scholarly journals School-based obesity prevention interventions in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Rosemary Cosme Chavez ◽  
Eun Woo Nam
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
School Based ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
School Based Interventions

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of school-based interventions to prevent obesity conducted in Latin America and provide suggestions for future prevention efforts in countries of the region. METHODS: Articles published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese between 2000 and 2017 were searched in four online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, LILACS, and REDALYC). Inclusion criteria were: studies targeting school-aged children and adolescents (6–18 years old), focusing on preventing obesity in a Latin American country using at least one school-based component, reporting at least one obesity-related outcome, comprising controlled or before-and-after design, and including information on intervention components and/or process. RESULTS: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most effective interventions (n = 3) had moderate quality and included multi-component school-based programs to promote health education and parental involvement focused on healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. These studies also presented a better study designs, few limitations for execution, and a minimum duration of six months. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based prevention experiences are important guides for future strategies implemented in the region. Alongside gender differences, an adequate duration, and the combined use of quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods, evidence-based prevention should be considered to provide a clearer and deeper understanding of the true effects of school-based interventions.

scholarly journals Use of Guidelines for Reducing Stroke Risk in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Review From a Latin American Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cantú-Brito ◽  
Gisele Sampaio Silva ◽  
Sebastián F. Ameriso
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prominent risk factor for stroke and a leading cause of death and disability throughout Latin America. Contemporary evidence-based guidelines for the management of AF and stroke incorporate the use of practical and relatively simple scoring methods to estimate both stroke and bleeding risk, in order to assist in matching patients with appropriate interventions. This review examines consistencies and differences among guidelines for reducing stroke risk in patients with AF, assessing the role of user-friendly scoring methods to determine appropriate patients for anticoagulation and other treatment options. Current options include warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. These agents have been found to be superior or noninferior to standard vitamin K antagonist anticoagulation in large randomized trials. Potential benefits of these agents mainly include lower ischemic stroke rates, reduced intracranial bleeding, no need for regular monitoring, and fewer drug–drug and drug–food interactions. Expert opinions regarding clinical situations for which data are presently lacking, such as emergency bleeding and stroke in anticoagulated patients, are also provided. Enhanced attention and adherence to evidence-based guidelines are essential components for a strategy to reduce stroke morbidity and mortality across Latin America.

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Air Interventions in Seven Latin American Countries: Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
María Belén Rodríguez ◽  
Agustín Ciapponi ◽  
Federico Augustovski ◽  
Alcaraz Andrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Free Air ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Introduction Disease burden due to tobacco smoking in Latin America remains very high. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of implementing smoke-free air interventions on health and cost outcomes in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, using a mathematical model. Aims and Methods We built a probabilistic Monte Carlo microsimulation model, considering natural history, direct health system costs, and quality of life impairment associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes on an annual basis to obtain aggregated 10-year population health outcomes (deaths and events) and costs. To populate the model, we completed an overview and systematic review of the literature. Also, we calibrated the model comparing the predicted disease-specific mortality rates with those coming from local national statistics. Results With current policies, for the next 10 years, a total of 137 121 deaths and 917 210 events could be averted, adding 3.84 million years of healthy life and saving USD 9.2 billion in these seven countries. If countries fully implemented smoke-free air strategies, it would be possible to avert nearly 180 000 premature deaths and 1.2 million events, adding 5 million healthy years of life and saving USD 13.1 billion in direct healthcare. Conclusions Implementing the smoke-free air strategy would substantially reduce deaths, diseases, and health care costs attributed to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the full implementation of this strategy. Implications Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable and premature mortality cause in the world. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, supported by the World Health Organization, introduced a package of evidence-based measures for tobacco control. This study adds quality evidence on the potential health effects and savings of implementing smoke-free air policies in countries representing almost 80% of the Latin America and the Caribbean population.

scholarly journals Latin American Thyroid Society recommendations for the management of thyroid nodules

