scholarly journals Germination and Seedling Growth Response of Sprouts and Leafy Vegetables after Applying Oxygen Nanobubble Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-617
Author(s):  
Seo Youn Lee ◽  
Seo Hee Jung ◽  
Ah Ram Cho ◽  
Myung Syun Shim ◽  
You Kyung Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Pak Choi

Background and objective: The nanobubbles remain stable in water, and it increased dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water that promotes the seed germination and the plant growth. We evaluated the seed germination and growth of sprouts (radish, wheat, and barley) and leafy vegetables (red mustard and pak choi) when irrigated with various DO of nanobubble water (NB).Methods: The oxygen NB was generated by surface friction and treated in 4 levels: NB 0% (control, DO 9.21 mg·L-1), NB 20% (DO 15.40 mg·L-1), NB 33% (DO 20.93 mg·L-1), and NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L-1).Results: The root length of radish and wheat increased more in NB 33% than the control plot. The fresh weight increased in NB 33% compared to the control plot in radish and wheat, and both fresh and dry weight increased more in NB 20%, NB 33%, and NB 100% than the control plot of barley. The leaf length and width of red mustard decreased more in NB 33% and NB 100% than the control plot and NB 20%, which indicated the leaf compactness. The fresh and dry weight of shoot and root increased more in NB 100% than the control plot in red mustard. In pak choi, the shoot fresh weight increased more in NB 100% than the control plot. In leafy vegetables, the germination rate of red mustard in NB 100% was higher than the control plot, however, it was not significantly different between oxygen NB plots in sprout vegetables.Conclusion: The results showed that the root growth and biomass increased after applying NB 33% in sprout vegetables. The leaf growth properties as the number of leaves and leaf size were not significantly different or decreased in NB treatments compared to control plots, but NB 100% (DO 39.29 mg·L-1) effectively increased the root growth and plant biomass in leafy vegetables.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity and external proline on seed germination and early growth of Cucumis sativus cv. super ps

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
FARIBA AMINI ◽  
MEHRY ASKARY ◽  
FAHIMEH MOHTASHAMI ◽  
FAHIMEH MOHTASHAMI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Fresh Weight

Amini F, Askary M, Mohtashami F. 2018. Effects of salinity and external proline on seed germination and early growth of Cucumis sativus cv. super ps. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 215-220. Salinity is one of the important abiotic stresses that has an adverse effect on plant productions. High salt concentrations had negative effects on plant processes such as seed germination, seedling growth and turgescent, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting stages. Proline as a compatible solution plays an important role in defense mechanisms of cellular stress. This study was done to evaluate effects of proline pretreatment (0 and 20 mM) in terms of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on cucumber cv. super ps. The obtained results proved that salinity treatments had significant effects on seed germination rate. On the contrary, application of proline had no significant effect on germination percentages of control and salt-stressed seeds. The root fresh weight and length of plant reduced with salinity increment while proline treatment had positive significant effects on the root dry as well as the fresh weight. Although, no significant variation was found in the root length and dry weight of cultivars treated with proline under salinity stresses. Meanwhile, the shoot length and dry weight of plants declined after salt-stressed treatments. While this condition increased the fresh weight of shoot. Proline treatments increased all of observed parameters but there were no significant variation found in the root length or dry weight of plants treated under saline stresses. The total soluble carbohydrate of plants had positive significant correlation with salt concentration, but the application of proline declined carbohydrate amounts in both salt-stressed and non-stressed plant. Salinity stress increased sodium, proline, protein contents and CAT enzyme, GPOX as well as MDA concentrations, while in the proline-treated plants salinity stresses had no significant effect on CAT, GPOX, MDA concentrations and internal proline amount.

scholarly journals Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Compost Maturity Influence on Weed Seed Germination

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 577e-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
Peter Stoffella ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Thomas A. Obreza
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Compost Maturity ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

