Structure of the female reproductive tract of an adult parous Tasmanian tiger, Thylacinus cynocephalus

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
R. Leon Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Primary Oocyte ◽  
The Right

The present observations on the now-extinct Thylacinus are based on the reproductive system of an adult thylacine discovered among the specimens of the Hill collection at the Hubrecht Laboratory in the Netherlands. As in other marsupials, the reproductive tract was characterised by the presence of a uterus duplex and a vaginal complex where the ureters passed dorsally over each lateral vaginal canal to enter the bladder. The lateral vaginal canals each entered a urogenital sinus that terminated in a shallow cloaca. The gross dimensions of the reproductive tract of the thylacine were greater than those of any extant dasyurid marsupial. The distance from the rostral pole of the ovaries to the most caudal extremity of the urogenital sinus measured 25 cm. The distinctive aspects of the reproductive tract included a disproportionate enlargement of the corpus uteri that is without parallel in any other marsupial species. The bodies of the right and left uteri measured 10.4 cm 1.2 cm 0.9 cm and 9.1 cm 0.8 cm 0.7 cm respectively. The rostro-caudal length of the right and left cervices measured 2.7 cm and 1.7 cm respectively. The cervical canals entered the vaginal complex by way of a thick median vaginal septum. The elongated caudal component of the vaginal culs-de-sac lacked a median vaginal septum. As in other dasyurid marsupials, the lateral vaginae and associated vaginal complex were of diminutive proportions in relation to the typical marsupial pattern. The histology of the tract was remarkably good for tissue preserved since 1902 and indicated that the tissues were free of pathological changes. A characteristic marsupial pattern of ovarian folliculogenesis was evident where all but a thin peripheral zone of the cytoplasm of the primary oocyte became vacuolated during the pre-antral stage of ovarian follicle development.

scholarly journals Cervical Dysgenesis with Transverse Vaginal Septum with Imperforate Hymen in an 11 year old Girl Presenting with Acute Abdomen

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Gupta ◽  
Sangeeta Gupta ◽  
Sunita Jindal ◽  
Kanwaljeet Chopra ◽  
Manjari Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Imperforate Hymen ◽  
Simple Mode ◽  
Transverse Vaginal Septum ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
The Right

This case highlights the importance of careful evaluation of girls presenting with imperforate hymen as this is accompanied by other female reproductive tract anomalies. It is of utmost importance that a correct timely diagnosis is made so that the right treatment can be chosen with the perspective of future fertility. Cervical dysgenesis associated with vaginal septum and imperforate hymen has not been reported in literature so far. Present case highlights the simple mode of management with a successful outcome. Keywords: cervical dysgenesis; imperforate hymen; transverse vaginal septum.

THE TRANSPORT OF OVA IN RELATION TO THE DOSAGE OF OESTROGEN IN OVARIECTOMIZED RABBITS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. NOYES ◽  
C. E. ADAMS ◽  
A. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Uterine Tube ◽  
Ovum Transport ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Egg Transport

SUMMARY In order to determine what part the level of oestrogen in the body might play in the passage of ova through the female reproductive tract, 1249 freshly ovulated ova from donor rabbits were transferred into the uterine tubes of seventy-four ovariectomized recipients, fifty-three of which had previously been treated for 5–18 days with small daily injections of oestradiol benzoate. From 10 to 78 hr after transfer, 41% of the ova were recovered from the uterine tubes, 9% from the uterine horns, and 23% from the vaginae of the recipient animals. Twenty-seven% of the ova were lost. The rate of ovum transport varied widely between similarly treated animals, and between the right and left sides of the reproductive tract of the same animal. Larger proportions of ova were retained in the uterine tubes, and smaller proportions in the uterine horns as the oestrogen dose was increased. The great variability in the stage of cleavage and in the thickness of the mucin coat of ova recovered from the uterus and vagina suggested that the ova might be widely dispersed through the uterine tubes and that they probably pass out of the uterine tube at widely different periods of time. Evidence is presented that ovum transport in ovariectomized rabbits with or without oestrogen treatment is very irregular, that ova may be ejected from either end of the uterine tube at almost any time after transfer, and that ova are not normally retained in the uteri of such animals. Approx. 1 μg oestradiol benzoate administered daily for 5–10 days was necessary to maintain the uterine weight of ovariectomized rabbits at about the same level as that in intact oestrous rabbits, and also to reduce the variability in egg transport observed in control and ovariectomized animals.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor signaling in the ovarian follicle

