scholarly journals Antisymmetric male genitalia in Western Australian populations of Mecyclothorax punctipennis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr ◽  
Kipling W. Will
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Western Australian

Western Australian populations of Mecyclothorax punctipennis (MacLeay) exhibit chiral polymorphism for male genitalic asymmetry. The plesiomorphic genitalic enantiomorph, wherein the male aedeagal median lobe is left side superior when retracted in the abdomen, is rotated 180° to a right side superior position in 23% of males from Western Australia. Conversely, population samples from eastern Australia are monomorphic for the plesiomorphic left side superior condition. Western Australian population samples are significantly heterogeneous for the percentages of chirally reversed males, with right side superior frequencies ranging 0–58%. Conversely, asymmetry of the M. punctipennis female reproductive tract, wherein the apex of the bursa copulatrix is distally expanded toward the right side of the individual, is shown to be monomorphic within the species. Based on the vast disparity in frequencies of left versus right enantiomorphs among populations of Western Australian M. punctipennis, we hypothesize that population demographic factors related to very small population size and differential gene sampling via genetic drift could interact to establish populations fixed for the novel form. When such chiral genitalic substitutions are coupled with speciation, subsequent diversification stemming from that common ancestor would result in monophyletic lineages characterized by genitalic inversion. This hypothesis is corroborated by the sporadic occurrences of individual males with chirally inverted genitalia throughout the Carabidae, and the known occurrence of eight carabid taxa — individual species to diverse lineages — that are monomorphically characterized by male genitalic inversion.

Reproduction in the Bats Vespadelus-Vulturnus, V-Regulus and V-Darlingtoni (Microchiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Coastal South-Eastern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Tidemann
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sexually Mature

The sequence of reproductive and associated events that occurs in Vespadelus vulturnus is similar to those that are common to hibernating vespertilionids and rhinolophids. Females become sexually mature in their first year, whereas males do not undergo their first spermatogenesis until their second year. Both sexes accumulate fat deposits in late summer and autumn, but females begin to do this earlier and accumulate more than males. These deposits are gradually depleted over the course of winter. In autumn females produce a follicle of hibernation, the rupture of which is delayed until spring, when the resultant secondary oocyte is fertilised by sperm stored in the female reproductive tract. Females are monoestrous. Both ovaries are functional, although implantation occurs only in the right uterine horn. Males also undergo an annual cycle. Plasma androgen concentration and seminiferous tubule diameter reach a peak in late summer, with subsequent release of spermatozoa, but the accessory sex glands do not reach maximum size until late autumn. Sperm are present in the epididymides of males more than one year of age for the duration of winter. Male V. vulturnus arouse from torpor during winter more frequently than females. It is hypothesised that they do this in order to copulate, even though females store sperm and a copulatory plug forms in the vagina after insemination. The behaviour of the males can be explained by three factors: (1) some first-year females are not in oestrus at the beginning of winter, (2) some females with sperm stores depleted or absent are caught flying during winter and (3) in some females copulatory plugs are voided long before fertilisation occurs, thereby removing the barrier to subsequent insemination. Vespadelus regulus and V. darlingtoni appear to have a reproductive cycle similar to that of V. vulturnus.

THE TRANSPORT OF OVA IN RELATION TO THE DOSAGE OF OESTROGEN IN OVARIECTOMIZED RABBITS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. NOYES ◽  
C. E. ADAMS ◽  
A. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Uterine Tube ◽  
Ovum Transport ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Egg Transport

SUMMARY In order to determine what part the level of oestrogen in the body might play in the passage of ova through the female reproductive tract, 1249 freshly ovulated ova from donor rabbits were transferred into the uterine tubes of seventy-four ovariectomized recipients, fifty-three of which had previously been treated for 5–18 days with small daily injections of oestradiol benzoate. From 10 to 78 hr after transfer, 41% of the ova were recovered from the uterine tubes, 9% from the uterine horns, and 23% from the vaginae of the recipient animals. Twenty-seven% of the ova were lost. The rate of ovum transport varied widely between similarly treated animals, and between the right and left sides of the reproductive tract of the same animal. Larger proportions of ova were retained in the uterine tubes, and smaller proportions in the uterine horns as the oestrogen dose was increased. The great variability in the stage of cleavage and in the thickness of the mucin coat of ova recovered from the uterus and vagina suggested that the ova might be widely dispersed through the uterine tubes and that they probably pass out of the uterine tube at widely different periods of time. Evidence is presented that ovum transport in ovariectomized rabbits with or without oestrogen treatment is very irregular, that ova may be ejected from either end of the uterine tube at almost any time after transfer, and that ova are not normally retained in the uteri of such animals. Approx. 1 μg oestradiol benzoate administered daily for 5–10 days was necessary to maintain the uterine weight of ovariectomized rabbits at about the same level as that in intact oestrous rabbits, and also to reduce the variability in egg transport observed in control and ovariectomized animals.

