scholarly journals Lower Sorbian (New) Speakers: Questions Worth Asking

Author(s):  
Joanna Chojnicka

Lower Sorbian (New) Speakers: Questions Worth AskingThis article discusses the results of a sociolinguistic survey conducted among speakers of Lower Sorbian in autumn/winter 2020/2021. Lower Sorbian is an endangered Slavic language spoken in Lower Lusatia, a region located in the federal state of Brandenburg in eastern Germany. As is the case with many other minority languages, efforts are currently being undertaken to revitalize it and ensure its survival for future generations. Since home transmission of Lower Sorbian has practically ceased completely, the burden of revitalization is increasingly being carried by so-called new speakers, i.e. speakers who have acquired the language, usually via institutional education and often as adults.The online survey, available both in Lower Sorbian and German, consisted of 30 questions divided into four sections: General information, Language use/linguistic practices, Lower Sorbian identity and community, and Opinions and attitudes. Its goal was to gather general information on the Lower Sorbian speaker community and on how it operates. Although the survey did not target new speakers specifically, it was expected to be completed mostly by this speaker group. It was designed to provide an overall picture of new speaker profiles, to be explored in depth later in the project during individual sociolinguistic interviews and focus group discussions. The questionnaire was distributed via familiar speaker networks and completed by 78 respondents (43 in German and 35 in Lower Sorbian).As the number of Lower Sorbian speakers is not known, the results of the survey cannot be considered representative. They do, however, provide important and interesting information about a group of speakers who are mostly of working age, well-educated and living predominantly in Cottbus or the surrounding area. They make an effort to speak the endangered language in professional and social/cultural contexts, they are aware of its precarious situation and they care about its survival. Most of our respondents have learned the language — or are still learning it — via institutional education, which makes them new speakers. Through multiple diagrams that represent the survey results in an easy-to-follow way, complemented by examples of respondents’ comments to the questionnaire, the article paints a general picture of these speakers, their motivations, language practices and future hopes and aspirations. (Nowi) użytkownicy języka dolnołużyckiego — pytania warte zadaniaW artykule omówiono wyniki ankiety socjolingwistycznej przeprowadzonej wśród użytkowników/-czek języka dolnołużyckiego jesienią/zimą 2020/2021. Dolnołużycki to zagrożony język słowiański, występujący na Dolnych Łużycach, regionie leżącym w Brandenburgii, we wschodnich Niemczech. Podobnie jak w przypadku wielu innych języków mniejszościowych, obecnie podejmuje się wysiłki rewitalizacyjne w celu jego zachowania dla przyszłych pokoleń. Ponieważ domowa transmisja dolnołużyckiego praktycznie całkowicie ustała, ciężar rewitalizacji języka w coraz większym stopniu spoczywa na tzw. nowych użytkownikach/-czkach (ang. new speakers), którzy/-re nauczyli/-ły się języka zwykle poprzez edukację zinstytucjonalizowaną i często już jako osoby dorosłe.Ankieta online dostępna zarówno po dolnołużycku, jak i niemiecku składała się z 30 pytań podzielonych na cztery sekcje: Informacje ogólne, Użytkowanie języka / praktyki językowe, Tożsamość i społeczność dolnołużycka, oraz Opinie i postawy. Celem badania było zebranie ogólnych informacji na temat społeczności użytkowników/-czek dolnołużyckiego i jej funkcjonowania. Chociaż ankieta nie była skierowana wyłącznie do new speakers, oczekiwano, że zostanie wypełniona głównie przez tę grupę i wyłoni ogólny obraz profili nowych użytkowników/-czek, który zostanie pogłębiony w dalszej części projektu podczas indywidualnych wywiadów socjolingwistycznych i dyskusji w grupach fokusowych. Ankieta, rozprowadzona za pośrednictwem rozpoznanych wcześniej sieci społecznych, wypełniona została przez 78 respondentów/-tek (43 w języku niemieckim i 35 w dolnołużyckim).Chociaż liczba osób posługujących się dolnołużyckim nie jest znana, wyników badania prawdopodobnie nie można uznać za reprezentatywne. Dostarczają one jednak ważnych i interesujących informacji o grupie osób, w większości w wieku produkcyjnym, dobrze wykształconych, mieszkających głównie w Cottbus lub w jego okolicach, usiłujących używać zagrożonego języka w kontekstach zawodowych i społeczno-kulturowych, świadomych tego, w jak niepewnej sytuacji znajduje się dolnołużycki i jak ważna jest dbałość o jego przetrwanie. Większość respondentów/-ek nauczyła się języka — lub nadal się go uczy — poprzez edukację instytucjonalną, co czyni ich/je przedstawicielami/lkami new speakers. Za pomocą licznych diagramów, które w jasny sposób przedstawiają wyniki ankiety, uzupełnionych przykładami komentarzy respondentów/ek, artykuł zarysowuje ogólny obraz użytkowników/-czek dolnołużyckiego, ich motywacji, praktyk językowych oraz przyszłych nadziei i aspiracji.