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. R31-R43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Price
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Differential Action

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been shown to alter growth and differentiation of reproductive tissues in a variety of species. Within the female reproductive tract, the effects of FGFs have been focused on the ovary, and the most studied one is FGF2, which stimulates granulosa cell proliferation and decreases differentiation (decreased steroidogenesis). Other FGFs have also been implicated in ovarian function, and this review summarizes the effects of members of two subfamilies on ovarian function; the FGF7 subfamily that also contains FGF10, and the FGF8 subfamily that also contains FGF18. There are data to suggest that FGF8 and FGF18 have distinct actions on granulosa cells, despite their apparent similar receptor binding properties. Studies of non-reproductive developmental biology also indicate that FGF8 is distinct from FGF18, and that FGF7 is also distinct from FGF10 despite similar receptor binding properties. In this review, the potential mechanisms of differential action of FGF7/FGF10 and FGF8/FGF18 during organogenesis will be reviewed and placed in the context of follicle development. A model is proposed in which FGF8 and FGF18 differentially activate receptors depending on the properties of the extracellular matrix in the follicle.

scholarly journals Antisymmetric male genitalia in Western Australian populations of Mecyclothorax punctipennis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr ◽  
Kipling W. Will
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Western Australian

Western Australian populations of Mecyclothorax punctipennis (MacLeay) exhibit chiral polymorphism for male genitalic asymmetry. The plesiomorphic genitalic enantiomorph, wherein the male aedeagal median lobe is left side superior when retracted in the abdomen, is rotated 180° to a right side superior position in 23% of males from Western Australia. Conversely, population samples from eastern Australia are monomorphic for the plesiomorphic left side superior condition. Western Australian population samples are significantly heterogeneous for the percentages of chirally reversed males, with right side superior frequencies ranging 0–58%. Conversely, asymmetry of the M. punctipennis female reproductive tract, wherein the apex of the bursa copulatrix is distally expanded toward the right side of the individual, is shown to be monomorphic within the species. Based on the vast disparity in frequencies of left versus right enantiomorphs among populations of Western Australian M. punctipennis, we hypothesize that population demographic factors related to very small population size and differential gene sampling via genetic drift could interact to establish populations fixed for the novel form. When such chiral genitalic substitutions are coupled with speciation, subsequent diversification stemming from that common ancestor would result in monophyletic lineages characterized by genitalic inversion. This hypothesis is corroborated by the sporadic occurrences of individual males with chirally inverted genitalia throughout the Carabidae, and the known occurrence of eight carabid taxa — individual species to diverse lineages — that are monomorphically characterized by male genitalic inversion.

scholarly journals ANATOMI DAN GAMBARAN ULTRASOUND ORGAN REPRODUKSI SELAMA SIKLUS ESTRUS PADA KUDA GAYO BETINA (Anatomy and Ultrasound Imaging of Reproductive Organs of Gayo Mares During Estrous Cycle)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Juli Melia ◽  
Muhammad Agil ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
Amrozi Amrozi
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Histological Method ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
The Right

The present study examines anatomy of Gayo mare reproductive organs. This study used three sample of Gayo mare reproductive organs (n= 3) for observation of morphology and morphometric of the mare reproductive organs. The ovarium was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution then followed by histological method and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichome (MT). Three mares were observed for diameter and changes overview of uterus during estrous cycle in real time using ultrasound. The results showed that, in general, the anatomy of Gayo mare’s reproductive organs was similar to other mares, but smaller in morphometry. The total length of the Gayo mare’s reproductive tract from labia to apex cornua was 48.00±1.00 cm. Weight of Gayo mare’s left ovary was 19.07±7.70 g and the right was 24.43±0.83 g. Histologically, there was no difference between Gayo mare’s structure and other mares. In cortex uteri there were some follicles surrounded by capillary, various development stages of follicles, healthy follicles, atretic follicle, and corpus albican; while in medulla there were a lot of connective tissues. Ultrasound of the uterus showed the change in diameter during estrous cycle with the largest diameter of corpus uteri was 4.43±0.10 cm in horses with estrous cycle of 21 days and 6.30±0.93 cm in horses with 24 days estrous cycle. In conclusion, the morphometry of Gayo mare reproductive organs are smaller than the other horses and there are differences in diameter of the uterus during the estrous cycle due to the changes of endometrium thickness.

