Nesting biology and distribution of Stenancistrocerus (Paratropancistrocerus) obstrictus (Morawitz, 1895) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4718 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER V. FATERYGA
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Nest Construction ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lateral Walls

Nesting of Stenancistrocerus obstrictus was studied in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Ten nests were observed, six of them were dissected and their structure was studied. The nests were located in preexisting holes in a clayey cliff. Females searched for a place for the nest during more than a day. The holes with nests were 2.5–10.5 cm in length and 3–4 mm in diameter. Nest entrances were surmounted by laced earthen turrets curved downwards. The maximum length of a turret was 2 cm; the turrets had more laced structure at their distal ends while they became more solid towards the base. Nests consisted of a row of 3–10 cells separated by thin mud partitions. The cells were 5–9 mm in length. All lateral walls of the cells, as well as the vestibular cell were lined with a thin layer of mud. Females collected the building material outside the nests; they mixed clayey earth with regurgitated liquid and formed mud pellets used for the nest construction. Complete nests were sealed by final plugs; their turrets were dismantled by the females. The provision was tiny larvae of an unidentified curculionid beetle; several dozens of them were stored per cell. No parasites and associates were found in the nests. Reproductive success amounted to 92%. Adult feeding was recorded on flowers of Tamarix hohenackeri. The species is univoltine; hibernation occurs at the prepupa stage. Adult wasps are active from the end of May to the end of July. Nesting biology of the genus Stenancistrocerus and its phylogenetic position are discussed. Such a type of the nesting could be regarded as intermediate between nesting in various preexisting cavities and the excavation of burrows in an earthen substrate. The distribution of S. obstrictus is summarized; it includes Russia (Astrakhan Prov., Kalmykia, Stavropol Terr., Dagestan), Armenia, and Azerbaijan; the presence of the species in Eastern Europe is confirmed. The lectotype of Odynerus obstrictus Morawitz, 1895 is designated. 

Republic of Moldova in the Context of Regional Security Challenges in Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Stefan Tibuleac
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Strategic Uncertainty ◽  
European Security ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

This article analyzes the most current security issues for the Republic of Moldova that are part of the regional security context of Eastern Europe –the region that can be considered the epicenter of international tensions through which the„geopolitical line of fracture”passes. The geographical position of the Republic of Moldova makes this state particularly sensitive to any negative trends in theregion. Growing of international tensions creates security threats and complicates economic development. From a historical point of view, Moldova has repeatedly fallen victim by the confrontation of the great powers. Therefore, the Republic of Moldova has a vital interest in preventing a new conflict in Eastern Europe. This article is based on a number of assumptions made by changes in the European security environment, such as the „shift of weight” to the East, strategic uncertainty, increasing the role of non-state actors, the situation in eastern Ukraine, etc. Based on these assumptions, this article makes an attempt to outline the potential role of the Republic of Moldova in the Eastern European security system, taking into account the desideratum for integration of the republic into the European Union. Other relevant factors will be taken into account for shaping the role of the Republic of Moldova in the European security system, namely: the security deficit; the impact of NATO and EU security policy; the rebirth of the project to create a regional defense alliance, etc. This article will largely take into account the military aspects of security. Keywords: Republic of Moldova, national security, Eastern Europe, NATO, Intermarium, defence, threats, risks, challenges

