Abstract 14675: Rising Prevalence of Obesity in the Us: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
michael palmer ◽  
Peter P Toth
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Us ◽  
Census 2000 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Introduction: Obesity is increasing globally. Obesity exacerbates risk for diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and ASCVD. We evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obese adults in the US during 2003-2018. HYPOTHESIS: The percentage of men and women overweight/obese is increasing continuously and may exceed the percentage with ‘normal’ weight. Methods: From 77007 participants in 8 NHANES surveys (between 2003-2004 and 2017-2018), we selected 39952 aged 20-79 years for this analysis. Participants with BMI data (n = 39440, 98.7%) were categorized as being underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 - <25), overweight (BMI 25 - <30), obese (BMI 30 - <40) or morbidly obese (BMI 40+). Results were extrapolated to the entire US population (50 states plus the District of Columbia) using the direct method to the US Census 2000 population. Statistical analyses were performed in the R language. Results: There are statistically significant mean increases in BMI (95% confidence interval and p-value) between successive surveys of 0.18 (0.11, 0.25, p<0.0001) for men and 0.24 (0.14, 0.33, p<0.0001) for women. There are clear trends in morbid obesity (BMI 40+) from 3% in the first survey to 7% among men in the last survey, and from 7% to 12% in women. Obesity/morbid obesity (BMI 30+) increased from 31% to 44% in men and from 34% to 43% in women. About 78% of adult men are either overweight, obese, or morbidly obese (BMI 25+) in the most recent survey, an increase from 71% in the first survey. Among women 70% are either overweight, obese, or morbidly obese, an increase from 63% in the first survey. Very few US adults (1-2%) are underweight (BMI<18.5). About one quarter of US adults have normal weight (BMI 18.5- 25). Conclusion: During the period 2003-2018, there has been a substantial rise among both US adult men and women in BMI who are overweight/obese. This necessitates invigorated public education about the clinical hazards posed and the need for lifestyle/dietary modification to stem this crisis.

Abstract 14788: African Americans and Hispanics Are Disproportionately Impacted by Obesity: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003-2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
michael K palmer ◽  
Peter P Toth
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Black Women ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hispanic Men

Introduction: There are numerous health disparities impacting African Americans and Hispanics compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the US leading to poorer clinical outcomes. Obesity is an important risk factor predisposing to cardiac and renal diseases and it is important to quantify differences in obesity in greater detail. Hypothesis: African Americans and Hispanics may be disproportionately and adversely impacted by obesity. Methods: From 77007 participants in 8 NHANES surveys (between 2003-2004 and 2017-2018), we included 39952 aged 20-79 years. Participants with BMI data (n = 39440, 98.7%) were categorized as being underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal (BMI 18.5 - <25), overweight (BMI 25 - <30), obese (BMI 30 - <40) or morbidly obese (BMI 40+). Results were extrapolated to the entire US population (50 states plus the District of Columbia) using the direct method to the US Census 2000 population. The R language was used to perform statistical analyses. Results: Morbid obesity is as more common in black women (16%) compared with white or Hispanic women (both 8%). Black women are more overweight, obese, or morbidly obese compared with black men (80% vs 71%). Black men (7%) have a higher prevalence of morbid obesity compared to white (5%), Hispanic (5%), or “other” (race other than Hispanic, black, Asian, or white) racial/ethnic groups (4%). Hispanic men (80%) and African American women (80%) have the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity/morbid obesity. Normal weight is more common among race/ethnicity ‘other’ in both men and women. White women have a higher prevalence of normal weight compared to white men (34% vs 25%). Conclusion: There are important differences in the prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity between racial and ethnic groups in US adults. More emphasis needs to be placed on preventing/treating morbid obesity, particularly in Hispanic men and African American women, to reduce CV risk and correct disparities in health outcomes.

