scholarly journals Human–Autonomy Teaming: A Review and Analysis of the Empirical Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082096086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O’Neill ◽  
Nathan McNeese ◽  
Amy Barron ◽  
Beau Schelble
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autonomous Agent ◽  
Research Environments ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
Agent Characteristics ◽  
Shared Objective

Objective We define human–autonomy teaming and offer a synthesis of the existing empirical research on the topic. Specifically, we identify the research environments, dependent variables, themes representing the key findings, and critical future research directions. Background Whereas a burgeoning literature on high-performance teamwork identifies the factors critical to success, much less is known about how human–autonomy teams (HATs) achieve success. Human–autonomy teamwork involves humans working interdependently toward a common goal along with autonomous agents. Autonomous agents involve a degree of self-government and self-directed behavior (agency), and autonomous agents take on a unique role or set of tasks and work interdependently with human team members to achieve a shared objective. Method We searched the literature on human–autonomy teaming. To meet our criteria for inclusion, the paper needed to involve empirical research and meet our definition of human–autonomy teaming. We found 76 articles that met our criteria for inclusion. Results We report on research environments and we find that the key independent variables involve autonomous agent characteristics, team composition, task characteristics, human individual differences, training, and communication. We identify themes for each of these and discuss the future research needs. Conclusion There are areas where research findings are clear and consistent, but there are many opportunities for future research. Particularly important will be research that identifies mechanisms linking team input to team output variables.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Empirical Literature: Gifted Education in the Australian Context

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Luburic ◽  
Jennifer L. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
North American ◽  
Gifted Education ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Australian Context ◽  
Research Themes

Gifted education as a field of research in Australia is relatively young when compared with its North American counterparts. A reflection of how the field of gifted education has developed from 1983 to 2017 in this context allows for observations of previous research and current trends, and how these may influence future directions for the field. Empirical research published in peer-reviewed journals is one metric that can be used to undertake this reflection, including the individuals responsible for the research, the setting where the research is undertaken, and outlets where resulting findings are published, as well as the research themes that dominate research agendas. Longitudinally, these metrics are part of the narrative that construct Australian gifted education. Reflecting on how the field developed provides an understanding of how research and practice have evolved and what future research and innovations are possible.

Empirical Research and Paranormal Beliefs: Going beyond the Epistemological Debate in Favour of the Individual

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
François P. Mathijsen
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Epistemological Debate ◽  
The Individual

A brief look at the empirical literature of the past ten years reveals the clear debate raging over the pertinence of paranormal study to the field of psychology. Each of the arguments put forward by sceptics and believers is the product of the epistemological context in which they find themselves. Each addresses a different issue, using different terminology and different scientific approaches. However, these studies do reveal certain personality traits among paranormal believers who use their paranormal beliefs to exercise mental control and organisation, to cope with and manage anxiety, while moderating this with a certain emotional intelligence. Anxiety could well be a common factor underlying all aspects of the personalities of paranormal believers. It seems necessary therefore to leave psychology out of any epistemological debate, in order to enable the study of how being a paranormal believer helps or hinders the individual and their relationships. Refocusing on the experiences of the individual may provide a consensus for future research in this field.

Review of the Theoretical, Empirical, and Clinical Status of Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Lo ◽  
Maree J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Axis I ◽  
High Standards

Clinical perfectionism has been implicated as a transdiagnostic construct involved in the aetiology, maintenance, and course of a wide range of Axis I disorders. Typically characterised by the setting of unrealistically high standards for performance, perfectionism has been suggested to be associated with a number of negative psychological outcomes. Moreover, it has been suggested that the process in which perfectionists set and strive for their high performance standards, including the way in which they revaluate such standards, may be maintained by a number of maladaptive cognitive, affective, and behavioural constructs. However, how such factors may differ across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism remains unclear. This article reviews the adaptive and maladaptive conceptualisations of perfectionism and critically examines the empirical literature pertaining to the cognitive-behavioural model of clinical perfectionism. In addition, we also review outcomes of intervention studies that have focused on altering dysfunctional cognitions when treating clinical perfectionism. Clinical implications of these findings and directions for future research are also explored.

