THE TRANSPORT OF OVA IN RELATION TO THE DOSAGE OF OESTROGEN IN OVARIECTOMIZED RABBITS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. NOYES ◽  
C. E. ADAMS ◽  
A. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Uterine Tube ◽  
Ovum Transport ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Right ◽  
Egg Transport

SUMMARY In order to determine what part the level of oestrogen in the body might play in the passage of ova through the female reproductive tract, 1249 freshly ovulated ova from donor rabbits were transferred into the uterine tubes of seventy-four ovariectomized recipients, fifty-three of which had previously been treated for 5–18 days with small daily injections of oestradiol benzoate. From 10 to 78 hr after transfer, 41% of the ova were recovered from the uterine tubes, 9% from the uterine horns, and 23% from the vaginae of the recipient animals. Twenty-seven% of the ova were lost. The rate of ovum transport varied widely between similarly treated animals, and between the right and left sides of the reproductive tract of the same animal. Larger proportions of ova were retained in the uterine tubes, and smaller proportions in the uterine horns as the oestrogen dose was increased. The great variability in the stage of cleavage and in the thickness of the mucin coat of ova recovered from the uterus and vagina suggested that the ova might be widely dispersed through the uterine tubes and that they probably pass out of the uterine tube at widely different periods of time. Evidence is presented that ovum transport in ovariectomized rabbits with or without oestrogen treatment is very irregular, that ova may be ejected from either end of the uterine tube at almost any time after transfer, and that ova are not normally retained in the uteri of such animals. Approx. 1 μg oestradiol benzoate administered daily for 5–10 days was necessary to maintain the uterine weight of ovariectomized rabbits at about the same level as that in intact oestrous rabbits, and also to reduce the variability in egg transport observed in control and ovariectomized animals.

Effects of condition and sperm competition risk on sperm allocation and storage in neriid flies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachariah Wylde ◽  
Angela Crean ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Ejaculate Size ◽  
Sperm Competition Risk ◽  
High Condition ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Abstract Ejaculate traits can be sexually selected and often exhibit heightened condition-dependence. However, the influence of sperm competition risk in tandem with condition-dependent ejaculate allocation strategies is relatively unstudied. Because ejaculates are costly to produce, high-condition males may be expected to invest more in ejaculates when sperm competition risk is greater. We examined the condition-dependence of ejaculate size by manipulating nutrient concentration in the juvenile (larval) diet of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. Using a fully factorial design we also examined the effects of perceived sperm competition risk (manipulated by allowing males to mate first or second) on the quantity of ejaculate transferred and stored in the three spermathecae of the female reproductive tract. To differentiate male ejaculates, we fed males nontoxic rhodamine fluorophores (which bind to proteins in the body) prior to mating, labeling their sperm red or green. We found that high-condition males initiated mating more quickly and, when mating second, transferred more ejaculate to both of the female’s posterior spermathecae. This suggests that males allocate ejaculates strategically, with high-condition males elevating their ejaculate investment only when facing sperm competition. More broadly, our findings suggest that ejaculate allocation strategies can incorporate variation in both condition and perceived risk of sperm competition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of safety of caesarean myomectomy: A prospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Nazlima Nargis ◽  
Md Iqbal Karim ◽  
Salma Loverine
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cesarean Myomectomy

Background: Uterine myomas are the most common benign tumour of female reproductive tract and the prevalence of myomas in pregnancy has been reported to be 2%to 5% . Myomectomy during cesarean section has traditionally been discouraged due to risk of intractable haemorrhage and fear of hysterectomy. But recently large scaled studies indicated that cesarean myomectomy could be safely performed in majority of cases without any serious or life threatening complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done at Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2016 and December 2016. Fifty patients were recruited into the study, 25 patients had undergone myomectomy during cesarean section and 25 patients had undergone only cesarean section. Results: Average value of haemoglobin both pre and post-operatively was 12.31±1.22 g/dl and 10.64±1.51 g/dl for patients who had cesarean section with myomectomy and 11.61±1.3 g/dl and 10.3±1.7 g/dl in the other group in which cesarean section without myomectomy was performed. The difference in average haemoglobin for patients who had a cesarean section and myomectomy was 1.41 while those who had caesarean section alone was 1.32±1.12. This was not significant. The average duration of operation was longer in patient who had cesarean section and myomectomy (54.32±18.06 mins) than those who had caesarean section alone (38.54±8.42mins). The incidence of hemorrhage was5.45±1.23% and 5.23±1.03% respectively and the mean length of postoperative hospitalization was2.42±1.45and 2.17±0.70 days and no hysterectomy was needed in any group. Blood transfusion was given in 6 patients with 3 patients in each group. Sixty eight percent of the fibroids were subserous and in the body of the uterus. Conclusion: Cesarean myomectomy is a safe and effective procedure and does not increase the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2019; 7(1): 40-43

