Running Uphill: Political Opportunity in Non-democracies

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Corduneanu-Huci ◽  
Maryjane Osa
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Parsimonious Model

AbstractThis study analyzes twenty-four cases of occurrence/non-occurrence of mobilization in non-democratic states to determine conditions of political opportunity in high-risk authoritarian contexts. Ragin's (1987) Boolean method of qualitative comparison (QCA 3.0) is used to identify specific configurations of conditions that constitute political opportunity in non-democracies. We find that political opportunity is sensitive to conditions created by divided elites, changes in repression, media access, influential allies, and social networks. Our analysis identifies four configurations that create an opening for mobilization under authoritarian conditions. The key factors, identified by QCA in the most parsimonious model, are media access and social networks. These two factors are sufficient conditions for producing mobilization in non-democratic states.

Hypertriglyceridemia: Apheretic Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giannini ◽  
M. Valbonesi ◽  
F. Morelli ◽  
P. Carlier ◽  
M.C. De Luigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
High Triglyceride

Patients with extremely high triglyceride levels and associated lipemia are at high risk for acute pancreatitis. Two factors can increase triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; one is overproduction and other is a defect in clearance. Either mechanism can cause hypertriglyceridemia and both may exist simultaneously. Causes can be either primary or secondary. Plasmapheresis is efficacious for severe hypertryceridemia in patients who have not responded to previous therapies. We have treated 15 cases of hypertrygliceridemia complicating the course of patients receiving Cyclosporin A after bone marrow transplantation. Five patients were treated with plasmapheresis, the other ten with cascade filtration. The removal rate for triglycerides was 58.0% for patients treated by cascade filtration and 63.5% for patients treated by plasmapheresis. The removal rates for triglycerides were low possibly as a consequence of early saturation of the filter.

scholarly journals Key factors leading to fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyu He ◽  
Xiaoxin Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Xuejun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Key Factors

AbstractCardiac injury among patients with COVID-19 has been reported and is associated with a high risk of mortality, but cardiac injury may not be the leading factor related to death. The factors related to poor prognosis among COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential key factors leading to in-hospital death among COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury. This retrospective single-center study was conducted at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from January 20, 2020 to April 10, 2020, in Wuhan, China. All inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (≥ 18 years old) and cardiac injury who had died or were discharged by April 10, 2020 were included. Demographic data and clinical and laboratory findings were collected and compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury. A total of 173 COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury were included in this study, 86 were discharged and 87 died in the hospital. Multivariable regression showed increased odds of in-hospital death were associated with advanced age (odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.18, per year increase; p < 0.001), coagulopathy (2.54, 1.26–5.12; p = 0·009), acute respiratory distress syndrome (16.56, 6.66–41.2; p < 0.001), and elevated hypersensitive troponin I (4.54, 1.79–11.48; p = 0.001). A high risk of in-hospital death was observed among COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury in this study. The factors related to death include advanced age, coagulopathy, acute respiratory distress syndrome and elevated levels of hypersensitive troponin I.

Brothers or others in arms? Civilian constituencies and rebel fragmentation in civil war

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S Mosinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Rebel Groups ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cross National

Why do united rebel fronts emerge in some insurgencies, while in other insurgencies multiple rebel groups mobilize independently to challenge the state, and often, each other? I develop a diffusion model of rebel fragmentation in which participation in rebellion spreads, completely or incompletely, through networks of civilians and dissidents. Using this theoretical framework I hypothesize that two factors jointly determine whether a rebel movement remains unified or fragments: the rebels’ investment in civilian mobilization, and the overall level of civilian grievances. The theory predicts that widely shared grievances motivate the formation of many small dissident groups willing to challenge the regime. Given the difficulty of collective action between disparate opposition actors, an emerging rebel movement will tend towards fragmentation when popular grievances are high. Yet extremely high civilian grievances can also help rebels activate broad, overlapping civilian social networks that serve to bridge together dissident groups. Mass-mobilizing rebel groups, benefiting from the participation of broad civilian networks, are most likely to forge and maintain a unified rebel front. I test this theory alongside several alternatives drawn from cross-national studies of conflict using regression analysis. The quantitative evidence lends considerable credence to the role of rebel constituencies in preventing or fomenting rebel fragmentation.

scholarly journals Using a Novel Grey DANP Model to Identify Interactions between Manufacturing and Logistics Industries in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Yi-Chung Hu ◽  
Ghi-Feng Yen ◽  
Hang Jiang ◽  
Yu-Jing Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Influence Matrix ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Factors

As a crucial part of producer services, the logistics industry is highly dependent on the manufacturing industry. In general, the interactive development of the logistics and manufacturing industries is essential. Due to the existence of a certain degree of interdependence between any two factors, interaction between the two industries has produced a basis for measurement; identifying the key factors affecting the interaction between the manufacturing and logistics industries is a kind of decision problem in the field of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). A hybrid MCDM method, DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) is appropriate to solve this problem. However, DANP uses a direct influence matrix, which involves pairwise comparisons that may be more or less influenced by the respondents. Therefore, we propose a decision model, Grey DANP, which can automatically generate the direct influence matrix. Statistical data for the logistics and manufacturing industries in the China Statistical Yearbook (2006–2015) were used to identify the key factors for interaction between these two industries. The results showed that the key logistics criteria for interaction development are the total number of employees in the transport business, the volume of goods, and the total length of routes. The key manufacturing criteria for interaction development are the gross domestic product and the value added. Therefore, stakeholders should increase the number of employees in the transport industry and freight volumes. Also, the investment in infrastructure should be increased.