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalinda Camargo ◽  
Sandro Corigliano ◽  
Celso Friguglietti ◽  
Alicia Gauna ◽  
Rubén Harach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Group Meeting ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Latin American Countries

Several guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and cancer have recently been published. However, recommended practices are not always appropriate to different settings or countries. The aim of this consensus was to develop Clinical Guidelines for evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules applicable to Latin American countries. The panel was composed by 13 members of the Latin American Thyroid Society involved with research and management of thyroid nodules and cancer from different medical centers in Latin America. The consensus was produced based on the expert opinion of the panel with use of principles of evidence-based medicine. Following a group meeting, a first draft based on the expert opinion of the panel was elaborated and later circulated among panel members for further revision. After revision, this document was submitted to all LATS members for commentaries and considerations and finally revised and refined by the authors. The final recommendations represent state of the art on management of thyroid nodules applied to all Latin American countries.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions and effect differences by intervention components

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Han-Meng Xu ◽  
Li-Ming Wen ◽  
Yuan-Zhou Peng ◽  
Li-Zi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
School Based ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
School Based Interventions

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern. School-based interventions hold great promise to combat the rising trend of childhood obesity. This systematic review aimed to assess the overall effects of school-based obesity prevention interventions, and to investigate characteristics of intervention components that are potentially effective for preventing childhood obesity. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Embase databases to identify randomized- or cluster randomized- controlled trials of school-based obesity interventions published between 1990 and 2019. We conducted meta-analyses and subgroup analyses to determine the overall effects of obesity prevention programs and effect differences by various characteristics of intervention components on body mass index (BMI) or BMI Z-score of children. Results This systematic review included a total of 50 trials (reported by 56 publications). Significant differences were found between groups on BMI (− 0.14 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval: − 0.21, − 0.06)) and BMI Z-score (− 0.05 (− 0.10, − 0.01)) for single-component interventions; significant differences were also found between groups on BMI (− 0.32 (− 0.54, − 0.09) kg/m2) and BMI Z-score (− 0.07 (− 0.14, − 0.001)) for multi-component interventions. Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated that effects of single-component (physical activity) interventions including curricular sessions (− 0.30 (− 0.51, − 0.10) kg/m2 in BMI) were stronger than those without curricular sessions (− 0.04 (− 0.17, 0.09) kg/m2 in BMI); effects of single-component (physical activity) interventions were also strengthened if physical activity sessions emphasized participants’ enjoyment (− 0.19 (− 0.33, − 0.05) kg/m2 in BMI for those emphasizing participants’ enjoyment; − 0.004 (− 0.10, 0.09) kg/m2 in BMI for those not emphasizing participants’ enjoyment). The current body of evidence did not find specific characteristics of intervention components that were consistently associated with improved efficacy for multi-component interventions (P > 0.05). Conclusions School-based interventions are generally effective in reducing excessive weight gain of children. Our findings contribute to increased understandings of potentially effective intervention characteristics for single-component (physical activity) interventions. The impact of combined components on effectiveness of multi-component interventions should be the topic of further research. More high-quality studies are also needed to confirm findings of this review.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the implementation of obesity prevention interventions in early childcare and education settings using the RE-AIM framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Sanchez-Flack ◽  
Annie Herman ◽  
Joanna Buscemi ◽  
Angela Kong ◽  
Alexis Bains ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Real World ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Early Childcare

