A Bilateral Perspective on the Digital Divide in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Blignaut
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Computer Literate

AbstractThere is an awareness of the need for “access to technology,” and there are several initiatives by government, non-governmental organizations and other community development programs to fulfill this demand. The digital divide is, however, not only a matter of access; the challenge is also to empower people to become proficient computer users, even those with general literacy backlogs. People should become actively involved in order to stay computer literate. Demographic aspects such as age, gender, education and socio-economic status affect usage patterns and the gratification gained from Internet usage. The long-term solution to solve the problem of the digital divide is to uplift the socio-economic standard of a community.

scholarly journals Women Participation In Community Development Programs In Urban Area In Balochistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Siraj Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women Participation

The aim of research study was to examine the participation of women in community development programs in urban area in Balochistan. This research study tried to know the influencing motives women to participate in community development programs. From a past viewpoint, women have experienced and survived many hard conditions. These have included deprivation, poverty and injustice, all of which have led to their poor socio-economic status. The study used quantitative methods. The purposive sampling method was used. Data were collected using the interview schedule for quantitative data. The total number of respondents were 100 from various Non- Governmental Organizations (BRSP, IDO, Mercy Corps). According to the study findings the participation of women in community development programs had a very positive and result oriented effect because though these various programs they ensure livelihood for their families and women resources were also developed. The study recommended that women participation should be ensured towards sustainable development in Balochistan.

scholarly journals The reputation trap of NGO accountability

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Gent ◽  
Mark J. C. Crescenzi ◽  
Elizabeth J. Menninga ◽  
Lindsay Reid
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Ngo Accountability ◽  
The Relationship

Can concerns for one’s reputation cause non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to alter their behavior to the detriment of achieving their policy goals? To answer this question, we explore the relationship between NGOs and their donors. Our theoretical model reveals that reputation can be a key piece of information in the decision to fund an NGO’s activities. Reputation can become so important to the NGO’s survival that it interferes with the long-term policy goals of the organization. As such, reputations can become a double-edged sword, simultaneously providing the information donors seek while constraining NGOs from realizing policy goals. We apply this logic to the problem of NGO accountability, which has received increasing attention in recent years, and demonstrate that the tools used by donors to improve accountability can trigger unintended consequences. We illustrate this strategic dynamic with two types of NGO activity: water improvement and international crisis mediation.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impacts of Saffron Production Promotion Measures on Farmers’ Policy Acceptance Probability: A Randomized Conjoint Field Experiment in Herat Province, Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4026
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wais Azimy ◽  
Ghulam Dastgir Khan ◽  
Yuichiro Yoshida ◽  
Keisuke Kawata
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effects ◽  
Acceptance Probability ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Conjoint Experiment ◽  
The Government

The government of Afghanistan promotes saffron production as a means to achieve economic development while reducing the widely spread opium cultivation in the country by providing necessary support to its farmers via saffron farmer service centers. This study investigates the causal effects of relevant attributes of potential saffron production promotion policies on the participation probabilities of saffron farmers. This study applies a randomized conjoint experiment to primary survey data of 298 farmers in Herat Province, which is perceived by the government as the center of saffron production in the country. The proposed hypothetical saffron production promotion policy consists of six attributes, namely, provision of machinery equipment, weather-based crop insurance, accessibility to long-term loans, location of saffron farmer service centers, provider of services, and annual payment. In the randomized conjoint experiment design, the respondents rank two alternative policies and policies against the status quo. The desirable policy comprises the machinery provision, long-term (up to 5 years) loan accessibility, an easily accessible service center, and policy implementation by international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The estimated results reveal that saffron farmers are highly supportive of the proposed saffron promotion policy and that their willingness to pay is as high as 17% of their per capita income.

scholarly journals The Role Of NGOs In Community Development In Balochistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Siraj Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Private Organization

Community Development (CD) is an approach aimed at improving the quality of life of the community. The approach for improvement can be achieved through a number of ways and organizations which includes, the Governmental and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) "a private organization that pursue activities to reduce suffering, promote the interest of the poor , protect the environment, provide basic social services or undertake community development". This paper discusses the role and contribution of NGOs towards development in Balochistan. NGOs have several projects, programs and roles which support people to bring development in communities. In addition, NGOs mobilize the communities to be self-dependent. The study includes interviews, document analysis and field studies with staffs and the beneficiaries of NGOs. The study helps the communities to find out their own problems and solve them according to their own local resources. Recommendations made as to the best practices of community development programs for NGOs to improve the living standard of people in province of Balochistan.

A Framework for Narrowing the Digital Divide

2003 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Alexander Osterwalder ◽  
Mathias Rossi ◽  
Minyue Dong
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Business Model ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication

The bridging of the so-called digital divide is an important issue in today’s development efforts of international and non-governmental organizations and developing countries. This does not only concern access to new information and communication technology (ICT) such as the Internet, but also access to the knowledge how to use these technologies for economic development. This chapter outlines the business model framework and the business model handbook that shall help to develop a knowledgeable class of e-entrepreneurs that are able to use ICT and to detect the opportunities of the Internet era.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Final Beneficiaries about the Performance of Cross-sector Partnerships: A Case Study Applied to the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition on Water and Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
José María Agudo-Valiente ◽  
Pilar Gargallo-Valero ◽  
Manuel Salvador-Figueras
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The City

