The Development of Literacy and the Conflict of Powers among Pashtuns on the Eve of State Formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Spiritual Leaders ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Tribal Society ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

AbstractBased on original sources, the paper gives a brief account of how the development of literacy and learning served first the legitimisation and then the conflict of powers within the Pashtun tribal society in the times preceding the foundation of the first Afghan state in 1747. The author discusses two main zones of social and political conflicts: between competing religious communities headed by tribal spiritual authorities, on the one hand, and between spiritual leaders and tribal military-administrative rulers, on the other.

Law’s Contradictions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimer Sultany
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This chapter analyzes concrete Egyptian and Tunisian cases that showcase the interplay between continuity and rupture. These cases illustrate the lack of a systemic relation between law and revolution. On the one hand, the judiciary that interprets and applies the law is part of the very social and political conflicts it is supposed to resolve. On the other hand, the law is incoherent and there are often resources within the legal materials to play it both ways. Thus, the different forces at work use both continuity and rupture to advance their positions. Furthermore, legitimacy discourse mediates the contradictions between law and revolution in the experience of different legal and political actors. This mediation serves an ideological role because it presupposes a binary dichotomy between continuity and rupture, papers over law’s incoherence by reducing it to a singular voice, and reduces revolution to an event rather than a process.

scholarly journals THE CRITICISM OF LITERALISM IN READING THE QUR'AN THROUGH NASR HAMID ABU ZAYD HERMENEUTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naupal Naupal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Abu Zayd believes that understanding the Qur'an is not limited to explanations or comments. It involves an interpretation process for capturing the significance (maghza) from the literal text. Interpretation also requires a presupposition that the Qur'an itself does not produce literal absolutes and certainty. The presupposition needs an interpretation that illustrates the possibility of accepting the diversity of Qur'anic interpretations in the times. By using Abu Zayd's hermeneutics, the Qur'an is an icon of Islam and at the same time a representation of Arab culture itself which is not necessarily literally absolute, but is open to interpretation. Hans Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic circle that inspired Hermeneutics of Abu Zayd emphasized that in understanding and applying the meanings of the text, the subject played a role in the text rather than the other way around. This study aims to open opportunities that the Qur'an on the one hand is an objective thing seen from the content of its truth, that is seen from its universal message, but on the other hand it is subjective, because it is bound by the interpretation of the text. This research is also intended to avoid the sacredness of the ordination of a single interpretation of the Qur'an which has resulted in the emergence of fundamentalism which has recently become so prevalent in global Islamic societies, not least in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Management Mode and Personnel Quality of International Students Management in Colleges and Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Yuhong Chen ◽  
Xiaozhuo Huo ◽  
Nannan Chen
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Mode ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
Major Trend ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

<p>The education system of colleges and universities is in the process of reform, and the internationalization of education has become a major trend of development. The number of foreign students is increasing, so the management of foreign students must be reformed. According to the current situation, in the management of foreign students, on the one hand, we should carry out a new management mode for foreign students in accordance with the requirements of the times; on the other hand, we should pay attention to improving the comprehensive quality of foreign students and those who stay in China.</p>

Queer Structures of Religious Feeling: What Time Is Now?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Psychoanalysis And Religion ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Religious Feeling ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Queer Temporality

This essay asks what psychoanalysis and religion might have to say to each other in view of Freud’s secular aspirations and queer theory’s temporal turn. Both queer temporality and psychoanalysis offer resources for understanding the multiple ways time coats, codes, and disciplines the body in secular modernity. This is so even though psychoanalysis is one of these disciplines. Nevertheless, the times of psychoanalysis are multiple. On the one hand, psychoanalysis quite frequently lays down a teleology in which the individual subject matures along a set pathway. On the other hand, this developmental imperative is at profound odds with psychoanalysis’s capacity to make room for the co-existence of past and present in ways that confound secular time’s forward march. This latter recognition—co-temporality—may even lay down routes for the cultivation of “counter-codes” (Foucault’s term), ways of living and experiencing and telling time out of sync with the linear logics of what José Muñoz has called “straight time.”

With Whom are we at War?

Philosophy ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
J. H. Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
General Philosophy ◽  
Lively Discussion ◽  
The People ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Second in importance only to the question raised by the short editorial in the last number of Philosophy: Why are we at War? is that on which there is at present a lively discussion going on in The Times and elsewhere under the title of “German Rulers and People”: With Whom are we at War? On one point there is no difference of opinion: we are at war with the blood- and crimestained group that, with Hitler at their head, hold the reins of government. Difference begins when it is asked what share the people of Germany as a whole has in their crimes. On the one side are those who hold that, as you cannot, in historical words, “bring an indictment against a whole nation,” neither can you be at war with a whole people, and that the main problem we have before us is the discovery of the means to appeal to the intelligence and hearts of the mass of the nation in order to enlist it against its Government as a common enemy. On the other side are those who quote the equally historic words that “every nation gets the kind of government it deserves,” from which “it follows that it deserves no immunity for the acts of the Government by which it chooses, or allows itself, to be governed.” This argument is reinforced first by a general philosophy of war as the “natural” order of things from which man is only gradually emerging into an exceptional and precarious condition of peace; and secondly, with regard to Germany in particular, that “the lust for dominance through force is, and will be for generations, at the root of the German character.” The importance of the issue as thus stated requires no emphasis.