Factors Affecting Individual Level ERP Assimilation in a Social Network Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Gao ◽  
Luning Liu ◽  
Yuqiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social

Prior research on ERP assimilation has primarily focused on influential factors at the organizational level. In this study, the authors attempt to extend their understanding of individual level ERP assimilation from the perspective of social network theory. They designed a multi-case study to explore the relations between ERP users' social networks and their levels of ERP assimilation based on the three dimensions of the social networks. The authors gathered data through interviews with 26 ERP users at different levels in five companies. Qualitative analysis was used to understand the effects of social networks and interactive learning. They found that users' social networks play a significant role in individual level ERP assimilation through interactive learning among users. They also found five key factors that facilitate users' assimilation of ERP knowledge: homophily (age, position and rank), tie content (instrumental and expressive ties), tie strength, external ties, and centrality.

scholarly journals Prospective analysis of the advertising sector: reality and trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Eva Santana-López ◽  
Jordi Botey-López ◽  
Nina Surinyac-Carandell ◽  
Pedro Mir-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
The Media ◽  
Made In

The advertising sector is immersed in a period of change in various ways, from a structural level to the type of insertions to be made in the media. Methodologically, the qualitative Delphi technique is applied herein, being the most recommended prospective approach for such emerging research topics. It is concluded that the key factors that define the advertising sector are digital transformation and the business model, to include three years from now, personalization, automation, and programming. Social networks are rising to become the communication channel that most uses advertising, and strategy stands out among the knowledge, skills, and competences that the advertising professional must obtain in the future.

scholarly journals Not All Risks Are Equal: The Risk Taking Inventory for High-Risk Sports

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Matt Barlow ◽  
Comille Bandura ◽  
Miles Hill ◽  
Dominika Kupciw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Population Attitudes

Although high-risk sport participants are typically considered a homogenous risk-taking population, attitudes to risk within the high-risk domain can vary considerably. As no validated measure allows researchers to assess risk taking within this domain, we validated the Risk Taking Inventory (RTI) for high-risk sport across four studies. The RTI comprises seven items across two factors: deliberate risk taking and precautionary behaviors. In Study 1 (n = 341), the inventory was refined and tested via a confirmatory factor analysis used in an exploratory fashion. The subsequent three studies confirmed the RTI’s good model–data fit via three further separate confirmatory factor analyses. In Study 2 (n = 518) and in Study 3 (n = 290), concurrent validity was also confirmed via associations with other related traits (sensation seeking, behavioral activation, behavioral inhibition, impulsivity, self-esteem, extraversion, and conscientiousness). In Study 4 (n = 365), predictive validity was confirmed via associations with mean accidents and mean close calls in the high-risk domain. Finally, in Study 4, the self-report version of the inventory was significantly associated with an informant version of the inventory. The measure will allow researchers and practitioners to investigate risk taking as a variable that is conceptually distinct from participation in a high-risk sport.

Uncertainty Is Inherent in Science

Uncertainty ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 149-165
Author(s):  
Kostas Kampourakis ◽  
Kevin McCain
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
Two Factors

At times people seem to have a mythical view of science as an infallible source of absolute certainty. Despite the prevalence of such a view, it is deeply misguided. All science is inherently uncertain. Two key factors that contribute to science’s inherent uncertainty are the complexity of natural phenomena and human limitations. Although the challenges posed by these two factors can be somewhat mitigated by way of scientific methods of investigation and the use of precise mathematical formulations, neither can be fully done away with. As a result, all science, no matter how precise or careful the methods it employs, is inherently uncertain. This is important to realize not only for truly understanding the nature of science, but also for appreciating that pointing out uncertainties that exist in domains like climate science, evolution, and vaccination in no way undercuts their claims to being legitimate, trustworthy science.

The Press and the Emergent Political Class in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 606-618
Author(s):  
Ibitayo Samuel Popoola
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Media Ownership ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media

This probing thesis in this study is on how the political class in colonial and post-colonial Nigeria established, maintained, improved and controls the machinery of the state through the press. While establishing media ownership and unequal media access as key factors responsible for the emergence of the political class, the study similarly discovered that the political class emerged because they were read, advertised or packaged by the press. Robert C. North (1967:301) says “politics could not exist without communication, nor could wars be fought.” The media are also the playing field on which politics occurs” (Perloff 2014:37). They are also the strategic routes through which aspiring politicians must travel during elections. Through a case study method of analysis, this study discovered that the political class emerged because they were read, advertised, and publicized by the press. For this reason, the political class regarded the press as partners in progress.

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