scholarly journals Microphysiologic systems in female reproductive biology

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (17) ◽  
pp. 1690-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria N Young ◽  
Georgette Moyle-Heyrman ◽  
J Julie Kim ◽  
Joanna E Burdette
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Organ Systems

Microphysiologic systems (MPS), including new organ-on-a-chip technologies, recapitulate tissue microenvironments by employing specially designed tissue or cell culturing techniques and microfluidic flow. Such systems are designed to incorporate physiologic factors that conventional 2D or even 3D systems cannot, such as the multicellular dynamics of a tissue–tissue interface or physical forces like fluid sheer stress. The female reproductive system is a series of interconnected organs that are necessary to produce eggs, support embryo development and female health, and impact the functioning of non-reproductive tissues throughout the body. Despite its importance, the human reproductive tract has received less attention than other organ systems, such as the liver and kidney, in terms of modeling with MPS. In this review, we discuss current gaps in the field and areas for technological advancement through the application of MPS. We explore current MPS research in female reproductive biology, including fertilization, pregnancy, and female reproductive tract diseases, with a focus on their clinical applications. Impact statement This review discusses existing microphysiologic systems technology that may be applied to study of the female reproductive tract, and those currently in development to specifically investigate gametes, fertilization, embryo development, pregnancy, and diseases of the female reproductive tract. We focus on the clinical applicability of these new technologies in fields such as assisted reproductive technologies, drug testing, disease diagnostics, and personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Antisymmetric male genitalia in Western Australian populations of Mecyclothorax punctipennis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini)

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr ◽  
Kipling W. Will
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Western Australian

Western Australian populations of Mecyclothorax punctipennis (MacLeay) exhibit chiral polymorphism for male genitalic asymmetry. The plesiomorphic genitalic enantiomorph, wherein the male aedeagal median lobe is left side superior when retracted in the abdomen, is rotated 180° to a right side superior position in 23% of males from Western Australia. Conversely, population samples from eastern Australia are monomorphic for the plesiomorphic left side superior condition. Western Australian population samples are significantly heterogeneous for the percentages of chirally reversed males, with right side superior frequencies ranging 0–58%. Conversely, asymmetry of the M. punctipennis female reproductive tract, wherein the apex of the bursa copulatrix is distally expanded toward the right side of the individual, is shown to be monomorphic within the species. Based on the vast disparity in frequencies of left versus right enantiomorphs among populations of Western Australian M. punctipennis, we hypothesize that population demographic factors related to very small population size and differential gene sampling via genetic drift could interact to establish populations fixed for the novel form. When such chiral genitalic substitutions are coupled with speciation, subsequent diversification stemming from that common ancestor would result in monophyletic lineages characterized by genitalic inversion. This hypothesis is corroborated by the sporadic occurrences of individual males with chirally inverted genitalia throughout the Carabidae, and the known occurrence of eight carabid taxa — individual species to diverse lineages — that are monomorphically characterized by male genitalic inversion.

scholarly journals A non-genomic signaling pathway shut down by mating changes the estradiol-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Parada-Bustamante ◽  
Pedro A Orihuela ◽  
Mariana Ríos ◽  
Catherina A Cuevas ◽  
Maria Lorena Oróstica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Egg Transport ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitor

Estradiol (E2) accelerates oviductal egg transport through intraoviductal non-genomic pathways in unmated rats and through genomic pathways in mated rats. This shift in pathways has been designated as intracellular path shifting (IPS), and represents a novel and hitherto unrecognized effect of mating on the female reproductive tract. We had reported previously that IPS involves shutting down the E2non-genomic pathway up- and downstream of 2-methoxyestradiol. Here, we evaluated whether IPS involves changes in the genomic pathway too. Using microarray analysis, we found that a common group of genes changed its expression in response to E2in unmated and mated rats, indicating that an E2genomic signaling pathway is present before and after mating; however, a group of genes decreased its expression only in mated rats and another group of genes increased its expression only in unmated rats. We evaluated the possibility that this difference is a consequence of an E2non-genomic signaling pathway present in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. Mating shuts down this E2non-genomic signaling pathway up- and downstream of cAMP production. TheStarlevel is increased by E2in unmated rats, but not in mated rats. This is blocked by the antagonist of estrogen receptor ICI 182 780, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536, and the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, OR 486. These results indicate that the E2-induced gene expression profile in the rat oviduct differs before and after mating, and this difference is probably mediated by an E2non-genomic signaling pathway operating on gene expression only in unmated rats.

scholarly journals Inhibition of mouse fertilization in vivo by intra-oviductal injection of an anti-equatorin monoclonal antibody

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yoshinaga ◽  
DK Saxena ◽  
T Oh-oka ◽  
I Tanii ◽  
K Toshimori
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Control Side ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

The monoclonal antibody mMN9 recognizes an antigenic molecule, equatorin, which is localized at the equatorial segment of the mammalian sperm acrosome. Our previous results using an IVF system indicated that mMN9 blocked sperm-oocyte fusion. Antibody-containing and control solutions were injected directly into the right and left oviductal ampullae, respectively, of anaesthetized female mice to assess the effect of mMN9 on fertilization in vivo. After hCG treatment, the females were mated, and their oviductal eggs and implanted embryos were examined. mMN9 was retained in the oviductal lumen at 20 h after injection. The rates of fertilization and concomitant pregnancy were significantly lower than in the control side (P < 0.05). In addition, histological studies showed no evidence of pathological changes in the female reproductive tract after the injections. These results indicate that mMN9 inhibits mouse fertilization significantly under in vivo conditions and that this injection method should be useful for studying the effects of antibodies and agents on fertilization in vivo.

scholarly journals Description of the reproductive tract and gonad histology of a second form of hermaphroditism in the Port Jackson sharkHeterodontus portusjacksoni

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee A. Jones ◽  
Ian C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Port Jackson

Sampling of commercial fisheries bycatch in south-western Australia has yielded a second and different form of hermaphrodite of the Port Jackson sharkHeterodontus portusjacksoni. Its total length (706 mm) and weight (2740 g) fall within the range of those of mature males, but below those of mature females. The left clasper was similar to that of normal mature males, whereas the right clasper was far smaller, had a poorly-developed rhipidion groove and lacked a spur. The body cavity possessed a testis on the left, an ovotestis on the right, and contained sperm ducts, oviducal glands and uteri on both sides. As with normal mature males, the testis and the testicular component of the ovotestis contained germ cells in various stages of spermatogenesis, including late stage spermatids. The ovarian component of the ovotestis contained 14 follicles that were larger (5–9 mm diameter) than those of normal females of similar size, which were immature, but far smaller than those of normal mature females. Six of those follicles were atretic. The widths of the left and right oviducal glands and uteri were far greater than those of normal females of similar size, but similar to those of normal mature females. Thus, although gonadal maturation had progressed further in the testis and the testicular component of the ovotestis than in the ovarian component of the ovotestis, the oviducal glands and the uteri of the hermaphrodite were of similar size to those of normal mature females and were far better developed than those of normal females of similar length, which are immature.

Reproduction in the Bats Vespadelus-Vulturnus, V-Regulus and V-Darlingtoni (Microchiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Coastal South-Eastern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Tidemann
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sexually Mature