Author(s):  
Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska ◽  
Cordula Ratajczak

Languages and cultures in contact. The place of new speakers in the education system in Upper LusatiaUpper Sorbs are a Slavic minority group living in eastern Germany. The number of Upper Sorbian speakers is diminishing. Upper Sorbs, the majority of whom are Catholics, have a strong ethnic identity based on language, faith, and tradition and they form a rather closed community in relation to the surrounding German population. To counteract the process of language loss, the Sorbs have established an educational project called ‘Witaj’. The continuation of this project is the `2 plus’ program of bilingual education in schools, which has been implemented by the federal state of Saxony. The idea behind these initiatives is to connect native Upper Sorbian speakers and learners in order to facilitate the achievement of language competence and to break down existing ethnic boundaries. The realisation of this concept has encountered numerous problems. The German-speaking pupils involved often feel unmotivated to learn Sorbian and are often rejected by the Sorbian-speaking community as (potential) members.This article presents the results of a research project examining the way young people from German-speaking homes who attend one of the Upper Sorbian middle schools acquire Sorbian language competence and how they create an identity in relation/opposition to their Sorbian-speaking peers. The analysis is based on the sociolinguistic observations of language practices conducted in the school in 2017 and on interviews with both native speakers and learners of Upper Sorbian. The article focuses on the following issues: relations between language practices, the necessary conditions for the active use of minority languages by learners, language and interpersonal contact, the acceptance of new speakers, and the creation of ‘communities of practice’. Języki i kultury w kontakcie. Miejsce nowomówców w systemie edukacji na Górnych ŁużycachŁużyczanie są słowiańską mniejszością zamieszkującą we wschodniej części Niemiec. Liczba osób posługujących się językami łużyckimi, w tym językiem górnołużyckim, stale maleje. Górnołużyczanie, w przeważającej mierze katolicy, tworzą raczej zamkniętą wspólnotę, opartą o silną tożsamość etniczną, język, wiarę i tradycje. Aby przeciwdziałać procesowi utraty języka, Łużyczanie stworzyli program „Witaj”, którego kontynuacją był stworzony przez land Saksonii program dwujęzycznego nauczania „2 plus”. Celem tych programów było połączenie rodzimych użytkowników łużyckiego oraz dzieci uczących się go, aby umożliwić tym ostatnim zdobywanie kompetencji językowych i przełamać istniejące granice etniczne. Realizacja tego pomysłu napotyka jednak liczne problemy. Uczniowie niemieckojęzyczni często czują się niezmotywowani do uczenia się górnołużyckiego, często są też odrzucani przez łużyckojęzyczną wspólnotę jako (potencjalni) użytkownicy łużyckiego.Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczących sposobu, w jaki młodzi ludzie z niemieckojęzycznych domów chodzący do jednej z górnołużyckich szkół średnich, zdobywają kompetencje językowe i jak tworzą swoją tożsamość w relacji lub opozycji do ich łużyckojęzycznych kolegów. Analiza oparta jest o socjolingwistyczne obserwacje praktyk językowych, prowadzonych w szkole w 2017 roku, i na wywiadach z uczniami górnołużycko- i niemieckojęzycznymi. Tekst koncentruje się na relacji między praktykami językowymi, warunkami niezbędnymi do tego, żeby język mniejszościowy mógł być aktywnie używany przez uczących się i tworzeniem relacji między ludźmi, poczucia akceptacji oraz wspólnot praktyki.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Ning Sa ◽  
Xiaojun (Jenny) Yuan