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and gonorrhoea treatment in the Republic of Belarus, Eastern Europe, 2009–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliaksandra Aniskevich ◽  
Iryna Shimanskaya ◽  
Iryna Boiko ◽  
Tatyana Golubovskaya ◽  
Daniel Golparian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
First Line ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Background Limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae are available in Eastern Europe. We investigated AMR in N. gonorrhoeae isolates in the Republic of Belarus from 2009 to 2019, antimicrobial treatment recommended nationally, and treatment given to patients with gonorrhoea. Methods N. gonorrhoeae isolates (n = 522) cultured in three regions of Belarus in 2009–2019 were examined. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight antimicrobials was performed using Etest. Resistance breakpoints from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing were applied where available. A Nitrocefin test identified β-lactamase production. Gonorrhoea treatment for 1652 patients was also analysed. Statistical significance was determined by the Z-test, Fisher’s exact test, or Mann-Whitney U test with p-values of < 0.05 indicating significance. Results In total, 27.8% of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 24.7% to ciprofloxacin, 7.0% to benzylpenicillin, 2.7% to cefixime, and 0.8% to azithromycin. No isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, or gentamicin. However, 14 (2.7%) isolates had a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.125 mg/L, exactly at the resistance breakpoint (MIC > 0.125 mg/L). Only one (0.2%) isolate, from 2013, produced β-lactamase. From 2009 to 2019, the levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were relatively high and stable. Resistance to cefixime was not identified before 2013 but peaked at 22.2% in 2017. Only sporadic isolates with resistance to azithromycin were found in 2009 (n = 1), 2012 (n = 1), and 2018–2019 (n = 2). Overall, 862 (52.2%) patients received first-line treatment according to national guidelines (ceftriaxone 1 g). However, 154 (9.3%) patients received a nationally recommended alternative treatment (cefixime 400 mg or ofloxacin 400 mg), and 636 (38.5%) were given non-recommended treatment. Conclusions The gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was high, however, the resistance to azithromycin was low and no resistance to ceftriaxone was identified. Ceftriaxone 1 g can continuously be recommended as empiric first-line gonorrhoea therapy in Belarus. Fluoroquinolones should not be prescribed for treatment if susceptibility has not been confirmed by testing. Timely updating and high compliance with national evidence-based gonorrhoea treatment guidelines based on quality-assured AMR data are imperative. The need for continued, improved and enhanced surveillance of gonococcal AMR in Belarus is evident.

Concepts for reconstruction of the maritime economy of the polish underground state...in the years 1940–1944

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (324) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Bogdan Chrzanowski
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Military

The regaining of the country’s independence, and then its revival after the war damages, including itseconomic infrastructure – these were the tasks set by the Polish government in exile, first in Paris and thenin London. The maritime economy was to play an important role here. The Polish government was fullyaware of the enormous economic and strategic benefits resulting from the fact that it had a coast, withthe port of Gdynia before the war. It was assumed that both in Gdynia and in the ports that were to belongto Poland after the war: Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, Gdańsk, Elbląg, Królewiec, the economic structure was to betransformed, and they were to become the supply points for Central and Eastern Europe. Work on thereconstruction of the post-war maritime economy was mainly carried out by the Ministry of Industry, Tradeand Shipping. In London, in 1942–1943, a number of government projects were set up to rebuild the entiremaritime infrastructure. All projects undertaken in exile were related to activities carried out by individualunderground divisions of the Polish Underground State domestically, i.e. the “Alfa” Naval Department of theHome Army Headquarters, the Maritime Department of the Military Bureau of Industry and Trade of the Headof the Military Bureau of the Home Army Headquarters and the Maritime Department of the Departmentof Industry Trade and Trade Delegation of the Government of the Republic of Poland in Poland. The abovementionedorganizational units also prepared plans for the reconstruction of the maritime economy, and theprojects developed in London were sent to the country. They collaborated here and a platform for mutualunderstanding was found.

Copper Use, Cultural Change and Neolithization in North-Eastern Europe (c. 5500–1800 BC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerkko Nordqvist ◽  
Vesa-Pekka Herva
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Material World ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
The Republic

In the context of northern Europe, copper use started early in eastern Fennoscandia (Finland and the Republic of Karelia, Russia), sometime after 4000 BC. This article explores this Stone Age copper use in eastern Fennoscandia in relation to broader cultural developments in the region between the adoption of pottery (c. 5500 BC) and the end of the Stone Age (c. 1800 BC). Stone Age copper use in north-eastern Europe has conventionally been understood in terms of technology or exchange, whereas this article suggests that the beginning of copper use was linked to more fundamental changes in the perception of, and engagement with, the material world. These changes were associated with the Neolithization of eastern Fennoscandia, which started earlier than has traditionally been thought. It is also argued that the adoption, use, and manipulation of new materials played an active role in the emergence of the Neolithic world in north-eastern Europe and beyond. Also, issues related to the Finno–Russian border dividing up eastern Fennoscandia and its effects on the study of early metal use and other prehistoric cultural processes are discussed.

scholarly journals Political and Economic Decisions and Competition – What is the Efficient Antimonopoly Policy?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Irakli Lekvinadze
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
The Republic

