for TES+ traffic functions are derived: an operator-based solution and a matric solution, both in the transform domain. A special case, permitting the conversion of the integral equations to differential equations, is illustrated and solved. Finally, the results are applied to obtain instructive closed-form representations for two measures of traffic burstiness: peakedness and index of dispersion, elucidating the relationship between them.

scholarly journals Analysis of Integrate-and-Fire Neurons: Synchronization of Synaptic Input and Spike Output

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Burkitt ◽  
G. M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Integrate And Fire ◽  
Synchronization Problem ◽  
Layered Networks ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phase Differences

A new technique for analyzing the probability distribution of output spikes for the integrate-and-fire model is presented. This technique enables us to investigate models with arbitrary synaptic response functions that incorporate both leakage across the membrane and a rise time of the postsynaptic potential. The results, which are compared with numerical simulations, are exact in the limit of a large number of small-amplitude inputs. This method is applied to the synchronization problem, in which we examine the relationship between the spread in arrival times of the inputs (the temporal jitter of the synaptic input) and the resultant spread in the times at which the output spikes are generated (output jitter). The results of previous studies, which indicated that the ratio of the output jitter to the input jitter is consistently less than one and that it decreases for increasing numbers of inputs, are confirmed for three classes of the integrate-and-fire model. In addition to the previously identified factors of axonal propagation times and synaptic jitter, we identify the variation in the spike-generating thresholds of the neurons and the variation in the number of active inputs as being important factors that determine the timing jitter in layered networks. Previously observed phase differences between optimally and suboptimally stimulated neurons may be understood in terms of the relative time taken to reach threshold.

Visual Evoked-Response Correlates of Speechreading Performance in Normal-Hearing Adults

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Samar ◽  
Donald G. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Visual Evoked Response ◽  
Latency Measure ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Evoked

The relationship between the latency of the negative peak occurring at approximately 130 msec in the visual evoked-response (VER) and speechreading scores was investigated. A significant product-moment correlation of -.58 was obtained between the two measures, which confirmed the fundamental effect but was significantly weaker than that previously reported in the literature (-.90). Principal components analysis of the visual evoked-response waveforms revealed a previously undiscovered early VER component, statistically independent of the latency measure, which in combination with two other components predicted speechreading with a multiple correlation coefficient of S4. The potential significance of this new component for the study of individual differences in speechreading ability is discussed.

RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

Filtering of Markov renewal queues, IV: Flow processes in feedback queues

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Queue Length ◽  
Queueing Systems ◽  
Arrival Process ◽  
Markov Renewal Process ◽  
Renewal Processes ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
The Times

This paper is a continuation of the study of a class of queueing systems where the queue-length process embedded at basic transition points, which consist of ‘arrivals’, ‘departures’ and ‘feedbacks’, is a Markov renewal process (MRP). The filtering procedure of Çinlar (1969) was used in [12] to show that the queue length process embedded separately at ‘arrivals’, ‘departures’, ‘feedbacks’, ‘inputs’ (arrivals and feedbacks), ‘outputs’ (departures and feedbacks) and ‘external’ transitions (arrivals and departures) are also MRP. In this paper expressions for the elements of each Markov renewal kernel are derived, and thence expressions for the distribution of the times between transitions, under stationary conditions, are found for each of the above flow processes. In particular, it is shown that the inter-event distributions for the arrival process and the departure process are the same, with an equivalent result holding for inputs and outputs. Further, expressions for the stationary joint distributions of successive intervals between events in each flow process are derived and interconnections, using the concept of reversed Markov renewal processes, are explored. Conditions under which any of the flow processes are renewal processes or, more particularly, Poisson processes are also investigated. Special cases including, in particular, the M/M/1/N and M/M/1 model with instantaneous Bernoulli feedback, are examined.

scholarly journals Autism Profiles of Males With Fragile X Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan W. Harris ◽  
David Hessl ◽  
Beth Goodlin-Jones ◽  
Jessica Ferranti ◽  
Susan Bacalman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Cgg Repeat ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Fmr1 Mrna ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Autism, which is common in individuals with fragile X syndrome, is often difficult to diagnose. We compared the diagnostic classifications of two measures for autism diagnosis, the ADOS and the ADI-R, in addition to the DSM-IV-TR in 63 males with this syndrome. Overall, 30% of the subjects met criteria for autistic disorder and 30% met criteria for PDD-NOS. The classifications on the ADOS and DSM-IV-TR were most similar, whereas the ADI-R classified subjects as autistic much more frequently. We further investigated the relationship of both FMRP and FMR1 mRNA to symptoms of autism in this cohort and found no significant relationship between the measures of autism and molecular features, including FMRP, FMR1 mRNA, and CGG repeat number.