scholarly journals Firm Growth: A review of the empirical literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Rolando Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Determining Factors

The objective of this research is to review and unify the empirical literature that identifies the determining factors for firm growth. A list of 165 articles forms the backbone of the present review of the empirical literature on firm growth. Based on this review, we provide a synthesis of numerous determinant factors associated with firm growth. Specifically, we enumerate and detail the determining factors in three blocks: entrepreneur’s idiosyncratic features, firm’s internal factors, and factors external to the firm. The work provides a better understanding of the complex process of growth, shows the shortcomings in empirical research on the growth of the firm and presents directions for future research. 

Understanding Adoptive Families

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. O'Brien ◽  
Kathy P. Zamostny
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Parent Child Communication ◽  
Research Designs

Contrary to societal stereotypes about adoption, this integrative review of published empirical research on adoptive families noted several positive and few negative out-comes with regard to satisfaction with the adoption, familial functioning, and parent-child communication. The critical analysis of 38 studies on adoptive families revealed a prevalence of descriptive passive research designs with concomitant concerns regarding sampling and generalizability. However, despite their limitations, the studies form the foundation for future research that, if replicated, provide support for viewing most adoptive families as resilient. To contribute to the empirical literature on adoption, counseling psychologists should base research in theory, study societal and cultural factors affecting adoptive families, improve methodology, and focus on resiliency and successful out-comes for adoptive families.

Relationships Between the Processes of Emergence and Abstraction in Societies

2009 ◽  
pp. 288-304
Author(s):  
Eric Baumer ◽  
Bill Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Autonomous Agent ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Future Research Directions

This chapter presents an argument that the process of emergence is the converse of the process of abstraction. Emergence involves complex behavior resulting from simple rules, while abstraction forming simple rules that describe complex behavior. This converse relationship suggests the possibility that similar mechanisms underlie both processes, and a greater understanding of one can lead to a greater understanding of the other. Especially in the case of human and artificial social systems, the processes of abstraction and emergence are inextricably interconnected; the abstractions that individuals make will determine what behaviors emerge, and the behaviors that emerge in the society determine what abstractions will be made. This relationship between the two processes, which we call the abstraction-emergence loop, can be used to gain a better understanding of both. It is argued that the abstraction-emergence loop functions over various degrees of complexity and levels of detail, and that the loop has the greatest efficacy in certain ranges of detail. This way of understanding the two processes has particular bearing on social interactions; in order to understand macro-level emergent social phenomena, we must also simultaneously understand the micro-level phenomena from which they arise. In considering when emergence occurs, the role of the observer in the emergence abstraction loop is also discussed. In addition to describing various properties of the abstraction-emergence loop, this chapter presents descriptions of several ongoing and future research projects in the creation of autonomous agent societies, and offers pointers to future research directions aimed at exploring and understanding the nature of the abstraction-emergence loop. Such an understanding of the relationship between abstraction and emergence can be helpful in designing communities of autonomous agents that interact socially with each other and with humans, and may also be a helpful step toward understanding the phenomena of emergence and abstraction in general.

scholarly journals Sexual Addiction 25 Years On: A Systematic and Methodological Review of Empirical Literature and an Agenda for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Grubbs ◽  
Camille Hoagland ◽  
Brinna N. Lee ◽  
Jennifer T. Grant ◽  
Paul Michael Davison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Addiction ◽  
Present Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Compulsive Sexual Behaviors

In 1998, Gold and Heffner authored a landmark review in Clinical Psychology Review on the topic of sexual addiction that concluded that sexual addiction, though increasingly popular in mental health settings, was largely based on speculation, with virtually no empirical basis. In the more than two decades since that review, empirical research around compulsive sexual behaviors (which subsumes prior research about sexual addiction) has flourished, ultimately culminating in the inclusion of a novel diagnosis of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder in the eleventh edition of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases. The present work details a systematic review of empirical research published between January 1st, 1995 and August 1st, 2020 related to compulsive sexual behaviors, with a specific focus on evaluating the methodologies of that literature. This review yielded 371 papers detailing 415 individual studies. In general, the present review finds that, although research related to compulsive sexual behaviors has proliferated, much of this work is characterized by simplistic methodological designs, a lack of theoretical integration, and an absence of quality measurement. Moreover, the present review finds a virtual absence of high-quality treatment-related research published within this time frame. Implications of these findings for both clinical practice and future research are discussed.