Using the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition “Water and sustainable development” as a case study, this paper aims to respond to the increasing demand for measurements of the effects and the implications of the performance of cross-sector partnerships from the perspective of their intended final beneficiaries. A contingency framework for measuring the short-, medium- and long-term effects of the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition is developed based on a “results chain” or “logic model”. Our results highlight that there are positive long-term synergies between the two main purposes of the 2008 Zaragoza International Exhibition; first, to increase public awareness of and commitment to the problems of water and sustainable development and, second, to make the city of Zaragoza better known internationally and to modernize its infrastructures. Although respondents to our survey consider that the long-term effects on the city are greater, the main short- and medium-term effects are related to awareness of water problems, sustainable development and non-governmental organizations. These results are in tune with what has happened around the city in the last 10 years providing indirect validity both to our study and to the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals HIV/TB co-infection and availability of health services in relation to socio-economic status

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Bhim Bahadur Subba ◽  
Nirmal Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

  The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic disproportionate affects especially less developed countries and underprivileged communities. HIV weakens immune system of infected individuals and making them more susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Both HIV and TB disease are supposed to fuel each other socially and biologically and it is further fuelled by such as poor accessibility to services, illiteracy, stigma and discrimination all these factors have pushed Nepal into more vulnerability. This article aimed to find out the availability and accessibility to the HIV/TB services in relation to socio-economic status of respondents. A cross sectional study was conducted at four HIV care and prevention centers of different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) of Nepal. In the study, 51 samples were selected using random sampling procedures who gave consent to the interview. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Confidentiality was highly maintained and data were analyzed. The result showed mean age of respondents’ was 36.38 years. The pre-dominant 96.1 percent of respondents were from 18-54 years of age. Respondents from all socio-economic status almost two-third indented to use government hospital than private HIV/TB services. The majority 98.0 percent of HIV infected respondents belonged to destitute to better off economic status and they were further disadvantaged by lack of knowledge and information of HIV/TB services such cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and viral load service.

scholarly journals THE PROACTIVE ENGAGEMENT OF OXFAM INTERNATIONAL AS INTERNATIONAL NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (INGO) TO SOLVE SOMALIA FOOD INSECURITY PROBLEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-153
Author(s):  
Hendra Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Local Farmers

Somalia experienced 19 (nineteen) years for food crisis problem since 1992, and reached its peak in 2011. The crisis worsened by long standing conflict in the country combined with climate change, with the result that United Nations declared Somalia to be famine in 2011. The food crisis has driven world�s attention, especially non-governmental organizations concern on humanitarian issues, such as Oxfam International. In 1992, Oxfam International engaged to overcome food crisis and continue sustainable participation in addressing food crisis in 2011. Oxfam International cooperate with the local communities in Somalia by building water sanitation, providing clean water, delivering assistances such as foods, medicines, and also providing cash money. Oxfam International also supports and trains local people, especially farmers in agriculture, so they can produce food. By trained local farmers, it can help produce enough food to feed the population and reduce the possibility of famine in Somalia. The objective of this research is to explain the Oxfam International leading role in doing proactive involvement for humanitarian aids in Africa. The analysis is done based on the role of international non-governmental organization to handling the issue of food security in Somalia. To conclude, Oxfam International has shown meaningful efforts to give long- term impact on solving food insecurity problem in Somalia.

Natural Disasters and Cross-Border Implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena McLean ◽  
Muhammet Bas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

Natural disasters such as cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, floods, landslides, volcanoes, or pandemics routinely have cross-border implications. Transboundary risks of natural disasters tend to be the greatest for neighboring countries but often extend regionally or even globally. Even disasters with seemingly localized impacts contained within the national borders of a given state may have indirect short-term or long-term effects on other countries through refugee flows, conflict spillovers, volatility of global commodity prices, disruption of trade relations, financial flows, or global supply chains. Natural disasters may increase the risk of interstate conflict because of commitment problems, reduced opportunity costs of conflict, shocks to status quo divisions of resources, or demarcation of territories among countries, or because of leaders’ heightened diversionary incentives in favor of conflict. In some cases, disasters may have a pacifying effect on ongoing hostilities by creating opportunities for disaster diplomacy among conflict parties. Population displacement in disaster zones can send refugee flows and other types of migration across borders, with varying short-term and long-term socioeconomic and political effects in home and host countries. Adverse effects of natural disasters on regional and global economic activity shape patterns of international trade and financial flows among countries. To mitigate such risks from natural disasters and facilitate adjustment and recovery efforts, countries may turn to international cooperation through mechanisms for disaster relief and preparedness. Regional and global governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are common means to initiate and maintain such cooperative efforts.

Analysis of a new business model to fundraise non-governmental organizations using fuzzy cognitive maps

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6231-6243
Author(s):  
Irem Ucal Sari ◽  
Duygu Sergi ◽  
Can Aytore
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Critical Issues

Fundraising is one of the most critical issues for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to carry out their projects. In this paper, a search engine project which aims to find additional financial sources and increase donations for NGOs is proposed. The proposed search engine project is analyzed using fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) to define and manage factor influences on the success of the project. FCMs are useful tools to define long term effects of important factors for a system. First casual relations of the factors are determined and then using sigmoid function for learning algorithm, the equilibrium state for the system is obtained. It is found that the factors generating monetary values are the most important ones for the project to be successful in long term.

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