scholarly journals Inhibition of mouse fertilization in vivo by intra-oviductal injection of an anti-equatorin monoclonal antibody

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yoshinaga ◽  
DK Saxena ◽  
T Oh-oka ◽  
I Tanii ◽  
K Toshimori
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The monoclonal antibody mMN9 recognizes an antigenic molecule, equatorin, which is localized at the equatorial segment of the mammalian sperm acrosome. Our previous results using an IVF system indicated that mMN9 blocked sperm-oocyte fusion. Antibody-containing and control solutions were injected directly into the right and left oviductal ampullae, respectively, of anaesthetized female mice to assess the effect of mMN9 on fertilization in vivo. After hCG treatment, the females were mated, and their oviductal eggs and implanted embryos were examined. mMN9 was retained in the oviductal lumen at 20 h after injection. The rates of fertilization and concomitant pregnancy were significantly lower than in the control side (P < 0.05). In addition, histological studies showed no evidence of pathological changes in the female reproductive tract after the injections. These results indicate that mMN9 inhibits mouse fertilization significantly under in vivo conditions and that this injection method should be useful for studying the effects of antibodies and agents on fertilization in vivo.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Present in Reproductive Tract Fluids and Their Relevance for Fertility

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
João C. Ribeiro ◽  
Patrícia C. Braga ◽  
Ana D. Martins ◽  
Branca M. Silva ◽  
Marco G. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
The Individual

Nowadays, infertility is classified as a disease of the reproductive system. Although it does not compromise the life of the individual, it can have detrimental effects on the physiological and psychological health of the couple. Male fertility evaluation is mainly focused on the analysis of sperm parameters. However, the ejaculated fluid is also composed of seminal plasma, and the study of this fluid can provide crucial information to help in the assessment of male fertility status. Total antioxidant capacity of the seminal plasma has been positively correlated with the fertility of men. Moreover, evidence highlights to a similar importance as that of female reproductive tract fluid antioxidant capabilities and female fertility. Herein, we describe the functions of seminal plasma and female reproductive tract fluids, as well as their main antioxidant components and their relationships with fertility outcomes. Additionally, this review contains the most up to date information regarding the mechanisms of the interaction between the male and the female reproductive fluids and the importance of proper antioxidant capacity for fertilization.

scholarly journals Biometry of Female Genital Organs of Black Bengal Goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Gupta ◽  
MM Akter ◽  
AD Gupta ◽  
A Das
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Uterine Body ◽  
Female Genital

This study was conducted to establish the normal dimensions of the different segments of the female reproductive tract of the Black Bengal goats. The reproductive tracts of 56 adult non-gravid, female Black Bengal goat were collected and biometric parameters of different segments of the female reproductive tracts i.e. vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns, oviducts and ovaries were measured .The lengths of the right and left ovaries were 1.453±0.034 and 1.410±0.026 cm, respectively. Mean weight of left ovary was 0.5944±0.06 gm and that of right ovary was 0.614±0.07 gm in Black Bengal goat. The average numbers of follicle in right and left ovaries were 4.123±0.230 and 3.893±0.229, respectively. The mean lengths of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns and oviduct were 2.671±0.063, 7.132±0.165, 3.348±0.113, 2.50±0.112 and 12.287±0.270 and 10.150±0.228 cm, respectively. The width of the vagina, cervix, uterine body and uterine horn were 3.972±0.098, 1.7551±0.042, 2.739±0.079 and 2.805±0.069 cm, respectively. The average number of curuncle in uterus was 54.714±1.70. A significant difference (p<0.05) between right and left ovaries was found for ovario-bursal adhesion. The mean weight, length and width in the present study were found higher in right ovaries than those of left ovaries. Key wards: Black Bengal goat; biometric parameters; ovary; uterus; cervix; vagina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i1.8609 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(1):12-16

scholarly journals Cervical Dysgenesis with Transverse Vaginal Septum with Imperforate Hymen in an 11 year old Girl Presenting with Acute Abdomen

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Gupta ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta ◽  
Sunita Jindal ◽  
Kanwaljeet Chopra ◽  
Manjari Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Imperforate Hymen ◽  
Simple Mode ◽  
Transverse Vaginal Septum ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
The Right

This case highlights the importance of careful evaluation of girls presenting with imperforate hymen as this is accompanied by other female reproductive tract anomalies. It is of utmost importance that a correct timely diagnosis is made so that the right treatment can be chosen with the perspective of future fertility. Cervical dysgenesis associated with vaginal septum and imperforate hymen has not been reported in literature so far. Present case highlights the simple mode of management with a successful outcome. Keywords: cervical dysgenesis; imperforate hymen; transverse vaginal septum.

