Abstract WP325: X, but Not Y, Sex Chromosome Contributes to Stroke Sensitivity in Aged Mice

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Qi ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Romana Sharmeen ◽  
Conelius Ngwa ◽  
Louise D. McCullough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Core Genotype

Introduction: Stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. Women are protected against ischemia compared to men before menopause due to estrogen’s neuroprotection; after menopause the elderly women become vulnerable to stroke attack. Our previous studies with four core genotype mice found a chromosomal effect (either X or Y) in stroke sensitivity. Recently, we found two X-linked genes ( Kdm6a and Kdm5c ) that escape from X chromosome inactivation (XCI) are higher expressed in aged female vs. male microglia after stroke. KDM6A and KDM5C are histone demethylases that modify gene expression of inflammatory mediators. By these early studies, we hypothesized that the second X chromosome contributes to stroke sensitivity in aged mice through immune responses mediated by KDM6A and KDM5C. Methods: XY* aged (18-22 months) mice (natural menopause cohort) that have four genotypes (XO, XX, XY, XXY) were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Another cohort of gonadectomized XY* mice were also used as the “surgical menopause” cohort. Infarct volumes and behavior deficits were quantified 3 days after MCAO. KDM6A and KDM5C localization with microglial marker TMEM119 was examined by IHC. Plasma inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, TL-10, etc.) levels were analyzed with MultiPlex. The contribution of the second X-chromosome to stroke sensitivity was determined by comparing XX vs. XO or XXY vs. XY mice, and the effect of the Y-chromosome was evaluated by a comparison between XY vs. XO and XXY vs. XX mice. Results: In both surgical and natural menopause cohorts, XX and XXY mice showed worse stroke outcomes compared to XO or XY mice respectively; however, no significant difference was found between XX vs. XXY or XO vs. XY mice. IHC results showed higher expression of KDM6A and KDM5C in TMEM119 positive cells in mice with two vs. one copy of X chromosome. XXY mice had significantly higher levels of circulating TNF-α and IL-6 than XY mice. Conclusion: The second X chromosome contributes to stroke sensitivity in mice. Kdm6a and Kdm5c may play important roles in mediating post-stroke inflammation. Future work will genetically manipulate the expression of Kdm6a and Kdm5c in microglia to examine the roles of the two XCI escapee gene in stroke.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Hope Therapy on Improving the Elderly Quality of Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Zareei Mahmoodabadi ◽  
Mansoreh Nourian ◽  
Seyed Reza Reza Javadian ◽  
Elahe Fallah Tafti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Hope Therapy ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Elderly is an era of life, which affects quality of life; aging changes the thinking ways and reduces the self-confidence. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hope therapy on the elderly quality of life in Mehriz, Yazd in 2016 - 2017. Methods: In this controlled study with pre-test post-test design, the study population consisted of all elderly people who referred to daily care centers of Mehriz. The sample consisted of 24 elderly women in the daily care centers, who were divided into two groups of experimental (n = 12) and awaiting (n = 12).Hope therapy was provided in eight sessions for the experimental group. The instrument used in this research was Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly. Results: The MANOVA results showed a significant difference between the experimental and awaiting groups. In the experimental group, physical function, depression, anxiety, mental performance, and life satisfaction improved, but education did not affect the sex dimension. Hope therapy, was effective on improving the elderly quality of life. Conclusion: The studied training can be used as an effective treatment to improve the elderly quality of life.

scholarly journals PROPENSITY FOR FALLS IN ELDERLY FEMALE AND MALE PRACTITIONERS AND NON- PRACTITIONERS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Élcio Alves Guimarães ◽  
Cristina de Matos Boaventura ◽  
Maria Paula Pereira Andrade ◽  
Nayara Ribeiro Graciano ◽  
Bárbara Vilela Franco Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Fall

