Macroeconomic Policy in Italy and Britain

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Britton ◽  
Fiona Eastwood ◽  
Robin Major
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past

This is the third and last in a series of articles comparing macroeconomic policy in this country and in our largest European neighbours. A comparison with France was published in the Review in November 1984 and with Germany in November last year. The Italian economy is less well known in this country than that of either France or Germany. As a result its achievements may not be so widely appreciated. There have been no doubt, and remain, serious economic problems in Italy, but on balance it is the continued vitality of that country that needs to be better understood. In particular we are bound to ask how economic policy has contributed to economic development in Italy given the very difficult political environment in which it has had to operate for much of the past decade.

scholarly journals Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Pada Masa Daulah Bani Umayyah dan Bani Abbasiyah

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nurul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time

This article is the result of an analysis of economic history in the past which is to answer economic problems during the Umayyad and Abasiyyah Daulah,economic activities carried out during the Daulah Bani Umayyah and BaniAbasiyyah. This research uses the Historical Method by using secondarysources originating from December. which literature has been previouslyreviewed and analyzed. While in the approach the writer uses a historicalapproach. This approach is used by the author in order to reveal the economicproblems of the Umayyad and Abasiyyah Bani. From the research results, itcan be seen that the development of Islamic economics in the Umayyad andAbbasid dynasties was an economic policy formed based on the ijtihad of thefuqoha and ulama as a consequence of the increasingly distant time spanbetween the Prophet's life and the reign. The abbasiyah caliph or the dynasty ofthe children of the abbot, as said to continue the rule of the Umayyad dynasty.His power lasted a long time. During the Abbasiyah dynasty in power wherethe patterns of government applied varied according to political, social andcultural changes. Keywords: Economy, Caliph, Islam

The Political Economy of the Resource Curse

1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
New Research ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth

How does a state's natural resource wealth influence its economic development? For the past fifty years, versions of this question have been explored by both economists and political scientists. New research suggests that resource wealth tends to harm economic growth, yet there is little agreement on why this occurs. This article reviews a wide range of recent attempts in both economics and political science to explain the “resource curse.” It suggests that much has been learned about the economic problems of resource exporters but less is known about their political problems. The disparity between strong findings on economic matters and weak findings on political ones partly reflects the failure of political scientists to carefully test their own theories.

scholarly journals KEYNES’ INTERVENTIONIST-REFORMIST ECONOMIC POLICIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (281) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ferrari Filho ◽  
Fábio Henrique Bittes Terra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Monetary Economies

The article aims at presenting the <em>modus operandi </em>of Keynes’ economic policy –especially fiscal policy, which he reveals as the most important. For that purpose, the article is divided into four sections. First, it starts with a brief introduction. Secondly, it presents an analysis of the dynamic of monetary economies. The third section explores the importance of monetary and exchange rate policies in displaying macroeconomic policy, as well as it presents the Keynes fiscal policy as a counter-cyclical instrument. Lastly, the fourth section offers some final remarks.

scholarly journals Reziliencia a szállodahajó-turizmusban - Resilience in cruise tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Nikolett Pókó
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Made In

Jelen tanulmány a korábbi évtizedek gazdasági fejlődésén és a turisztikai ágazatot érintő világméretű gazdasági problémák példáin keresztül mutatja be a rezilienciaalapú megoldásokat a szállodahajóturizmusban. A reziliencia magában foglalja a rugalmas alkalmazkodás, a találékonyság képességét, amely az elmúlt két évtizedben is erőteljesen jellemezte ezt az ágazatot. A 2020-ban megjelent pandémiát követő próbálkozásokra tekintettel, amelyekkel a hajótársaságok a csődhelyzetet igyekeztek elkerülni, a tanulmány a tudományos elméleteket figyelembe véve mutatja be a szállodahajó-turizmus lehetőségeit. Arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen lehetőséget látnak az ágazat újraindításához, milyen eszközökkel próbálják és lehet visszacsábítani az utasokat, lesz-e még olyan aranykor a szállodahajó-turizmusban, mint a pandémia előtt volt? This study presents resilience-based solutions in cruise tourism through the economic development of previous decades and examples of global economic problems affecting the tourism industry. Resilience includes the ability to adapt flexibly and the ingenuity that has strongly characterized this sector over the past two decades. The study presents the potential of cruise tourism, taking into account scientific theories and view of the post-pandemic attempts made in 2020 by cruise companies to avoid bankruptcy. It looks for whatever opportunity can help to restart the industry, the means they are trying to use and how to lure passengers back. Will there still be a “golden age” in cruise tourism as before the pandemic?