Structure of the female reproductive tract of an adult parous Tasmanian tiger, Thylacinus cynocephalus

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
R. Leon Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Primary Oocyte ◽  
The Right

The present observations on the now-extinct Thylacinus are based on the reproductive system of an adult thylacine discovered among the specimens of the Hill collection at the Hubrecht Laboratory in the Netherlands. As in other marsupials, the reproductive tract was characterised by the presence of a uterus duplex and a vaginal complex where the ureters passed dorsally over each lateral vaginal canal to enter the bladder. The lateral vaginal canals each entered a urogenital sinus that terminated in a shallow cloaca. The gross dimensions of the reproductive tract of the thylacine were greater than those of any extant dasyurid marsupial. The distance from the rostral pole of the ovaries to the most caudal extremity of the urogenital sinus measured 25 cm. The distinctive aspects of the reproductive tract included a disproportionate enlargement of the corpus uteri that is without parallel in any other marsupial species. The bodies of the right and left uteri measured 10.4 cm 1.2 cm 0.9 cm and 9.1 cm 0.8 cm 0.7 cm respectively. The rostro-caudal length of the right and left cervices measured 2.7 cm and 1.7 cm respectively. The cervical canals entered the vaginal complex by way of a thick median vaginal septum. The elongated caudal component of the vaginal culs-de-sac lacked a median vaginal septum. As in other dasyurid marsupials, the lateral vaginae and associated vaginal complex were of diminutive proportions in relation to the typical marsupial pattern. The histology of the tract was remarkably good for tissue preserved since 1902 and indicated that the tissues were free of pathological changes. A characteristic marsupial pattern of ovarian folliculogenesis was evident where all but a thin peripheral zone of the cytoplasm of the primary oocyte became vacuolated during the pre-antral stage of ovarian follicle development.

Examination of mares and fillies for breeding purposes

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
James R. Crabtree ◽  
Jonathan Pycock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

This article provides an overview of the examination of mares and fillies for breeding purposes, with a suggested protocol for examination including: identification and history taking; physical examination; and screening for infectious reproductive diseases, potentially heritable defects and genetic diseases. Examination of the female reproductive tract is discussed based on its anatomical elements, along with guidance on assessment, indications for further investigations and conditions which may affect the future fertility of the individual. An in-depth evaluation of vulval conformation is described and quantitative assessment is illustrated using the ‘Caslick's index’. The limitations of the examination are described, along with guidance on certification of the examination findings.

scholarly journals 260.Sperm trains and mating behaviour in wood mice of the genus Apodemus

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
K. Dvorakova ◽  
P. Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cell Coupling

There is evidence of possible correlation between mating behaviour, sperm morphology and sperm behaviour in the female reproductive tract prior to fertilization. As shown in A. sylvaticus (1), cooperation between spermatozoa of an individual confers a significant advantage for fertilization, where inter-male sperm competition is intense. In our study we aimed to focus on three other species of rodent genus Apodemus; A. flavicolis, microps, agrarius versus A. sylvaticus, whose either promiscuous or monogamous mating behaviour has already been demonstrated (Stopka et al., unpublished). We placed spermatozoa from cauda epididymis of adult males of selected species into mouse in vitro fertilisation medium, and compared sperm behaviour of individual species. Surprisingly, despite monogamous or polygamous mating behaviour, sperm of all the above species rapidly aggregated into motile trains, as in A. sylvaticus, consisting of hundreds of cells. However, size and cell–cell coupling differed between each species. This may point to another aspect besides mating behaviour that may be involved in building up a mechanism for successful sperm delivery to the egg. These unique and organised aggregations can significantly increase sperm progressive motility. A detailed study of the main cytoskeletal proteins, using immunofluorescent methods, together with confocal microscopy, shows that in sperm-sperm binding especially protein actin plays an important role. According to in vitro experiments, we speculate that the viscous environment of the female reproductive tract may have played a crucial role in the evolution of sperm behaviour. Disintegration of motile sperm trains was associated with the majority of spermatozoa undergoing a premature acrosome reaction. However, the mechanism that triggers it remains to be determined. To conclude, it is likely that a myriad of changes in social behaviour of particular species were not accompanied by changes in sperm behaviour, but instead they retained original ancestral tactics typical for the genus Apodemus. (1) Moore, H., Dvorakova, K., Jenkins, N., Breed, W. (2002) Exceptional sperm cooperation in the wood mouse. Nature 418, 174–177.

Effect of Contraceptive Steroids on the Endometrium of Guinea Pig: SEM study

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
Mai M. Said ◽  
Ramesh K. Nayak ◽  
Randall E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Group 1

Burgos and Wislocki described changes in the mucosa of the guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina during the estrous cycle investigated by transmission electron microscopy. More recently, Moghissi and Reame reported the effects of progestational agents on the human female reproductive tract. They found drooping and shortening of cilia in norgestrel and norethindrone- treated endometria. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the effects of mestranol and norethindrone given concurrently on the three-dimensional surface features on the uterine mucosa of the guinea pig have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mestranol and norethindrone on surface ultrastructure of guinea pig uterus by SEM.Seventy eight animals were used in this study. They were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (20 animals) was injected intramuscularly 0.1 ml vegetable oil and served as controls.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document