scholarly journals Thermally insulating extruded foams laminated with barrier films

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
VA Woodcraft ◽  
J Arionus ◽  
RT Fox
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Barrier Films ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Extruded Foams ◽  
Insulation Performance ◽  
Over Time

Extruded styrenic foam can provide considerable insulation performance, making it a suitable material for a wide variety of building applications. Its thermal resistance over time is heavily influenced by the diffusion rate of oxygen and nitrogen from the ambient air environment into the cellular structure, and which, if moderated, can lead to still more effective systems. Application of a barrier to surfaces of the foam as a means to provide more controllable gas exchange can be accomplished through use of multilayer ethylene vinyl alcohol-based polymeric films designed specifically for the purpose. Behavior of barrier-faced foam systems with respect to cell gas content, mechanical properties, thermal insulation performance over time, and barrier integrity is described, along with potential benefits of its use in practice.

Economic Analysis of Residents’ Health Potential Benefits from PM2.5 Reduction Caused by New Ambient Air Quality Standard in Beijing

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 3371-3375
Author(s):  
Xiu Teng Wang ◽  
Ya Jing Zhang ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
Dong Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standard ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

PM2.5 pollution causes great health hazards, which will finally result in much economic loss. In China, it is first time to take PM2.5 as a general limitation factor in the revised version of "Ambient Air Quality Standard". In this work, we take Beijing as investigation objective, choose five kinds of typical health impacts, and make rough economic estimation of the potential benefits from the decrease of PM2.5 concentration through the epidemic-doses model in a quantitative point of view. Assuming the PM2.5 pollution is controlled well and satisfies the requirement of Grade 2 and 1 of new standard, 1681 and 2269 million Yuan will be saved in Beijing considering only health aspects. So it is necessary to take PM2.5 into the new ambient air quality standard as a general indicator, which is overall beneficial for environment and economy.

Effects of ambient air particles on mortality in Seoul: Have the effects changed over time?

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 684-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honghyok Kim ◽  
Hyomi Kim ◽  
Jong-Tae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Magnetic and Microwave Properties of Polycrystalline Gadolinium Iron Garnet

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Nabilah Shafiee ◽  
Raba’ah Syahidah Azis ◽  
Ismayadi Ismail ◽  
Rodziah Nazlan ◽  
Idza Riati Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microwave Properties ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Microwave Loss

The microwave loss in nanosized GdIG particles synthesized using mechanical alloying technique was investigated. There were very few of research on the microwave properties of nanosized particle GdIG and there is no attempt investigating on the material at C-band frequency range and its correlation with the microstructure. Gadolinium (III) iron oxide and iron (III) oxide, α-Fe2O3 were used as the starting materials. The mixed powder was then milled in a high-energy ball mixer/mill SPEX8000D for 3 hours. The samples were sintered at temperature 1200°C for 10 hours in an ambient air environment. The phase formation of the sintered samples was analyzed using a Philips X’Pert Diffractometer with Cu-Kα radiation. Complex permeability constitutes of real permeability and magnetic loss factor were measured using an Agilent HP4291A Impedance Material Analyzer in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1 GHz. A PNA-N5227 Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) was used to obtain the information on ferromagnetic linewidth broadening, ΔH that represents the microwave loss in the samples in in frequency range of 4 to 8 GHz (C-band). The ΔH value was calculated from the transmission (S21) data acquired from VNA. The single phase GdIG showed low initial permeability and low magnetic loss when applied with low-frequency range energy. From these data, it is validated that GdIG is a suitable material for microwave devices for the high-frequency range.

Chromatic acoustic condition monitoring of transformers

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Deakin ◽  
Duncan H. Smith ◽  
Joseph W. Spencer ◽  
Darren Jones ◽  
Nigel Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Condition Indicators ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Tap Changer ◽  
Transformer Equipment ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an approach for continuous acoustic condition monitoring of transformers based on chromatic principles for abstracting information on individual acoustic events as well as secondary trends in the behaviour of the events. Design/methodology/approach – The potential benefits of condition monitoring of high-value transformer equipment are explored, and an approach based on chromatic information abstraction is illustrated and discussed. Findings – Tracking of large numbers of complex and variable individual acoustic events over time using a chromatic approach appears to offer a means for remote operators to evaluate mechanical transformer tap changer condition in a traceable manner. Originality/value – The condition monitoring is retrofittable and non-intrusive, and the approach may be applied generically for combining condition indicators for overall health-checking. A complex system behaviour may be operationally simplified without discarding the complexity.