scholarly journals An interesting rare case of spontaneous pregnancy with imperforate hymen and high transverse vaginal septum with bicornuate uterus

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Bharathi KR ◽  
Vijayalakshmi S. ◽  
Divya Alamelu N.
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Imperforate Hymen ◽  
Bicornuate Uterus ◽  
Spontaneous Pregnancy ◽  
Transverse Vaginal Septum ◽  
Huge Impact

Congenital anatomic disorders of the female reproductive tract may result from genetic mutation, developmental arrest and abnormal hormonal exposure during embryonic development. These anomalies have a huge impact on the woman’s menstrual, sexual and reproductive functions. Pregnancy with these anatomic disorders is quite challenging. Here we present a rare interesting case of spontaneous pregnancy with multiple anatomic disorders namely- imperforate hymen, high transverse vaginal septum and bicornuate uterus.

scholarly journals Inhibition of mouse fertilization in vivo by intra-oviductal injection of an anti-equatorin monoclonal antibody

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yoshinaga ◽  
DK Saxena ◽  
T Oh-oka ◽  
I Tanii ◽  
K Toshimori
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The monoclonal antibody mMN9 recognizes an antigenic molecule, equatorin, which is localized at the equatorial segment of the mammalian sperm acrosome. Our previous results using an IVF system indicated that mMN9 blocked sperm-oocyte fusion. Antibody-containing and control solutions were injected directly into the right and left oviductal ampullae, respectively, of anaesthetized female mice to assess the effect of mMN9 on fertilization in vivo. After hCG treatment, the females were mated, and their oviductal eggs and implanted embryos were examined. mMN9 was retained in the oviductal lumen at 20 h after injection. The rates of fertilization and concomitant pregnancy were significantly lower than in the control side (P < 0.05). In addition, histological studies showed no evidence of pathological changes in the female reproductive tract after the injections. These results indicate that mMN9 inhibits mouse fertilization significantly under in vivo conditions and that this injection method should be useful for studying the effects of antibodies and agents on fertilization in vivo.

Reproduction in the Bats Vespadelus-Vulturnus, V-Regulus and V-Darlingtoni (Microchiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Coastal South-Eastern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Tidemann
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sexually Mature

The sequence of reproductive and associated events that occurs in Vespadelus vulturnus is similar to those that are common to hibernating vespertilionids and rhinolophids. Females become sexually mature in their first year, whereas males do not undergo their first spermatogenesis until their second year. Both sexes accumulate fat deposits in late summer and autumn, but females begin to do this earlier and accumulate more than males. These deposits are gradually depleted over the course of winter. In autumn females produce a follicle of hibernation, the rupture of which is delayed until spring, when the resultant secondary oocyte is fertilised by sperm stored in the female reproductive tract. Females are monoestrous. Both ovaries are functional, although implantation occurs only in the right uterine horn. Males also undergo an annual cycle. Plasma androgen concentration and seminiferous tubule diameter reach a peak in late summer, with subsequent release of spermatozoa, but the accessory sex glands do not reach maximum size until late autumn. Sperm are present in the epididymides of males more than one year of age for the duration of winter. Male V. vulturnus arouse from torpor during winter more frequently than females. It is hypothesised that they do this in order to copulate, even though females store sperm and a copulatory plug forms in the vagina after insemination. The behaviour of the males can be explained by three factors: (1) some first-year females are not in oestrus at the beginning of winter, (2) some females with sperm stores depleted or absent are caught flying during winter and (3) in some females copulatory plugs are voided long before fertilisation occurs, thereby removing the barrier to subsequent insemination. Vespadelus regulus and V. darlingtoni appear to have a reproductive cycle similar to that of V. vulturnus.

scholarly journals Biometry of Female Genital Organs of Black Bengal Goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Gupta ◽  
MM Akter ◽  
AD Gupta ◽  
A Das
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Uterine Body ◽  
Female Genital