History, Sociology and the Political Conflicts of the 1920s in São Paulo, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES P. WOODARD
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
County Level ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
The One

In recent years an ‘ethno-economic’ interpretation of politics in the coffee state of São Paulo in the early twentieth century, associated particularly with the work of Mauricio Font, has gained widespread acceptance. Its claim that state politics in the period was increasingly shaped by a cleavage between a declining traditional coffee aristocracy on the one hand, and a rising, mostly immigrant, smallholding and industrial economy on the other, is challenged here. It is argued, in part on the basis of a re-examination of the sources used by Font, that ideological rather than economic concerns motivated the Liga Nacional, while at county level, in Araras and elsewhere, personal and clientelistic motives continued to shape political loyalties. Finally, the argument that the Partido Democrático was driven primarily by ‘Big Coffee’ reaction to the PRP is shown to be unfounded.

scholarly journals Ethno-religious stereotypes and their functioning in Ukrainian society

2009 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Individual Existence ◽  
The One ◽  
Religious Stereotypes ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Religious life in all eras is accompanied not only by real facts, but also by their subjective perception. It is fixed not so much reality as the imagination of it. Among the common beliefs, a special place belongs to stereotypes, which, on the one hand, systematize and generalize ideas about the world, helping people to adequately perceive and interpret being, and on the other - preserving these ideas, which sometimes prevents people from entering new life. History has given rise to many religious stereotypes, by virtue of which the constitution and preservation of ethnic groups, nations, religious communities, and confessions took place. However, uncontrolled domination, and especially the use of these stereotypes in the theory and practice of social and individual existence, led to complications in the functioning of ethno-religious communities, to their struggle, even destruction, resulting in the disappearance of some and other ethnicities, nations, religions. and churches. The reality of the society in which we live is on

Coda

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Richard Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Country Music ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

Country performers have always balanced two contradictory impulses: on the one hand, they value their musical influences and the many earlier styles that made the music what it is today; on the other, they are interested in adding to the tradition by incorporating the latest technical and musical innovations. The Coda shows how, in the twenty-first century, we see the same scenario playing out among the latest country stars. While some stars adjust their music to fit the times, others continue to perform pretty much in the same style for decades. Country music keeps trucking along, despite many transformations and changes over the years.

scholarly journals Between Empire and Nation-State: Comments on the Pathology of State Formation in Eastern Europe during the ‘Short Twentieth Century’

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
György Péteri
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
State Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
East European ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Supranational Integration ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Nation State

This essay considers the basic differences between the development of the modern nation-state in west and east European contexts. It suggests that, because the foundations of state formation in the latter in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were ethnonationalist, a long road lies ahead in eastern Europe before the region can free itself from its lengthy captivity between the bad extremes of Empire on the one hand and the ethnonational Nation-State on the other. It disputes the idea that ethnocultural homogeneity within the borders of the nation-state provides a viable solution, even if the way to the creation of such homogeneity may be painful, and claims that policies which aim to create this ethnocultural homogeneity tend to prolong the swing of the region's political organisation between Empire and Nation-State. The only way out of the dilemma would appear to be the inclusion of these states in the processes of voluntary (non-imperial) regional and European supranational integration.

scholarly journals Toponymy of Russian Mining Settlements of the Komi Republic in the 21st Century Records

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Krasheninnikova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana G. Nizovtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Iron Mining ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

The paper deals with the toponymic material recorded in 2008–2019 from the Russian population of the mining settlements of Nyvchim, Kazhym, and Nychpas. All these small towns emerged due to iron mining development in the Komi Republic of the mid-18th century and the workforce migration from the central and northern parts of Russia related thereto. Analyzing the data from local toponymic systems, the authors discover motivations behind the local microtoponymy and the peculiarities of present-day place names in the region. Beyond that, the study deals with the names of intra-rural parts and periphery areas assimilated for economic, fishing, and other types of activities. Several groups of unofficial microtoponyms were highlighted: 1) titled by name/surname of the owner or user 2) referring to landscape and location features 3) situational microtoponyms. On the one hand, the analysis testifies to the adoption of Finno-Ugric names (hydronomy, above all) on the territory of the Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic. On the other hand, in the times of territory reclamation, there is an increase of Russian-based naming establishing territorial law, regulating agrarian, hunting, and fishing activities, helping residents to navigate. Some Russian names attest to the deep cultural memory of the settlers, the continuity of naming traditions which refer to the territories of exodus and maternal culture. Characteristically, the toponymic system of Russian mining settlements in the Komi Republic shows a far smaller proportion of names related to religion, cults, and mythology compared to the rest of the Russian North.

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