Background: Aging being a natural physiological process can present both physical and psychic changes, due to the conditions of life of the person, and can be influencers for the installation of chronic non-communicable diseases, which may predispose this subject to an episode of fall. Objectives: To compare the propensity to fall in the elderly male and female, practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activities. Methods: The sample consisted of 120 elderly people of both genders practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity and were used the “Timed Up and Go” and “Functional Reach” tests. Results: Among non-practitioners of physical activity, significant differences were observed between the values of functionality, being that the male group presented higher values than the female group, i.e., men move more, therefore has the lowest risk of fall. Conclusion: It was concluded that the female practitioners of physical activity have a greater risk of suffering an episode of fall compared to the non-practitioners, and in relation to the men practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity there was no significant difference, showing that the elderly women have a higher risk to fall compared to the elderly men.

scholarly journals Aging as a Risk Factor on the Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α Cytokines in Chronic Apical Periodontitis Lesions

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Quésia Euclides Teixeira ◽  
Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Marques Paes da Silva ◽  
Lucio Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Fabio Ramoa Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Persistent inflammatory responses in the elderly may act as modifiers on the progression and repair of chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs). While the involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflammatory responses and, particularly, in CAPL has been documented, their expression in elderly patients needs to be further characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CAPL from elderly individuals with young/middle-aged individuals. Thirty CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granulomas) from elderly patients (>60 years) and 30 CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granuloma) from young/middle-aged individuals (20–56 years) were selected. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed against IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The slides were subdivided into five high-magnification fields and analyzed. The number of positive stains was evaluated for each antibody. There was no significant difference between the cytokines when the cysts and granuloma were compared in the two groups. In the young/middle-aged, only IL-1β showed a difference and was significantly higher in granulomas (p = 0.019). CAPL pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the elderly were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged individuals (p < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CAPL in the elderly compared with the young/middle-aged group. Further elaborate research studies/analyses to elucidate the reasons for and consequences of inflammation in the elderly are recommended.

scholarly journals YY males of the dioecious plant Mercurialis annua are fully viable but produce largely infertile pollen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinji Li ◽  
Paris Veltsos ◽  
Guillaume Cossard ◽  
Jörn Gerchen ◽  
John R. Pannell
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Sex Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Mercurialis Annua

SummaryThe suppression of recombination during sex-chromosome evolution is thought to be favoured by linkage between the sex-determining locus and sexually-antagonistic loci, and leads to the degeneration of the chromosome restricted to the heterogametic sex. Despite substantial evidence for genetic degeneration at the sequence level, the phenotypic effects of the earliest stages of sex-chromosome evolution are poorly known. Here, we compare the morphology, viability and fertility between XY and YY individuals produced by crossing seed-producing males in the dioecious plant Mercurialis annua L., which has young sex chromosomes with limited X-Y sequence divergence. We found no significant difference in viability or vegetative morphology between XY and YY males. However, electron microscopy revealed clear differences in pollen anatomy, and YY males were significantly poorer sires in competition with their XY counterparts. Our study suggests either that the X chromosome is required for full male fertility in M. annua, or that male fertility is sensitive to the dosage of relevant Y-linked genes. We discuss the possibility that the maintenance of male-fertility genes on the X chromosome might have been favoured in recent population expansions, which selected for the ability of females to produce pollen in the absence of males.

Validation of a Novel Clonality Assay in Patients with Clonal Hematologic Disorders

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3718-3718
Author(s):  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Sabina Swierczek ◽  
Roberto Nussenzveig ◽  
Scott James Samuelson ◽  
Charles J. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Jak2 V617f ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematologic Disorders ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Clonal Hematopoiesis