scholarly journals Age and gender based prevalence of obesity in residents of Punjab, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satinderjit Singh ◽  
Ravjit Kaur Sabharwal ◽  
Jagminder Kaur Bajaj ◽  
Indira R. Samal ◽  
Megha Sood
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Background: Obesity is recognized as a chronic disease, associated with a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological complications. Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, more so in the developing countries. It is affecting both sexes and all age groups. Body mass index BMI along with presence and severity of obesity associated complications are used to identify, successively increasing stages of obesity. The present study aims to study prevalence of overweight, obesity (stage 0,1,2) and morbid obesity in adult residents of Punjab state in an effort to determine burden of this lifestyle disorder in different age groups and sexes, so that a comprehensive action plan can be designed to target appropriate group with specific preventive measures .Methods: 1000 subjects were surveyed and labelled as non-obese, overweight, obese or morbid obese based on their BMI, presence and severity of obesity related complications. Point prevalence amongst different age groups of both sexes were determined and compared.Results: In study population 41.5% subjects were non-obese, 15.9% were overweight, 29.4% were obese and 13.2% were morbidly obese. The prevalence of all the 3 conditions (overweight, obesity and morbid obesity) increased with increasing age in both sexes. The prevalence was more among females of all age groups than males for ‘overweight’ and ‘obesity’. But gender based difference narrowed down with increasing severity of disease, such that female to male ratio reversed (<1) for morbid obesity. Moreover, peak prevalence of overweight and obesity were attained little later in females as compared to males. However, for morbid obesity peak prevalence is seen in same age group (40-49 years) in both sexes.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are more prevalent among females of all age groups than males with peak prevalence achieved little later in females as compared to males. However, gender based differences in prevalence decreased as severity increased and morbid obesity was more prevalent among males than females.

scholarly journals Obesity trends in populations of the Russian Federation and the United States of America. Thirty-year long dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Vilkov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
A. D. Deev ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
S. E. Efstifeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Obesity Trends ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

Aim. To evaluate the dynamics of obesity and mean body mass index (BMI) in Russia and USA in various age and gender categories during 1975-2014.Material and methods. By a repeat analysis of one-moment studies of Russian and US population in 1975-1982 and 2007-2014, the values of obesity and BMI were assessed in men and women age 25-64 y. o. Into analysis, the data was included from Russian part of the Lipid Clinics study and multicenter ESSE-RF study (Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in various regions of Russian Federation). American data acquired from the studies NHANES (National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey), open access. Total number of observations 48974.Results. In the 80s of XX century in all age groups of women the mean BMI levels were lower in USA comparing to Russia, in men there were no significant differences. For the following 30 years in Russia the situation improved for men and women <45 y. o. — differences with USA changed modality, and currently BMI in Russia is lower than in USA.Conclusion. Russia was below the US 30 years ago by the mean BMI in females of all ages, with no differences for males. For the following 30 years in the US there was significant increase of BMI in all age strata of men and women, and in Russia dynamics was the same, but lesser. Comparison of the prevalence of obesity in men 30 years ago showed some predominance of obesity in American males, especially young, but not statistically significant. Russian women had higher prevalence of obesity regardless of age. Currently, obesity in young age is more prevalent in men and women of USA, and >45 years old — in Russia.

scholarly journals Does Body Mass Index Affect Mortality in Coronary Surgery?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristotle D. Protopapas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Coronary Surgery ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Underweight Patients

Introduction: The Body Mass Index (BMI) quantifies nutritional status and classifies humans as underweight, of normal weight, overweight, mildly obese, moderately obese or morbidly obese. Obesity is the excessive accumulation of fat, defined as BMI higher than 30 kg/m2. Obesity is widely accepted to complicate anaesthesia and surgery, being a risk factor for mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought the evidence on operative mortality of CABG between standard BMI groups. Materials and Methodology: A simple literature review of papers presenting the mortality of CABG by BMI group: Underweight (BMI ≤ 18.49 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), mild obesity (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), moderate obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), or morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2). Results: We identified 18 relevant studies with 1,027,711 patients in total. Their variability in size of samples and choice of BMI groups precluded us from attempting inferential statistics. The overall cumulative mortality was 2.7%. Underweight patients had by far the highest mortality (6.6%). Overweight patients had the lowest group mortality (2.1%). The group mortality for morbidly obese patients was 3.44%. Discussion: Patients with extreme BMI’s undergoing CABG (underweight ones more than morbidly obese) suffer increased crude mortality. This simple observation indicates that under nutrition and morbid obesity need be further explored as risk factors for coronary surgery.