AbstractWith the development of mobile technologies, voice search is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives. By investigating the general usage of voice search and user perception about voice search systems, this research aims to understand users’ voice search behavior. We are particularly interested in how users perform voice search, their topics of interest, and their preference toward voice search. We elicit users’ opinions by asking them to fill out an online survey. Results indicated that participants liked voice search because it was convenient. However, voice search was used much less frequently than keyboard search. The success rate of voice search was low, and the participants usually gave up voice search or switched to keyboard search. They tended to perform voice search when they were driving or walking. Moreover, the participants mainly used voice search for simple tasks on mobile devices. The main reasons why participants disliked voice search are attributed to the system mistakes and the fact that they were unable to modify the queries.


Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Rachel Lange ◽  
Kimberly Nelson

Despite gains by women in many professional fields, the top level of local government management ranks continues to be populated primarily by man. The percentage of females serving as local government chief administrators has not increased since the 1980s. Little empirical research exists that attempts to uncover the reason for the gender gap. The purpose of this research is to identify some of the obstacles and barriers that affect a woman’s decision to advance her career in local government. Utilizing an online survey, the authors surveyed female chief administrative officers (CAOs), assistant CAOs, assistant to the CAOs, and deputy CAOs in Illinois. The survey results show that barriers such as a male dominated culture and time commitment to work life and family life are preventing females from achieving higher authority. Mentoring proves to be a positive solution to many of the barriers facing women in local government.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilie Tăucean ◽  
Matei Tămășilă ◽  
Larisa Ivascu ◽  
Șerban Miclea ◽  
Mircea Negruț

Sustainability and leanness are organizational approach concepts for more efficient activities and increased competitiveness. This paper presents a study and an application of the concepts of sustainability and lean, with the purpose to capitalize on the benefits of the two concepts’ tools when used together in an industry and education activity. A literature review was carried out to evaluate qualitatively and empirically the concepts of sustainability, lean, and enterprise games, and the possibility to integrate the first two concepts into a new tool applied into an enterprise game. An online survey was done to identify which tools are used within companies in the region, how and what training methods they used, and what the reported benefits are. The survey results were used to design a new tool integrated in a new enterprise game (SLIM) developed by the authors. The game was tested and validated in educational laboratory with students and actual employees from companies. The game follows the frame of an enterprise game, considering the simulation of enterprise classical functions. The game’s purpose is to improve the activity in successive rounds. A scorecard is used to fill in and compute the key performance indicators (KPIs), and a new indicator is proposed (SLIMx). Applications of the instrument/game include: students’ training in an educational laboratory; lifelong learning; professional training in companies; and professional perfection/reconversion of potential employees and the unemployed. The SLIM game was simulated in a team of 15 players over three rounds, with teachers playing the role of the supervisor. A number of possible improvements have been identified. The next step is testing it in enterprises with various fields of activity. SLIM has proven to be an effective solution to improve organizational efficiency and motivate players to gain new knowledge.


Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Young ◽  
Marie Kotzur ◽  
Lauren Gatting ◽  
Carissa Bonner ◽  
Julie Ayre ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Uptake of vaccination against COVID-19 is key to controlling the pandemic. However, a significant proportion of people report that they do not intend to have a vaccine, often because of concerns they have about vaccine side effects or safety. This study will assess the impact of theory-based messages on COVID-19 vaccination intention, drawing on the Necessity-Concerns framework to address previously reported beliefs and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination, and assess whether hypothesised variables (illness coherence, perceived necessity and concerns) mediate change in vaccination intention. Trial design Prospective, parallel two-arm, individually randomised (1:1) trial. Participants Adults aged over 18 years, living in Scotland and not vaccinated for COVID-19. A quota sampling approach will be used with the aim of achieving a nationally representative sample on gender, region and ethnic group, with oversampling of individuals with no educational qualifications or with only school-level qualifications. Intervention and comparator Intervention: Brief exposure to online text and image-based messages addressing necessity beliefs and concerns about COVID-19 vaccination. Comparator: Brief exposure to online text and image-based messages containing general information about COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Main outcomes Primary outcome: Self-reported intention to receive a vaccine for COVID-19 if invited, immediately post-intervention. Secondary outcomes: Self-reported COVID-19 illness coherence, perceived necessity of a COVID-19 vaccine and concerns about a COVID-19 vaccine, immediately post-intervention. Randomisation Quasi-randomisation performed automatically by online survey software, by creating a variable derived from the number of seconds in the minute that the participant initiates the survey. Participants starting the survey at 0-14 or 30-44 seconds in the minute are allocated to the intervention and 15-29 or 45-59 seconds to the comparator. Blinding (masking) Participants will not be blinded to group assignment but will not be informed of the purpose of the study until they have completed the follow-up survey. Investigators will be blinded to allocation as all procedures will be undertaken digitally and remotely without any investigator contact with participants. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) A total of 1,094 will be randomised 1:1 into two groups with 547 individuals in each. Trial Status Protocol version number 1.0, 26th February 2021. Recruitment status: Not yet recruiting, set to start April 2021 and end April 2021. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04813770, 24th March 2021. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Jialin Fan ◽  
Andrew P Smith

(1) Psychology must play an important role in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between the perceptions of information overload and wellbeing in China during the initial phase of COVID-19. (2) Methods: The present research involved a cross-sectional online survey, which controlled for established predictors of wellbeing and the perception of general (not COVID-19-specific) information overload. The setting of the research was China, February 2020. A total of 1349 participants completed an online survey, and the results from 1240 members of the general public who stated that they were uninfected are reported here (55.6% female; 49.4% single; age distribution: 17–25 years: 26%; 26–30 years: 24.3%; 31–40 years: 23.9%; 41–50 years: 16.2%; 51 years+: 9.6%; the most frequent occupations were: 21.5% students; 19.5% teachers; 25.9% office workers; 10.8% managers, plus a few in a wide range of jobs). The outcomes were positive wellbeing (positive affect and life satisfaction) and negative wellbeing (stress, negative affect, anxiety and depression). (3) Results: Regressions were carried out, controlling for established predictors of wellbeing (psychological capital, general information overload, positive and negative coping). Spending time getting information about COVID-19 was associated with more positive wellbeing. In contrast, perceptions of COVID-19 information overload and feeling panic due to COVID-19 were associated with more negative wellbeing. (4) Conclusions: These results have implications for the communication of information about COVID-19 to the general public and form the basis for further research on the topic.


Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Maciej Walędziak ◽  
Anna Różańska-Walędziak ◽  
Paweł Bartnik ◽  
Joanna Kacperczyk-Bartnik ◽  
Andrzej Kwiatkowski ◽  
...  

Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented restrictions have changed the functioning of healthcare systems worldwide. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of the present epidemiological situation on patients’ decisions about undergoing weight loss surgery. Methods: data were collected from 906 bariatric patients by the means of a national online survey, the majority of whom were women (87.9%). The survey started on 9 April 2020 and was open until 28 April 2020. The questionnaire included multiple choice and open questions, divided into three chapters: general information about the patient, life during the COVID-19 pandemic, and bariatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: despite the pandemic and the associated risk of COVID-19 infection, 443 responders (48.9%) would have decided to undergo bariatric surgery. Awareness of the negative impact of obesity on the course of COVID-19 illness had only marginable impact on patients’ decision-making (76.6% vs. 75.3%; p < 0.80). Contact with COVID-19 prior to the survey had a negative impact on the willingness to undergo bariatric surgery (3.0% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.55). There was a positive correlation between the BMI and preference for bariatric surgery in the time of the pandemic (37.4 ± 9.0 vs. 34.9 ± 8.7; p < 0.001). Conclusions: the level of awareness about the advantages of operative treatment of obesity is high among bariatric patients. The majority of patients awaiting bariatric surgery at the moment of the survey were positive about undergoing bariatric surgery despite the increased risk of a serious course of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, a large proportion of patients was determined to have bariatric treatment even during the pandemic, being aware of the increased risk of worse pace of COVID-19 disease in case of obesity and related diseases.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Ángel Rosa-Alcázar ◽  
José Luis Parada-Navas ◽  
María Dolores García-Hernández ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Murillo ◽  
Pablo J. Olivares-Olivares ◽  
...  

Background: The main aim was to examine changes in coping strategies, anxiety and depression in obsessive–compulsive and schizophrenia patients during COVID-19, in addition to controlling the influence of intolerance to uncertainty and experiential avoidance. Method: The first time, the study comprised (15–30 April 2020) 293 patients, 113 of whom were diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder, 61 with schizophrenia and 119 healthy controls, aged 13–77 years (M = 37.89, SD = 12.65). The second time (15–30 November), the study comprised 195 participants (85 obsessive–compulsive patients, 42 schizophrenic patiens and 77 healthy controls participants). The evaluation was carried out through an online survey. Results: The clinical groups worsened over time in cognitive coping, anxiety and depression, while the control group only worsened in depression. Intergroup differences in anxiety, depression and coping strategies were maintained, highlighting the use of some maladaptive strategies (avoidance, spiritual) in clinical groups. Experiential avoidance and tolerance for uncertainty mainly affected coping. Conclusions: The duration of COVID-19 not only produced changes in anxiety and depression in clinical groups but also in coping strategies to face this pandemic and its consequences.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Berberov ◽  
Mihail Tamarkin ◽  
Galina Prokopec ◽  
Valeriy Lebedev

General information about devices, their classification and structure is presented; theoretical bases of basing, taking into account the specifics of the choice of basing schemes when choosing technological bases; designs of the main elements of machine tools, methods of their precision and power calculations of devices; design features of devices for various technological systems of mechanical processing, including CNC; features of control and measuring devices; individual issues of mechanization, automation, unification and standardization of devices; methods of designing special devices. Special attention is paid to the educational and methodological support of practical training of specialists. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of secondary vocational education institutions studying in the specialty 15.02.08 "Technology of mechanical engineering".


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakeun Koo

PurposeThe present study aims to examine how consumers evaluate the extended human brands of athlete celebrities beyond their unique brand personality associated with sports. Athlete celebrities' unique image in sports is used as a human brand, and attitude toward the athlete brand extensions is investigated when the athlete's name is included in a new non-sport brand. The concepts of brand extensions were employed to develop the ideas of human brand extensions.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 198 participants answered online survey questions before and after being informed of athlete brand extensions. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is utilized to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe survey results indicated that athlete–product fit and image transfer positively influenced attitude toward the extension. In addition, attitude toward the athlete brand extensions was significantly influenced by consumers' pre-existing attitude toward the celebrity; however, not by celebrity's expertise.Originality/valueThe research findings imply that some brand extension concepts are applicable to human brands to understand the effectiveness of athlete brand extensions for non-sport products.


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