Abstract Previous systematic reviews have examined the efficacy of obesity prevention interventions within early childcare/education settings. Often lacking in these reviews is reporting on external validity, which continues to be underemphasized compared to internal validity. More attention to external validity would help better translate evidence-based interventions to real-world settings. This systematic review aimed to determine the availability of data on both internal and external validity across dimensions of the Reach, Efficacy/Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework in studies reporting on obesity prevention interventions in early childcare/education settings. Inclusion criteria included: randomized controlled trials, early childcare/education setting, targeted children 2–6 years old, addressed both diet and physical activity, collected measures of weight status and diet and/or physical activity, and published within the last 10 years. Searches were conducted in ERIC, PsychInfo, and PubMed; 23 studies met inclusion criteria. A validated RE-AIM abstraction tool was used to code studies. Most commonly reported dimensions were Reach (62.3%), Implementation (53.5%), and Efficacy/Effectiveness (48.7%). Adoption (21.7%) and Maintenance (11.6%) were less often reported. All studies reported on primary outcomes, but few reported on RE-AIM indicators of characteristics of participation and adoption, quality of life, methods used to identify staff, staff inclusion/exclusion criteria and adoption rates, implementation fidelity, measures of cost to start-up and deliver the intervention, and indicators of maintenance. This systematic review underscores the need for more focus on external validity to inform replication, dissemination, and implementation so that evidence-based early childcare/education obesity interventions can be generalized to real-world settings.

scholarly journals Implementation of evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention interventions: theoretical and practical implications of the concept of transferability for decision-making and the transfer process

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-543
Author(s):  
Tamara Schloemer ◽  
Freia De Bock ◽  
Peter Schröder-Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractEvidence-based health promotion and disease prevention require incorporating evidence of the effectiveness of interventions into policy and practice. With the entry into force of the German Act to Strengthen Health Promotion and Prevention (PrävG), interventions that take place in people’s everyday living environments have gained in importance. Decision-makers need to assess whether an evidence-based intervention is transferable to their specific target context. The Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) recommends that transferability of an intervention should be clarified before any decision to implement it. Furthermore, transferability needs to be finally determined after an evaluation in the target context. In this article, we elaborate on theoretical and practical implications of the concept of transferability for health promotion and disease prevention based on the Population–Intervention–Environment–Transfer Models of Transferability (PIET-T). We discuss how decision-makers can anticipate transferability prior to the intervention transfer with the help of transferability criteria and how they can take transferability into account in the further process. This includes the steps of the analysis of a health problem and identification of effective interventions, the steps of the initial transferability assessment and identification of the need for adaptation, and the steps of the implementation and evaluation. Considering transferability is a complex task that comes with challenges. But it offers opportunities to select a suitable intervention for a target context and, in the transfer process, to understand the conditions under which the intervention works in this context. This knowledge helps to establish an evidence base, which is practically relevant.

Challenging sustainability in school-based intervention in Nicaragua

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pettigrew ◽  
Robert Razzante ◽  
Joshua Allsup ◽  
Yu Lu ◽  
Colter D. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
School Directors ◽  
Sustainability Planning ◽  
School Based ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Latin American Countries

PurposeThe current study identifies successes and limitations of sustaining Dale se Real (DsR) as a school-based educational intervention program related to drugs and violence for 7th and 8th grade students in Nicaragua, Central America. As evidence-based interventions are transported and imported across national borders, issues surrounding their adaptation and sustainability become important targets for investigation.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with nine key informants (e.g. school directors, implementers) from seven institutions, four of which sustained DsR and three of which did not. This study explores DsR's fit with the institutions' missions and routines, program adaptability, broader community support and sustainability planning.FindingsFindings demonstrate two emerging views of sustainability within the Nicaraguan schools: a deficit approach and an empowerment approach. These two approaches imply different motivational structures for institutions and also led to the practical finding that developers and trainers need to provide structured or formal ways of empowering schools to continue implementing a program after staff no longer routinely contact them.Originality/valueThis study contributes a particular case on what facilitates and impedes sustainability of school-based interventions that can inform future intervention research in Latin American countries.

Has IFRS Improved Comparability Regarding Earnings Management in Latin America?