Plasma methionine and cysteine kinetics in response to an intravenous glutathione infusion in adult humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E209-E214 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Fukagawa ◽  
A. M. Ajami ◽  
V. R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Carboxyl Carbon

Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine), is thought to be both a storage and a transport form of cysteine (Cys). In a previous study (T. Hiramatsu, N.K. Fukagawa, J.S. Marchini, J. Cortiella, Y.-M. Yu, T.E. Chapman, and V.R. Young. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60: 525-533, 1994), the direct tracer-derived estimate of Cys flux was considerably higher than that predicted from estimates of protein turnover. To further examine the components of plasma Cys flux, seven normal-weight healthy adult men and women (26 +/- 2 yr) received stable isotope tracer infusions of L-[methyl-2H3;1-13C]methionine, L-[3,3-2H2]cysteine, and L-[methyl-2H3]leucine for 460 min. After a 3-h baseline period, GSH was administered at approximately 32 mumol.kg-1.h-1 until the end of the study. Expired breath and blood samples were obtained at timed intervals and analyzed for isotope enrichment using mass spectrometry. Leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproate, and methionine (carboxyl carbon, methyl moiety, remethylation, and transsulfuration) turnover were reduced during GSH administration (P < 0.01). In the final hour of GSH administration, Cys flux increased by 61% from 55.1 +/- 1.7 to 88.7 +/- 5.2 mumol.kg-1.h-1 (P < 0.01), which was essentially equivalent to the rate of exogenous GSH infusion. These data suggest that GSH breakdown accounts for approximately 50% of tracer-derived Cys flux basally and for all of the increase in measured Cys turnover during exogenous GSH infusion.

scholarly journals The Impact of Morbid Obesity on the Health Outcomes of Hospital Inpatients: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4382
Author(s):  
Kellie Fusco ◽  
Campbell Thompson ◽  
Richard Woodman ◽  
Chris Horwood ◽  
Paul Hakendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
P Value ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
The Impact

Morbid obesity poses a significant burden on the health-care system. This study determined whether morbid obesity leads to worse health-outcomes in hospitalised patients. This retrospective-study examined nutritional data of all inpatients aged 18–79 years, with a body-mass-index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 admitted over a period of 4 years at two major hospitals in Australia. Patients were divided into 3 groups for comparison: normal/overweight (BMI 18.5–29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30–39.9 kg/m2) and morbidly-obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). Outcome measures included length-of-hospital-stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmissions. Multilevel-mixed-effects regression was used to compare clinical outcomes between the groups after adjustment for potential confounders. Of 16,579 patients, 1004 (6.1%) were classified as morbidly-obese. Morbidly-obese patients had a significantly longer median (IQR) LOS than normal/overweight patients (5 (2, 12) vs. 5 (2, 11) days, p value = 0.012) and obese-patients (5 (2, 12) vs. 5 (2, 10) days, p value = 0.036). After adjusted-analysis, morbidly-obese patients had a higher incidence of a longer LOS than normal/overweight patients (IRR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.07; p value < 0.001) and obese-patients (IRR 1.13; 95% CI 1.11–1.16; p value < 0.001). Other clinical outcomes were similar between the different groups. Morbid obesity leads to a longer LOS in hospitalised patients but does not adversely affect other clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Short- and medium-term impact of bariatric surgery on the activities of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2 in morbid obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Rodríguez-Morató ◽  
Albert Goday ◽  
Klaus Langohr ◽  
Mitona Pujadas ◽  
Ester Civit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Cyp3a4 Activity ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMorbid obesity and bariatric surgery induce anatomical, physiological and metabolic alterations that may alter the body’s disposition of drugs. Current literature on this topic is limited and sometimes inconsistent. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a superfamily of enzymes that metabolize around 75% of all marketed drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of body mass index and bariatric surgery on CYP activities. Firstly, we evaluated the in vivo activity of 4 major CYP isoenzymes (CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2) in normal weight, overweight, and morbidly obese individuals. Secondly, we assessed the short- (1 month) and medium-term (6 month) effects of the most commonly employed bariatric surgery techniques (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) on the activity of these enzymes. CYP3A4 activity was lower in morbidly obese individuals, compared to normal-weight controls. Interestingly, bariatric surgery normalized CYP3A4 activity. In comparison with normal-weight controls, morbidly obese individuals had higher CYP2D6 activity, which was only observed in individuals with two functional alleles for this isoenzyme. Neither body mass index nor surgery had significant effects on CYP2C9 and CYP1A2 activities. Overall, no relevant differences in CYP activities were found between surgical techniques. In conclusion, further studies should evaluate whether the observed alterations in CYP3A4 activity will require dose adjustments for CYP3A4 substrates especially in morbidly obese individuals before and after bariatric surgery.