This study was conducted to establish the normal dimensions of the different segments of the female reproductive tract of the Black Bengal goats. The reproductive tracts of 56 adult non-gravid, female Black Bengal goat were collected and biometric parameters of different segments of the female reproductive tracts i.e. vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns, oviducts and ovaries were measured .The lengths of the right and left ovaries were 1.453±0.034 and 1.410±0.026 cm, respectively. Mean weight of left ovary was 0.5944±0.06 gm and that of right ovary was 0.614±0.07 gm in Black Bengal goat. The average numbers of follicle in right and left ovaries were 4.123±0.230 and 3.893±0.229, respectively. The mean lengths of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns and oviduct were 2.671±0.063, 7.132±0.165, 3.348±0.113, 2.50±0.112 and 12.287±0.270 and 10.150±0.228 cm, respectively. The width of the vagina, cervix, uterine body and uterine horn were 3.972±0.098, 1.7551±0.042, 2.739±0.079 and 2.805±0.069 cm, respectively. The average number of curuncle in uterus was 54.714±1.70. A significant difference (p<0.05) between right and left ovaries was found for ovario-bursal adhesion. The mean weight, length and width in the present study were found higher in right ovaries than those of left ovaries. Key wards: Black Bengal goat; biometric parameters; ovary; uterus; cervix; vagina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i1.8609 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(1):12-16

scholarly journals 227 REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE GREY SHORT-TAILED OPOSSUM (MONODELPHIS DOMESTICA): CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION BY CATHETER

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. B. P. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Median Septum ◽  
Pass Through

Due to the variability in vaginal anatomy among marsupials, the female reproductive tract must be examined for each species prior to developing artificial insemination using catheters. The grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) is a nonseasonal, polyovular didelphid and, as in all marsupials studied, has two completely separate uteri each opening into an anterior vaginal expansion through two distinct cervices. In the opossum, however, a septum divides the anterior vaginal expansion into two vaginal culs-de-sac, two lateral vaginae connect the anterior vaginal culs-de-sac to the urogenital sinus and opening, and the median vagina is a transient pseudo-vaginal birth canal. In this study we examined the site for insertion of artificial insemination catheters and the distribution of fluids inseminated within the vaginal complex of the opossum. Reproductive tracts were examined from four similarly sized unpaired adult one- to two-year-old females. A 2.3 mm diameter silicon balloon HSG catheter or a 0.8 mm diameter malleable obturator (Cook Australia, Brisbane, Australia) was introduced at the urogenital opening and navigated through the urogenital sinus, lateral vaginae, and cervices and the depth of insertion noted. Second, 0.15 mL of 1% Methylene blue dye (Sigma, Poole, UK) was injected by HSG catheter into the anterior urogenital sinus and the extent of dye distribution in the tract noted. In all tracts, the HSG catheter easily reached the anterior urogenital sinus (1.5 ± 0.3 cm; mean ± SEM), but would not pass into the lateral vaginae or bladder. The malleable obturator easily passed into the bladder or through each lateral vagina into the anterior vaginal cul-de-sac (2.9 ± 0.2 cm). The obturator also passed through the each cervix into the opening of the uterus (3.1 ± 0.3 cm), but the tract required manipulation to navigate it through the convoluted lateral vaginae. Dye injected into the anterior urogenital sinus was distributed throughout the lateral vaginae and anterior vaginal culs-de-sac. No dye was detected in the bladder or had passed through the cervices into the uteri. In two of three tracts studied, dye was observed to migrate between each anterior vaginal cul-de-sac across the posterior end of the median septum that divides them. In conclusion, the use of larger diameter catheters (∼2.3 mm) is recommended for unguided insemination of the anterior urogenital sinus in this species. Catheters less than 1 mm diameter require ultrasonic or endoscopic guidance to reach the uteri in order to avoid insemination into the bladder. Dye studies indicate that the median septum may not completely separate the cervices in the opossum, suggesting that inseminates delivered to one side of the tract may be able to fertilize oocytes on the contralateral side. In addition, the cervices appear to restrict inseminates from entering the uteri. Spermatozoa may thus be required to pass through the cervices under their own motility. This work was funded by the European Commission under a Marie Curie Incoming International Fellowship. Catheters were provided by Cook Australia.

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