2015 ◽  
pp. 56-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Augusto Timm Rathke ◽  
Verônica de Fátima Santana
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Levels

The adoption of IFRS as a unique set of accounting standards is claimed to have the potential to enhance cross-border financial statements comparability, due to a reduction of information costs and information asymmetry. IFRS is a recent issue in Latin America and there is a lack of knowledge about its application in the region, with countries beginning to completely converge to international accounting standards around 2010. This chapter compares the level of earnings management in the first three Latin American IFRS adopters, Brazil, Chile and Peru, considering the periods before and after IFRS adoption. The results show that firms from each country evidence different levels of earnings management before IFRS adoption, and that those differences no longer remain after the adoption of IFRS. The results indicate that IFRS has made financial information more homogeneous and, therefore, enhanced information comparability in Latin America.

Parent Attendance in a Family-Based Preventive Intervention Delivered in Latin America and the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483991990076
Author(s):  
Lourdes M. Rojas ◽  
Lucas G. Ochoa ◽  
Marcelo Sánchez Ahumada ◽  
Ana Quevedo ◽  
Viviana Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Program Attendance

In Latin America, there is an increasing interest in the implementation and dissemination of evidence-based, family-centered interventions to prevent youth behavioral problems. While families’ participation in interventions is integral to achieving the interventions’ desired impact, little is known about what predicts Latin American families’ attendance. The current study provides a unique opportunity to explore the participation of families living in the United States, Ecuador, and Chile in an evidence-based intervention, Familias Unidas. We tested for differences in attendance rates, family functioning variables, and adolescent behavioral problem variables, then applied a hierarchical multiple regression to (a) identify which variables significantly predicted program attendance and (b) assess whether the country in which the intervention was implemented in moderated the relationship between predictors and program attendance. On average, Chilean and Ecuadorian parents were more engaged and attended more sessions than parents living in the United States. Across samples, there was significant differences in family functioning and adolescent behavioral problem variables. However, effective parent–adolescent communication was the only significant predictor of lower program attendance. A significant interaction effect revealed that even though Chilean parents had high parent–adolescent communication, they were more likely to attend sessions, compared to parents living in the United States. We highlight the promise of engaging and retaining families, across U.S. and Latin American samples, into a culturally syntonic, family-based intervention, and discuss potential explanations for success in Chile and Ecuador. Researchers interested in implementing interventions in Latin America could utilize these findings to better target participants and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals School-based Smoking Prevention in Adolescents in Developing Countries: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (F) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Titih Huriah ◽  
Vina Dwi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Peer Education ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
School Based ◽  
Prevention Interventions

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diseases due to tobacco consumption has increased, especially in developing countries, where around 90% of smokers start consuming tobacco before the age of 18 years. School-based smoking prevention programs can prevent smoking among adolescents. This program is often implemented in developing countries because it is considered cost-effective, and the results are promising. At present, the school-based smoking prevention program is expanding with many methods. AIM: This study aims to describe the various types of school-based smoking prevention interventions in developing countries. METHODS: This research applied a literature review approach with the process of collecting data through the Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCO, and NCBI databases. Search literature was by keyword “smoking AND prevention AND school-based AND adolescent AND randomized controlled trials or randomized controlled trials.” Inclusion criteria used for data collection were studies on school-based smoking prevention interventions, full text, and journal publishing from 2015 to 2019, using English. The research conducted in developing countries and prevention interventions was not only for smoking in the traditional way but also in the form of other than the consumption of tobacco such as cigars, smokeless tobacco, and hookah or shisha. Exclusion criteria in this review were publication articles not in the form of original publications such as letters to editors, only abstracts, and books. RESULTS: The literature search results found 594 journals with details of 99 Science direct journals, ProQuest 385 journals, NCBI 85 journals, and 25 EBSCO journals. The entire database belongs to the inclusion criteria and only seven articles meet the requirements. The results of the analysis revealed that interventions conducted in school-based smoking prevention programs for adolescents in developing countries included the application of the anti-smoking curriculum, behavior change intervention (BCI), and peer education. CONCLUSION: Interventions considered useful for preventing smoking in adolescents are the anti-smoking curriculum, BCI, and peer education.

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