Abstract Clonality assays, based on X-chromosome inactivation, discriminate active from inactive alleles. They are useful in the diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic response in clonal hematologic disorders, especially in absence of an identifiable somatic mutations. Skewing of X-chromosome allelic-usage, based on preferential methylation of one of the HUMARA alleles, was reported as evidence of clonal hematopoiesis in ~30% elderly women, precluding the use of this assay in elderly patient (>65 years of age). Using a quantitative, transcriptionally-based clonality assay, we did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in >200 healthy non-elderly women. In view of the susceptibility of aging hematopoietic stem cells to epigenetic dysregulation, we reinvestigated the issue of clonality in forty elderly women (age 65–92, mean 81.3 years), using a novel, quantitative qPCR transcriptional clonality assay. In this assay, mRNA transcribed from five X-chromosome polymorphic genes expressed in peripheral blood neutrophils is quantified by real time, allele specific RT-PCR. We did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in any of the elderly women. However, using HUMARA assay, 30% of these elderly women were detected to have monoallelic methylation of the HUMARA gene locus, consistent with previously reported literature. We concluded that our novel transcriptional clonality assay is suitable for evaluation of clonal hematopoiesis in all women including elderly women (Swierczek S, Agarwal N et al. Blood 2008, July 18 epub). Using this novel assay, we detected clonal hematopoiesis in 31 out of 32 well characterized patients with myeloproliferative disorders: polycythemia vera (all fourteen patients were clonal by our assay and all were JAK2V617F positive), essential thrombocytosis (nine out of ten patients were clonal by our assay, one out of ten patients was cMPLW515L positive, seven out of ten were JAK2 V617F positive; however one subject with low JAK2 V617F allelic burden was polyclonal by our assay), and primary myelofibrosis (all eight patients were clonal by our assay and two of them were positive for JAK2V617F). In addition, we detected clonal hematopoiesis in 4 patients with unexplained anemia (two eventually evolved in to myelodysplastic syndrome), and in one patient with persistent leukocytosis (eventually found to be cMPLW515L positive). Using our assay we did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in 10 patients with reactive or secondary erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis or leukocytosis. We conclude that our novel transcriptional clonality assay is suitable for detection of clonal hematopoiesis in patients with clonal hematologic disorders, especially in patients lacking known somatic mutation. Studies to detect an emerging clone in milieu of polyclonal hematopoiesis (such as seen in PNH or early stages of clonal hematological disorders) by comparison of X-chromosome allelic usage ratio in myeloid cells and in T lymphocytes are underway.

scholarly journals Resistance Exercise Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy Was Associated with Reduction of Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishiko Ogawa ◽  
Kiyoshi Sanada ◽  
Shuichi Machida ◽  
Mitsuharu Okutsu ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Circulating Levels

Aging is associated with low-grade inflammation. The benefits of regular exercise for the elderly are well established, whereas less is known about the impact of low-intensity resistance exercise on low-grade inflammation in the elderly. Twenty-one elderly women (mean age ± SD, 85.0 ± 4.5 years) participated in 12 weeks of resistance exercise training. Muscle thickness and circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), heat shock protein (HSP)70, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured before and after the exercise training. Training reduced the circulating levels of CRP, SAA (P<.05), HSP70, IGF-I, and insulin (P<.01). The training-induced reductions in CRP and TNF-α were significantly (P<.01,P<.05) associated with increased muscle thickness (r=−0.61,r=−0.54), respectively. None of the results were significant after applying a Bonferroni correction. Resistance training may assist in maintaining or improving muscle volume and reducing low-grade inflammation.

scholarly journals Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Hyung Gyu Jeon ◽  
Gyuri Kim ◽  
Hee Seong Jeong ◽  
Wi-Young So
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Database ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Customized Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Using Data

Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smoking and physical fitness, they only considered current smoking status and the same fitness measurements regardless of age. This study investigated differences in physical fitness based on tobacco smoking habits. A total of 2830 non-elderly adults (NEA; 19–64 years) and 629 elderly (65–89 years) participated in the study, using data extracted from a Korean national database. One-way ANCOVA and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. The subjects were classified into three groups (smokers, those who had quit, and never-smokers). In NEA men, a significant difference was observed in 50-m dash (p = 0.003) and 20-m shuttle-run (p < 0.001), while in elderly men differences were only seen in sit-ups (p = 0.015). In the case of NEA and elderly women, no significant differences were observed in physical fitness levels (p > 0.05). The decreased fitness level due to smoking was more noticeable in men than in women, and in NEA more than in elderly persons. A non-smoking policy and customized training based on age or gender are necessary to increase fitness and improve health conditions.

scholarly journals Investigating Speech Tempo, Speaking Rate, and the Related Factors in the Iranian Elderly Women Talking with Tehrani and Semnani Accents