Resilience of public and private security providers: a state-of-the-art literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Vanessa A.S. Laureys ◽  
Marleen Easton
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Guards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the empirical literature on the resilience of public police officers and private security guards in stressful situations involving threats, violence, accidents or death. This paper studies the definitions of resilience used in these professions, identifies trends in applied research methods and examines the main topics addressed in previous research. Design/methodology/approach A scoping review was carried out, with searches in Web of Science and Google Scholar, as well as a secondary manual screening in Dutch academic journals. Based on this review, 33 empirical studies were included in the current paper. Findings First, it was revealed that a clear-cut definition of resilience applied to public police and private security guards is currently lacking. Second, predominantly quantitative designs were found to be used in the selected studies. Third, the 33 empirical studies provided insights on four main topics: demographic factors, personal characteristics, interpersonal aspects and resilience training programs. Remarkably, this scoping review did not find any empirical research on the resilience of private security guards. Originality/value This study systematically integrates the findings of empirical research on the resilience of security providers to stressful situations. The documentation of research activity, gaps and inconsistencies in the literature offer direction for future research in this relatively new field of study.

Yogic Intervention in Sexual Dysfunction - A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshith K. R. ◽  
Shivakumar . ◽  
Kaushal Sinha ◽  
Vijeth Kumar L. A.
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
The Mind

Yoga is an ancient practice with Eastern roots that involves both physical postures (Asanas) and breathing techniques (Pranayamas). Yoga therapy for male sexual problems can effectively be treated through Yoga therapy, particularly with the help of Yoga poses and breathing exercises, Yoga has proven itself highly very effective in the treatment of a number of incurable and sometimes terminable diseases. Then again, Yoga's therapeutic effects are just a spin-off and supplementary. Yoga which has proved to be very effective in the treatment of many impossible and incurable diseases, the therapeutic effect of Yoga is only a by product and incidental. Problems related to sex can very well be handled with Yoga as most often these problems are more related to the mind than body. Either they are caused by lack of confidence or stress or fatigue or fear and very few times some physical cause is there. There is also a cognitive component focusing on meditation and concentration, which aids in achieving the goal of union between the self and the spiritual. Although numerous empirical studies have found a beneficial effect of Yoga on different aspects of physical and psychological functioning, claims of Yoga's beneficial effects on sexuality derive from a rich but no empirical literature. The goal of this article is to review the philosophy and forms of Yoga, to review the no empirical and (limited) empirical literatures linking Yoga with enhanced sexuality, and to propose some future research avenues focusing on Yoga as a treatment for sexual disorder.

scholarly journals Effects of Steel Fiber Percentage and Aspect Ratios on Fresh and Harden Properties of Ultra-High Performance Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Rajib Kumar Biswas ◽  
Farabi Bin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haque ◽  
Afra Anam Provasha ◽  
Zahid Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
High Performance Fiber

Steel fibers and their aspect ratios are important parameters that have significant influence on the mechanical properties of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Steel fiber dosage also significantly contributes to the initial manufacturing cost of UHPFRC. This study presents a comprehensive literature review of the effects of steel fiber percentages and aspect ratios on the setting time, workability, and mechanical properties of UHPFRC. It was evident that (1) an increase in steel fiber dosage and aspect ratio negatively impacted workability, owing to the interlocking between fibers; (2) compressive strength was positively influenced by the steel fiber dosage and aspect ratio; and (3) a faster loading rate significantly improved the mechanical properties. There were also some shortcomings in the measurement method for setting time. Lastly, this research highlights current issues for future research. The findings of the study are useful for practicing engineers to understand the distinctive characteristics of UHPFRC.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document