Ethnic Identity, Procedural Justice, and Offending: Does Procedural Justice Work the Same for Everyone?

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1314-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle McLean
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship

Identity judgments are central to the theoretical arguments of procedural justice theory. Perceptions of procedural injustice have been argued to compromise an individual’s social identity and contribute to disengagement from group values and norms. Thus, it is important to clarify the relationship between perceptions of procedural justice and specific facets of social identities, such as ethnic identity. This study attempts to evaluate the relationship between these concepts by examining the potential interaction effect between procedural justice and ethnic identity on two measures of offending, self-report and number of arrests, in a longitudinal study of serious juvenile delinquents.

The Risk Tolerance Measure in the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances: New, But Is It Improved?

2021 ◽  
pp. JFCP-19-00022
Author(s):  
Kyoung Tae Kim ◽  
Sherman D. Hanna ◽  
Dongyue Ying
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Stock Ownership ◽  
Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) has included a 4-level risk tolerance measure since 1983. In 2016, the SCF also included an 11-level risk tolerance measure. We compare the two measures, and develop suggestions for using the new measure. While the new measure is seemingly simpler than the old measure, we demonstrate that it does not have a monotonic relationship with owning stock assets, with a pattern similar to the relationship of the old measure to stock ownership. We also identify complex patterns of factors related to different levels of the new measure, for instance education has a negative relationship at one level but positive at another level. Those using the new measure should consider the complex patterns we demonstrate.

Effects of Television on Metabolic Rate: Potential Implications For Childhood Obesity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Robert C. Klesges ◽  
Mary L. Shelton ◽  
Lisa M. Klesges
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resting Energy

The effects of television viewing on resting energy expenditure (metabolic rate) in obese and normal-weight children were studied in a laboratory setting. Subjects were 15 obese children and 16 normal-weight children whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. All subjects had two measures of resting energy expenditure obtained while at rest and one measurement of energy expenditure taken while viewing television. Results indicated that metabolic rate during television viewing was significantly lower (mean decrease of 211 kcal extrapolated to a day) than during rest. Obese children tended to have a larger decrease, although this difference was not statistically significant (262 kcal/d vs 167 kcal/d, respectively). It was concluded that television viewing has a fairly profound lowering effect of metabolic rate and may be a mechanism for the relationship between obesity and amount of television viewing.

Life satisfaction and its relationship with self-esteem among Najran University students: الرضا عن الحياة لدى طلاب جامعة نجران وعلاقته بتقدير الذات

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 168-155
Author(s):  
Najeh Mohammad Zawahreh Najeh Mohammad Zawahreh
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Life Satisfaction Scale

This study aimed to identifying the degree of life satisfaction, the level of self-esteem and the relationship between them among students of Najran University in KSA the study sample consisted of (639) students, of whom (319) were male and (320) female students. The researcher use previous literature to building two measures, the life satisfaction scale and the self-esteem scale. Validity and reliability of both tools were concluded. the results revealed that the degree of life satisfaction among Najran University students was high, and their level of self-esteem was high, and the results showed a strong, positive and significant correlation between the degree of satisfaction with Life and the level of self-esteem, and indicated that there were no differences in life satisfaction and self-esteem among Najran University students due to the gender variable, or type of college variable.The study recommended measuring students' life satisfaction and self-esteem periodically.

A Study of the Relationship between a Personal Philosophy of Human Nature (Good or Evil) and Self-Esteem

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Martin ◽  
Garland E. Blair ◽  
Robert M. Nevels ◽  
Mary M. Brant
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Personal Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

The present study was undertaken to estimate the relationship between a personal philosophy of human nature (whether man is essentially good or evil) and an individual's self-esteem, as measured by the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory and the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory. For 19 male and 21 female undergraduate students, correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were calculated. The multivariate analysis of variance indicated a nonsignificant relation between scores on philosophy of human nature of students and their scores on the two measures of self-esteem. Correlations of age and sex with self-esteem were also nonsignificant. The Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory scores and those on the Self-esteem scale of the Jackson Personality Inventory were significantly correlated at .59.

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