The sequence of reproductive and associated events that occurs in Vespadelus vulturnus is similar to those that are common to hibernating vespertilionids and rhinolophids. Females become sexually mature in their first year, whereas males do not undergo their first spermatogenesis until their second year. Both sexes accumulate fat deposits in late summer and autumn, but females begin to do this earlier and accumulate more than males. These deposits are gradually depleted over the course of winter. In autumn females produce a follicle of hibernation, the rupture of which is delayed until spring, when the resultant secondary oocyte is fertilised by sperm stored in the female reproductive tract. Females are monoestrous. Both ovaries are functional, although implantation occurs only in the right uterine horn. Males also undergo an annual cycle. Plasma androgen concentration and seminiferous tubule diameter reach a peak in late summer, with subsequent release of spermatozoa, but the accessory sex glands do not reach maximum size until late autumn. Sperm are present in the epididymides of males more than one year of age for the duration of winter. Male V. vulturnus arouse from torpor during winter more frequently than females. It is hypothesised that they do this in order to copulate, even though females store sperm and a copulatory plug forms in the vagina after insemination. The behaviour of the males can be explained by three factors: (1) some first-year females are not in oestrus at the beginning of winter, (2) some females with sperm stores depleted or absent are caught flying during winter and (3) in some females copulatory plugs are voided long before fertilisation occurs, thereby removing the barrier to subsequent insemination. Vespadelus regulus and V. darlingtoni appear to have a reproductive cycle similar to that of V. vulturnus.

scholarly journals Biometry of Female Genital Organs of Black Bengal Goat

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Gupta ◽  
MM Akter ◽  
AD Gupta ◽  
A Das
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Uterine Body ◽  
Female Genital

This study was conducted to establish the normal dimensions of the different segments of the female reproductive tract of the Black Bengal goats. The reproductive tracts of 56 adult non-gravid, female Black Bengal goat were collected and biometric parameters of different segments of the female reproductive tracts i.e. vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns, oviducts and ovaries were measured .The lengths of the right and left ovaries were 1.453±0.034 and 1.410±0.026 cm, respectively. Mean weight of left ovary was 0.5944±0.06 gm and that of right ovary was 0.614±0.07 gm in Black Bengal goat. The average numbers of follicle in right and left ovaries were 4.123±0.230 and 3.893±0.229, respectively. The mean lengths of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns and oviduct were 2.671±0.063, 7.132±0.165, 3.348±0.113, 2.50±0.112 and 12.287±0.270 and 10.150±0.228 cm, respectively. The width of the vagina, cervix, uterine body and uterine horn were 3.972±0.098, 1.7551±0.042, 2.739±0.079 and 2.805±0.069 cm, respectively. The average number of curuncle in uterus was 54.714±1.70. A significant difference (p<0.05) between right and left ovaries was found for ovario-bursal adhesion. The mean weight, length and width in the present study were found higher in right ovaries than those of left ovaries. Key wards: Black Bengal goat; biometric parameters; ovary; uterus; cervix; vagina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i1.8609 International Journal of Natural Sciences (2011), 1(1):12-16

scholarly journals Morphological analysis and description of the ovaries of female silky sharks, Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana G. Rêgo ◽  
Fábio H. V. Hazin ◽  
Joaquim Evêncio Neto ◽  
P. G. V. Oliveira ◽  
Maria Goretti Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
Anterior Section ◽  
Simple Cubic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carcharhinus Falciformis

This work aims to study the female reproductive tract of silky sharks, Carcharhinus falciformis, captured in the South and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Samples were collected between January 2008 and March 2010 through oceanic commercial vessels that targeted tuna and swordfish, with a total of 17 females collected. The methodologies followed for analyzing the ovaries of those females included both macroscopic and histological analysis. Macroscopically, it was possible to determine that the ovaries on these sharks is suspended by mesenteries in the anterior section of the body cavity, heavily irrigated by blood vessels, and contains a wide range of oocytes. Ovaries were found in three distinct maturational stages: Stage I (Immature), Stage II (Maturing) and Stage III (Mature). Immature ovaries were small, with widths ranging from 1.0 to 3.1 cm, and had a gelatinous or granulose internal structure; maturing ovaries were slightly larger, ranging in width between 5.2 and 6.0 cm; mature ovaries ranged in width between 6.5 and 7.8 cm, and had a more rounded shape and the presence of large and well developed oocytes. Under microscopic examination, it was observed that the ovaries were covered with simple epithelial tissue during the early development stages and a simple cubic epithelium in the final stages of maturation. During the initial maturation stages the epigonal organ was not differentiated from the ovary. In mature specimens, the ovary showed a simple cubic epithelium and just below this epithelium there was a layer of dense connective tissue and muscle with the presence of vitellogenic oocytes and fat cells. A thin yolk membrane enclosing the oocytes was also evident. Finally, it was possible to distinguish a zona pellucida, separating the oocytes from the follicle wall and a basal lamina between the granular layers and the teak layer.

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