This article discusses the influence of economic decisions which affect the antitrust and competition support policies. Many countries provide governmental initiatives for improving antirust legislation. There is an effort to develop efficient legislation, to define market boundaries, to identify dominating companies, and to prevent cartel development. A review of the literature has shown that refined legislation does not work. Qualified and non-politicized economic decisions are required to provide fair and equitable competition in the marketplace. The discussions of various researchers are profiled on the economic issues. This article analyzes The Republic of Georgia’s 20 year unique market experiences in Eastern Europe. Recommendations have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of an anti-monopoly policy.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF TRAINING EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN EASTERN EUOROPE

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryhub Ilona
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
The Republic

In the article has been singled out features of the classification of Eastern Europe countries according to the professional training of experts in the field of education (systematicity and length of training); founded the tendencies of professional training of experts in the field of education in countries of Eastern Europe: general tendencies (in particular: orientation of training of experts in the field of education in quality assurance; implementation of professional training of experts in the field of education in masters training, postgraduate education and non-governmental organizations; the introduction of seminars, workshops and conferences as forms of training of experts in the field of education; election of future experts in the field of education among experienced teachers; election of candidates are offered by universities, rectors conferences, schools and universities, students parliaments, national academic associations and employers’ organizations; implementation of the official Code of Ethics in professional activities of experts in the field of education; introduction of state and public control over the activity of experts in the field of education; exchange of experience of expert activity in the international cooperation); specific tendencies (in particular: entrance examination / briefing by experts in the field of education (the Republic of Lithuania); preparation of experts in the field of education at the level of the master’s degree in higher educational institutions (the Republic of Latvia); professional training of experts in the field of education in different forms (seminars, advanced training courses, postgraduate studies) (Russian Federation) etc.

scholarly journals The hoard of temple rings from the hillfort of Baroniki (Viciebsk)

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Victoryia N. Tarasevich ◽  
Vasily M. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to two temple rings, which are a part of the hoard from the hillfort of Baroniki (Viciebsk). Temple rings are now kept in the National Historical Museum of the Republic of Belarus. The absence of direct analogies and the circumstances of finding of things allowed G. V. Shtyhau to date this complex very approximately. Therefore, the aim of the research is to clarify the dating of the hoard. According to the authors, this can be done on the basis of the analysis of the stylistic features of the appearance of the rings and, thus, to identify traditions that could affect their creating. It was established that the «ornamental motifs» used in the making of rings from Baroniki were widespread in the forest and forest steppe zones of Central and Eastern Europe during the Migration Period. Due to this, the rings can be dated from the end of the 5th century to the end of the 7th – beginning of the 8th century. The results of the research can be used as a source for the reconstruction of the womenʼs jewelry attire of the population of the Belarusian Dzvina Region in the second half of the 1st millennium AD.

scholarly journals “Non-Union State”: the Republic of Belarus in the memory wars of Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
Andrei Aleksandrovich Linchenko
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Non Union ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The subject of this research is the position of Belarus in the memory wars of Russia and Eastern European countries of the two recent decades. Based on P. Bourdieu&rsquo;s theory of symbolic power, as well as comparative analysis of the key stages of the historical politics of Russia and Belarus as the members of the Union State, the author explores the causes and peculiarities of electoral neutrality of Belarus in the memory wars of Russia and Eastern European countries. Analysis is conducted on the theoretical-methodological aspects of the concept of &ldquo;memory wars&rdquo;. Content analysis of the relevant research reveals the specificity of the Belarusian case with regards to correlation between domestic and foreign historical politics. The specificity of the forms of post-Communism that have established in Russia and Belarus, the difference in the pace of historical politics of the last three decades, as well as the evolution of the political regime of Alexander Lukashenko contributed to the formation of peculiar position of the Republic of Belarus in the memory confrontation between Russia and its Eastern European neighbors. The internal manifestation of such position was the desire to displace the conflicts between memory communities in the republic, the movement of memory to the periphery of cultural-information space, while the external manifestation was strive for electoral neutrality (memory isolationism) in the memory wars in Eastern Europe. Such position is aimed not so much at supporting Russia&rsquo;s memory initiatives, but at solving the relevant political and economic challenges, using historical politics as the instrument for promoting the own interests.

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