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mokhlesin ◽  
Mehran Choubineh ◽  
Alireza Ghasemi ◽  
Zahra Ahmadizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Kasbi
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Convenience Sampling

Background: Some variables, such as age, gender, regional and dialectical differences influence speech tempo. Men and younger individuals speak faster than women and the elderly. Therefore, these variations should be considered when assessing speaking rate. Objectives: Since different accents influence speaking rates and there is no previous study investigated speech tempo with respect to regional and accent differences in Iran, and given that the elderly are more prone to problems influencing speaking rate, the present study was done to compare speech tempo and speaking rate in two different accents, namely Tehrani and Semnani, and to investigate some related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 elderly women selected via convenience sampling method. Speech tempo, speaking rate, verbal fluency, and cognition scores were compared using an independent-samples t-test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was used to assess correlations between speaking rate and level of education, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and verbal fluency scores. Results: No significant difference was found in speech tempo between the studied accents (P = 0.13). Speaking rate was significantly slower in the Tehrani accent than the Semnani one (P = 0.04). The Tehrani elderly obtained significantly less scores in verbal fluency and MoCA ((P ≤ 0.001) and (P = 0.04), respectively. In both groups, speaking rate had a significant correlation with verbal fluency and MoCA scores but not with level of education. Conclusions: Although, our results showed no difference in speech tempo between the studied accents, the Tehrani elderly unexpectedly spoke more slowly meaning that they paused more while speaking. There was a relationship between faster speaking, better verbal fluency, and cognitive performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Therapy and Jogging Exercises on the Health-Related Factors Physical Fitness of Elderly Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Taheri ◽  
Shakiba Farzian ◽  
Atefeh Esmaeili ◽  
Ebrahim Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Therapy

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the effects of a course of water therapy and jogging on factors related to the physical fitness of elderly women. Methods: Semi experimental study was performed by pretest-posttest design in which elderly women over 60 (64.3 ± 2.5 years old) were randomly divided into 3 groups of water therapy exercises, jogging group (JG) and control group (CG). Factors related to physical fitness (lower limb muscle strength test, static balance, dynamic balance and physical flexibility) before and after interventional exercises. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were applied to analyze the data. Results: It was shown that both water therapy exercises and jogging had a significant effect on static (P = 0.03), dynamic (P = 0.04), lower limb strength [P = 0.03 and (P = 0.01) for WTE and JG, respectively] and physical flexibility scores (P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in all research variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The use of water therapy and jogging exercises leads to improved static and dynamic balance, muscular strength of the lower extremities. Since improving the motor performance variables has a significant effect on preventing the falling of the elderly, it is recommended to use these exercises for the elderly.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA PRIA DAN WANITA PADA LANSIA YANG MENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Nur Ainiyah ◽  
Iis Noventi ◽  
Chilyatiz Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Elderly is the final stage of the human life cycle. The process of aging is a process that shows a decline in human physical function, emotional changes, as well as social interactions that will  change gradually. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that occurs chronically due to interference with insulin and has various complications for sufferers, both acute and chronic. Decreased physical, unstable emotional, interaction of social abilities decrease, anda also  metabolic disorders and its complications make the elderly had depression which is manifested in the quality of sleep of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the incidence of depression in men and women in the elderly who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The method in this research was comparative. The population of this study were all elderly in Region X as many as 60 elderly consisting of 27 elderly men and 33 elderly women. The sample in this study was a research of 60 members, using total sampling / depression data collection was done by giving a questionnaire based on the Beck depression scale. Data analysis used elderly depression scores in men and elderly women collected from the results of data collection will be measured the difference with a two-mean difference test (T-test). The results showed the mean depression score for men = 1.59 and the standard deviation = 1.575 and the mean depression score for women = 3.54 the standard deviation was 1.96, the level of significance (p = 0.001; p <0.05). Its shows a significant difference between depression in elderly men and women who suffer from DM. Therefore, it is expected that all members of the elderly family as one of the support systems for the elderly can provide support so that the elderly do not experience depression.

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