Decentralization and Good Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-304
Author(s):  
Besfat Dejen Engdaw
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Decentralization and good governance are policy instruments whereby the world in general and African in particular have pursued it for the past 40 and 50 years. Despite empirical studies not yet being conclusive, decentralization helps to improve good governance. Decentralization and good governance are brought into Africa following the beginning and end of structural reforms, to bring economic development, respectively. The chapter has six parts. The first part deals with the introduction and background of good governance and decentralization. The second part highlights the meanings or concepts and elements of good governance, and issues and concepts related to decentralization. The third part insights the relationship between decentralization and good governance. The fourth part gives some highlights about decentralization and good governance in Africa, and when and why decentralization has been introduced among African nations. The fifth part investigates the relationship between decentralization, good governance, and economic development; and the last part provides conclusion.

Italian Universities and the Third Mission

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Riviezzo ◽  
Maria Rosaria Napolitano
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Positive Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

This paper examines the diffusion of entrepreneurial activities among Italian universities, the evolution of the organizational models implemented to facilitate such activities and the commitment of the universities to the Third Mission of social and economic development. As previous analyses have shown, Italian universities have only recently moved towards the valorisation and exploitation of their scientific knowledge. In contrast to the varied and in some cases openly hostile attitudes of the past, there now seems to be greater acceptance of and a more positive approach towards entrepreneurship. Many universities have introduced innovations both in the organizational processes and activities of scientific research and in the management of research results. Because empirical evidence is very limited, the authors have used a longitudinal analysis to contribute to debate on the subject, with a discussion of the evolution of universities currently engaged in such activities and identification of possible changes in their cultures.

scholarly journals Mapping Morality: Visible and Invisible Geographies

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Stanley D Brunn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Geography ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Environmental Understanding

Issues related to morality have been discussed in the geography literature off and on for the past fifty years. Since morality deals with correctness—right vs. wrong, good vs. bad, or correct vs. incorrect—it is not difficult to understand how these value labels also exist in geography contexts. The geography literature often deals with morality questions in a light or superficial way which leaves geographers and others wondering if there are more value questions we might address in studying human actions and behavior. Three major foci are addressed in this discussion. The first is to explore moral questions geographers might address when looking at cultural behavior, economic development, social policies, allocation of resources, environmental understanding and interpretation of places and landscapes. The second focus is on mapping moralities, including examples of maps that display visible and invisible geographies about moral places and spaces. The third discusses how this moral thread is worthy of further study in many fields of human and human/environmental geography. A greater understanding these threads will strengthen our understanding and appreciation of “why things are the way they are” but also “why we make decisions that we do” at local and global scales.

Russia’s Social and Economic Policy in 2014: Finding New Frontiers

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Policy Alternatives

The paper deals with the roots and features of current Russian economic problems as a combination of structural and institutional crises, cyclical and external shocks. Mobilization and liberalization are discussed as two key economic policy alternatives. The analysis includes historical retrospection which provides some important lessons from economic development in the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the desirable policy to stimulate economic growth.

scholarly journals Wpływ interwencjonizmu państwowego w XX wieku na współczesną kondycję gospodarczą regionów włoskich

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Noviello
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article deals with the importance of the Italian state intervention in the 20th century in selected sectors of the economy (in regional terms) on the subsequent socio-economic situation of the regions. Due to the observed today very large differentiation of the regions, the question is whether and to what extent the central policy of the Italian state of the post-unification period influenced the disproportions occurring today? The article consists of three main parts: the first outlines the contemporary socio-economic differentiation of the regions, the second presents the economic condition of the regions after the unification of the country, and the position of the state, and the measures it has taken, including repair programs used to improve the socio-economic conditions of the regions, the third part assesses the relevance and legitimacy of the implementation of these measures in the context of the current situation of the country. The aim of the article is to indicate the importance of the role of state policy, and the decisions taken in the past on the contemporary economic condition of Italian regions. Thus, the author attempts to explain the permanent, and in some areas still deepening, differences in the socio-economic development of Italian regions.

The Postwar Italian Economy: Achievements, Problems, and Prospects

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-70
Author(s):  
George H. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Italian Economy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
International Attention ◽  
The Government

WITHIN the past year, the Italian government has revealed a ten-year program, known as the Vanoni Plan, for the development of the Italian economy. By the investment of $56 billion, the government hopes to conquer the problem of chronic unemployment and to revitalize the laggard southern regionof the country. The plan is a bold and imaginative one, replete with government controls, and probably too optimistic. Nonetheless, it has forcefully drawn international attention to Italy's basic economic problems. Hence it is opportune to examine those problems against the perspective of what has been attained by the Italian economy in the past ten years.Compared with northwest Europe, Italy has always been economically poor. Capital is much scarcer and the endowment of natural resources is much less favorable. Deposits of coal and metallic minerals are negligible or lacking, though natural gas production is growing and petroleum has recently been discovered. Arable land is poor in average quality. Only 1.78 hectares areavailable per person engaged in agriculture, one-third less than in France, while total arableland is one-quarter below France although the population of Italy is 10 per cent larger (47.1 million in 1951).

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