The influence of compost (derived from MSW and biosolids) maturity on seed germination of several weed species was evaluated. A bioassay was developed by extracting 20 g of compost of different maturities with various volumes of water, then measuring germination percentage of ivyleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) seeds placed on extract-saturated filter paper in a petri dish. A 20 g (dry weight) compost: 50 mL of water generated an extract that produced the widest percentage seed germination variation in response to composts of different maturity. Ivyleaf morningglory, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.), purslane (Potulaca oleracea L.), and corn (Zea mays L) were selected as plant indicators to determine the compost maturity stage with maximum germination inhibition. Compost 8-week-old decreased percent germination, root growth, and germination index (combines germination rate and root growth), and increased mean days to germination (MDG) of each plant indicator. Immature 8 week-old compost extract effect on MDG and germination percent of 15 weed species was evaluated. Extract from 8-week-old compost inhibited germination in most weed species, except yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Compost extracts derided from immature (3-day, 4-, and 8-week-old) compost resulted in delayed and reduced germination percent of important economic weed species.

scholarly journals Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Siaka Dembélé ◽  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Adama Coulibaly ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Jonathan P. Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

scholarly journals Effects of Matric and Osmotic Priming Treatments on Broccoli Seed Germination

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Jett ◽  
Gregory E. Welbaum ◽  
Ronald D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Radicle Emergence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peg 8000

Priming, a controlled-hydration treatment followed by redrying, improves the germination and emergence of seeds from many species. We compared osmotic and matric priming to determine which was the most effective treatment for improving broccoli seed germination and to gain a greater understanding of how seed vigor is enhanced by priming. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) seeds were osmotically primed in polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) at -1.1 MPa or matrically primed in a ratio of 1.0 g seed:0.8 g synthetic calcium silicate (Micro-Cel E):1.8 ml water at -1.2 MPa. In the laboratory, germination rates and root lengths were recorded from 5 to 42C and 10 to 35C, respectively. Broccoli seeds germinated poorly at >35C. Root growth after germination was more sensitive to temperatures >30C and <15C than radicle emergence. Matric and osmotic priming increased germination rate in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field. However, matric priming had a greater effect on germination and root growth rates from 15 to 30C. Neither priming treatment affected minimum or maximum germination or root growth temperatures. Both priming treatments decreased the mean thermal time for germination by >35%. The greater germination performance of matrically primed seeds was most likely the result of increased oxygen availability during priming, increased seed Ca content, or improved membrane integrity.

Influence of BAS-145138 on the Activity of Sulfonylurea and Imidazolinone Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 939-944
Author(s):  
Robert M. Devlin ◽  
Irena I. Zbiec
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

This study demonstrates that corn can be partially safened by BAS-145138 against sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The corn seeds were impregnated with BAS-145138 by soaking the seeds for 6 h in solutions of the safener. BAS-145138 had no effect on corn growth. However, corn shoot and root growth in length, fresh weight, and dry weight was partially protected by BAS-145138 from the phytotoxic effects of the sulfonylurea herbicides thiameturon and CGA -136872. Similar protection was given to corn against the phytotoxic activity of the imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. This study suggests that corn could be safened with BAS-145138 against the phytotoxic effects of residual amounts of sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides found in fields where wheat/corn or soybean/corn rotations take place.

Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence ofAmaranthus retroflexus

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ghorbani ◽  
W. Seel ◽  
C. Leifert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Biological Weed Control ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Different Temperatures

Detailed knowledge about the environmental conditions required for weed seed germination and establishment in soil is an important prerequisite for the development of integrated and biological weed control strategies. Germination and establishmentof Amaranthus retroflexuswere studied at different temperatures, planting depths, soil types, nitrogen supply, and water potentials. The minimum temperature for seed germination was > 5 C; maximum germination occurred between 35 and 40 C. At temperatures between 25 and 35 C, an additive effect on germination rate was observed when temperature and water availability were increased. For all soils tested, the percentage emergence of seeds placed on the soil surface and 4 cm deep was significantly lower than seeds placed between 0.5 and 3 cm. Emergence in the four sandy soils was generally greater than in the two heavier soils included in the study. There was a highly significant interaction between seed depth and soil type. Plant growth was also greatest in the lighter soils. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, and nitrogen and carbon percentage in plant tissues ofA. retroflexusincreased significantly with increasing soil nitrogen supply.

scholarly journals Differential Responses of Pak Choi and Edible Amaranth to an Elevated Temperature

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
San-Gwang Hwang ◽  
Hsiao-Chien Chao ◽  
Huey-Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
White Leaf