The effect of BMI on systemic toxicity in AML patients receiving chemotherapy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7108-7108
Author(s):  
Manish J. Dave ◽  
Mansoor Burhani ◽  
Parameswaran Venugopal ◽  
Melissa L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Systemic Toxicity ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Platelet Transfusions

7108 Background: There are about 15,000 new cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) every year in the US, and about 9,000 will die annually from this disease. Because approximately 69.2% of adults in the US are overweight or obese, it is important to examine whether body mass index (BMI) can affect treatment outcomes. While there has been a study of survival based on BMI, there have been no studies to examine the effect of BMI on systemic toxicity with induction chemotherapy. Methods: 91 patients with AML were treated with a high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone regimen from 2008-2012. Prior to receiving induction chemotherapy, each patient’s BMI was recorded. All patients in this study were treated with doses based on actual weight. Two doses of cytarabine 3 gm/m2 were given 12 hours apart followed by one dose of mitoxantrone 30 mg/m2on days 1 and 5. The lowest platelet and hemoglobin after each induction treatment was recorded, along with the number of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusions. Systemic toxicity was further examined by presence of infection and/or bleeding. Results: The BMI groups are based on the World Health Organization classifications. Of the 91 AML patients in this study, 2 were underweight, 35 were normal weight, 29 were overweight, 16 were obese, and 9 were morbidly obese. The mean number of platelet transfusions for the underweight group was 8.5, 10.6 for normal weight, 13.8 for overweight, 12.1 for obese, and 5.0 for the morbidly obese group. The mean number of RBC transfusions for the underweight group was 6.0, 9.1 for normal weight, 11.2 for overweight, 9.1 for obese, and 9.2 for the morbidly obese group. The rates of infection by positive cultures were the following: 51% of normal, 58% of overweight, and 68% of obese patients. Rates of infection by imaging were 37% of normal, 31% of overweight, and 26% of morbidly obese patients. The percentage of patients bleeding after induction was 20% in the normal weight group, 31% for overweight, 12.5% of obese, and 33% of morbidly obese patients. Conclusions: The results of this study show that there is no difference in toxicity amongst the different BMI groups. The data demonstrates the importance of dosing chemotherapy on actual, rather than ideal, body weight.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Libyan Men and Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lemamsha ◽  
G. Randhawa ◽  
C. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Libya is following the trend observed in developing countries of steadily becoming more obese, such that obesity in Libya has reached epidemic proportions in the twenty-first century. The prevalence of obesity in Libya has more than doubled in the last three decades, with the numbers of overweight and obese adults being continuing to grow. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyan men and women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Libyan population. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 401 Libyan adults randomly from the Benghazi electoral register. Qualified nurses were allocated to take anthropometric measurements (including visceral fat and Body Mass Index (BMI)) from participants using the Segmental Body Composition Analyser and a portable Stadiometer. The response rate achieved in this cross-sectional study was 78%. Four hundred and one Libyan adult, aged 20-65 years, participated; 253 were female (63%). The prevalence of obesity, overweight, and normal weight among Libyan adults was 42.4%, 32.9%, and 24.7%, respectively. The results also revealed that approximately 75.3% of Libyan adults were overweight and obese, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women was significantly higher than that in men (the prevalence of overweight was 33.2% in women compared to 32.4% in men, while the prevalence of obesity was 47.4% in women compared to 33.8% in men, respectively). The findings of this study confirmed that obesity and overweight are the fastest growing issues and have become one of the most serious public health challenges confronting the Libyan authorities. As the obesity epidemic in Libya continues to escalate, with a complete absence of prevention interventions to reduce obesity, more research is desperately needed to follow the trend of gender difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Libyans adults across the Libyan state to improve the effective interventions for preventing obesity.

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