The Hidden Role of Teachers: Child and Classroom Predictors of Change in Interracial Friendships

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Cappella ◽  
Diane L. Hughes ◽  
Meghan P. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
European American ◽  
Older Children ◽  
School Year ◽  
American Students ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Predictors Of Change

Children in late elementary and middle school tend to form friendships with same-race peers. Yet, given the potential benefits of cross-race friendships, it is important to understand the individual and contextual factors that increase the likelihood of cross-race friendship over time. Guided by contact hypothesis and systems theory, we examine the student and classroom predictors of change in same-race friendships over 1 school year using a sample of 553 African American and European American students in 53 classrooms. Results suggest that same-race friendships increase over time, with greater increases among European American and older children. Youth externalizing behavior predicted a greater increase in same-race friendships; classroom support predicted less of an increase in same-race friendships from fall to spring. Lastly, African American students in classrooms with greater differential teacher treatment were more likely to engage in cross-race friendships over time. Findings are discussed in light of psychological and educational theories and prior research.

scholarly journals Switching away from Cigarette Smoking with JUUL: Populations of Special Interest

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-504
Author(s):  
Sooyong Kim ◽  
Saul Shiffman ◽  
Gem M. Le
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: In this study, we examined complete switching away from cigarettes across various medico-socio-demographic subpopulations of adult smokers who purchased a JUUL Starter Kit (JSK) electronic nicotine delivery system. Methods: We analyzed trajectories of smoking over 12 months in 17,986 adult smokers who purchased a JSK. Populations of special interest were characterized by race/ethnicity, income, diagnoses of potentially smoking-related illness (SRI), depression, and anxiety. Results: Across all 16 subgroups examined, a consistent pattern of trends was observed where complete switching increased, and dual-use decreased over time. Non-Hispanic Asian race/ethnicity, low income, diagnoses of potential SRI, depression, and anxiety were associated with significantly lower switching rates; however, complete switching rates at month 12 were near 50% for all groups, and surpassed the dual-use rates in all subgroups except for those with potential SRI. Conclusions: Substantial rates of complete switching were consistently achieved across all medico-socio-demographic subgroups 12 months following the purchase of the JSK. The potential benefits of switching with JUUL on smokers are likely to be experienced by a wide range of adult smokers.

scholarly journals Dispersion of OH Radicals in Applications Related to Fear-Free Dentistry Using Cold Plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shahmohammadi Beni ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
K.N. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Atmospheric Plasmas ◽  
Root Canal Disinfection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Dental Cavities

Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) are being used in applications related to dentistry. Potential benefits include tooth whitening/bleaching, the sterilization of dental cavities, and root canal disinfection. Generated reactive species, such as hydroxyl (OH) radicals, play a critical role in the effectiveness of CAPs in dentistry. In the present work, the mandibular jaw and teeth were modeled. The propagation of CAP plume in ambient air was dynamically tracked using the level set method. The transport and dispersion OH radicals away from the nozzle and towards the teeth under treatment were also tracked. The distributions of concentration of OH radicals over the teeth were obtained for nozzle to tooth distances of 2 and 4 mm. The discharge of the OH radicals out of the nozzle was found to be asymmetrical. Interestingly, depending on the type of tooth treated, the dispersion of OH radicals out of the nozzle could be altered. The present model and obtained results could be useful for advancements towards a fear-free dentistry using CAPs.

scholarly journals Air pollution and trajectories of adolescent conduct problems: the roles of ethnicity and racism; evidence from the DASH longitudinal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karamanos ◽  
I. Mudway ◽  
F. Kelly ◽  
S. D. Beevers ◽  
D. Dajnak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Ethnic Minority Children ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose No known UK empirical research has investigated prospective associations between ambient air pollutants and conduct problems in adolescence. Ethnic minority children are disproportionately exposed to structural factors that could moderate any observed relationships. This prospective study examined whether exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations is associated with conduct problems in adolescence, and whether racism or ethnicity moderate such associations. Methods Longitudinal associations between annual mean estimated PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations at the residential address and trajectories of conduct problems, and the potential influence of racism and ethnicity were examined school-based sample of 4775 participants (2002–2003 to 2005–2006) in London, using growth curve models. Results Overall, in the fully adjusted model, exposure to lower concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 was associated with a decrease in conduct problems during adolescence, while exposure to higher concentrations was associated with a flattened trajectory of conduct symptoms. Racism amplified the effect of PM2.5 (β = 0.05 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.10, p < 0.01)) on adolescent trajectories of conduct problems over time. At higher concentrations of PM2.5, there was a divergence of trajectories of adolescent conduct problems between ethnic minority groups, with White British and Black Caribbean adolescents experiencing an increase in conduct problems over time. Conclusion These findings suggest that the intersections between air pollution, ethnicity, and racism are important influences on the development of conduct problems in adolescence.

scholarly journals Working Together on Diverse Tasks: A Longitudinal Study on Individual Workload, Presence and Emotional Recognition in Collaborative Virtual Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Khojasteh ◽  
Andrea Stevenson Won
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Over Time

Numerous studies have shown the potential benefits of collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) for distributed teams. However, there are few longitudinal studies on collaboration in immersive virtual environments, and existing studies mostly examine how pairs or groups adapt over time. In a longitudinal study, we examined what does and does not change over time as individual users adapt to collaboration in virtual environments. In our mixed-methods, exploratory study, we matched 20 participants in random pairs over five sessions. We assigned each participant to complete a different collaborative task, with a different partner, in each session. Our quantitative data analysis and qualitative interview data show that adaptation to VR increased significantly over time. Presence ratings did not show change over time, but participants reported developing new ways to communicate in VR. We also identified patterns indicating a relationship between a person’s emotional state and their partner’s ability to recognize their emotion. We conclude with a discussion of our findings and provide design implications and future directions for designers and researchers in the field.

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