Global surface temperatures are predicted to increase by 1 to 4 °C by the year 2100. To unravel the risks from rising temperature to Taiwan’s summer leafy vegetable production, the phenotypical and physiological responses of two leafy crops, pak choi (Brassica chinensis L. cv. Quanzhou) and edible amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L. cv. White leaf), were compared under an elevated temperature. A temperature increase from 28 to 32 °C resulted in lower leaf calcium, magnesium, and manganese concentrations (dry weight basis) in pak choi without significant changes in shoot dry weight, suggesting potential negative effects of the elevated temperature on pak choi leaf nutrient status. However, increased temperature promoted both root and leaf growth in edible amaranth, which may be beneficial to its yield, making edible amaranth a potential summer leafy vegetable crop for Taiwan. Furthermore, a temperature change from 28 to 32 °C resulted in a higher leaf nitrate concentration in edible amaranth, because of the lower nitrate reductase activity (NRA). Thus, suitable nitrogen fertilization rates and programs under elevated temperature conditions should be reconsidered in the future. To sum up, a future rise in summer temperatures may impose negative impacts on pak choi leaf nutrient status but positive impacts on edible amaranth production.

Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus) Management in Wheat in China: Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Response to Herbicide Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengzhi Wang ◽  
Yizhao Huang ◽  
Lele Zhang ◽  
Weitang Liu ◽  
Jinxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Different Growth Stages

AbstractLittle information is published related to seed germination and seedling emergence of Japanese foxtail, a troublesome annual grass weed widely distributed in winter wheat fields in China. Three Japanese foxtail populations were studied under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, to determine the effects of different environmental factors on seed germination or seedling emergence. Chemical control is absolutely necessary in integrated management, and efficacy of POST herbicides against different growth stages of Japanese foxtail was evaluated. Germination rate was 90% or more when temperature ranged from 5 to 25 C, with germination onset shortened as temperature increased. Light was not required for germination to occur. For pH values ranging from 5 to10 there was no effect on seed germination. Japanese foxtail seed germination was sensitive to osmotic stress and completely inhibited at an osmotic potential of -1.1 MPa. The ‘1513’ population of Japanese foxtail demonstrated tolerance to soil salinity, with 98% germination at 80 mM NaCl compared with 25 and 40% germination for populations ‘1532’ and ‘1544’, respectively. High amounts of crop residue (10 t ha−1) suppressed Japanese foxtail emergence 38 to 55%. Germination of seeds placed at 160 C for 5 min was completely inhibited for dry seeds, with a similar effect at 130 C for pre-soaked seeds. Seed burial in the soil from 0 to 4 cm had no effect on seedling emergence, but burial at 7 cm completely inhibited seedling emergence. POST herbicides mesosulfuron-methyl (13.5 g ai ha−1), clodinafop-propargyl (67.5 g ai ha−1), pyroxsulam (13.5 g ai ha−1), pinoxaden (67.5 g ai ha−1) and isoproturon (1125 g ai ha−1) reduced plant dry weight 80% or more when applied at three- to seven-leaf stage, but control declined with application at later growth stages. The information from this study helps to develop an integrated approach to Japanese foxtail management.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Mungbean Genotypes at Seedling Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Ratri Tri Hapsari ◽  
Trustinah Trustinah
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Two Factors

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting mungbean production worldwide including Indonesia. Since mungbean plant is very sensitive to salt condition, selection of salinity tolerant genotypes becomes important for mungbean improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of eight mungbean genotypes to salinity at seedling stage under different levels. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors (mungbean genotypes and salinity levels) and triplicates. Observation variables were germination percentage, vigor index, germination rate, hypocotyls length, epicotyls length, root length, number of root, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. The result showed that increasing level of salinity concentration inhibited the speed of germination, germination percentage, vigor index, normal seedling fresh weight, and number of lateral roots. Murai and Vima 1 were identified as tolerant genotypes, while Vima-2 and MLGV 0180 were identified as salinity sensitive genotypes at seedling stage. Currently, mungbean varieties with special characters, such as saline-tolerant is not yet available. The availability of saline-tolerant variety of mungbean is a cheaper and easier technology for farmers to anticipate the expansion of the saline area. The tolerant genotypes may be further tested at the later stage to obtain promising genotype tolerant to salinity that effectively assist mungbean breeding program.

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