A weaving machine for three-dimensional Kagome reinforcements

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Kiju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
3D Textiles ◽  
Future Plans

Two-dimensional or three-dimensional (3D) textiles have been used as reinforcement in composite materials. Most techniques for weaving 3D textiles have been developed to obtain a compact preform so that the final product, the fiber-reinforced composite, has a high volume fraction of fibers with the least fraction of matrix for high strength. Contrarily, this article describes a novel technique for weaving a loose 3D preform called wire-woven bulk Kagome with polymer wires or threads. Firstly, the principle is explained by using a manual loom. A weaving machine is then designed with detailed mechanisms and its prototype is presented. Finally, the benefit, shortcomings, and future plans are discussed.

Instrumentation For Quantitative Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
B. Ralph ◽  
A.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

In all fields of microscopy there is an increasing interest in the quantification of microstructure. This interest may stem from a desire to establish quality control parameters or may have a more fundamental requirement involving the derivation of parameters which partially or completely define the three dimensional nature of the microstructure. This latter categorey of study may arise from an interest in the evolution of microstructure or from a desire to generate detailed property/microstructure relationships. In the more fundamental studies some convolution of two-dimensional data into the third dimension (stereological analysis) will be necessary.In some cases the two-dimensional data may be acquired relatively easily without recourse to automatic data collection and further, it may prove possible to perform the data reduction and analysis relatively easily. In such cases the only recourse to machines may well be in establishing the statistical confidence of the resultant data. Such relatively straightforward studies tend to result from acquiring data on the whole assemblage of features making up the microstructure. In this field data mode, when parameters such as phase volume fraction, mean size etc. are sought, the main case for resorting to automation is in order to perform repetitive analyses since each analysis is relatively easily performed.

scholarly journals High Strength Al–V–M (M=Fe, Co or Ni) Alloys Containing High Volume Fraction of Nanoscale Amorphous Precipitates

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Inoue ◽  
Hisamichi Kimura ◽  
Kenichiro Sasamori ◽  
Tsuyoshi Masumoto
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Volume Fraction ◽  
Ni Alloys

scholarly journals Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipen Rajak ◽  
Durgesh Pagar ◽  
Pradeep Menezes ◽  
Emanoil Linul
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Composites have been found to be the most promising and discerning material available in this century. Presently, composites reinforced with fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining more importance as demands for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications are growing in the market. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers not only high strength to weight ratio, but also reveals exceptional properties such as high durability; stiffness; damping property; flexural strength; and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These wide ranges of diverse features have led composite materials to find applications in mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other manufacturing industries. Performance of composite materials predominantly depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques, therefore, functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials need to be studied in order to figure out the optimized characteristic of the material for the desired application. An overview of a diverse range of fibers, their properties, functionality, classification, and various fiber composite manufacturing techniques is presented to discover the optimized fiber-reinforced composite material for significant applications. Their exceptional performance in the numerous fields of applications have made fiber-reinforced composite materials a promising alternative over solitary metals or alloys.

Improving UV Resistance of Fibers: Idealized Computational Model Predicting the Distribution of UV Blocking Cylindrical Nanoparticles in Protective Polymeric Layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Mohamed Seyam ◽  
Rahul Vallabh ◽  
Ahmed H. Hassanin
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Uv Resistance ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Areal Coverage

High strength fibers such as PBO and Kevlar are used to produce composites, bulletproof vests, tendons of giant scientific balloons, and other high performance products. These fibers, however, are known to degrade upon exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation which causes premature failure of the end-products. Improving UV resistance of high strength fibers like PBO through methods such as adding UV inhibiting particles during filament spinning or dyeing/coating process is not only extremely difficult, but often fails to provide the adequate UV protection. As an alternative to conventional approaches, UV protection of high performance yarns/braids can be effectively achieved by covering them with a polymeric sheath containing dispersed UV inhibiting nanoparticles. In this work, a computational model was developed to optimize critical factors such as thickness (weight) of the protective sheath and the amount of UV blockers for a given particle size, which influence the UV protective efficiency of the sheath. In order to simulate three-dimensional dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, the model considers a random distribution of cylindrical nanoparticles of different size, aspect ratio, and volume fraction in a three-dimensional volume of protective sheath of a given length, width, and thickness. 2D visualization and image analysis techniques were utilized to determine the area projected by the particles on the x-y plane (areal coverage provided by nanoparticles). The areal coverage values obtained from the model were found to be higher than the experimental results due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the sheath caused during the polymer compounding process. However, the purpose of the model is to serve as a benchmarking tool to aid in the design and development of UV protective sheaths and films, and not to estimate absolute UV protection values. Analysis of the relationship between areal coverage and various input parameters in the model show that areal coverage increases with an increase in particle volume fraction and film thickness, and a decrease in particle diameter and length. It was also found that areal coverage was more significantly influenced by particle aspect ratio than by particle length.

scholarly journals Effects of Hooked-End Steel Fiber Geometry and Volume Fraction on the Flexural Behavior of Concrete Pedestrian Decks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jung Lee ◽  
Doo-Yeol Yoo ◽  
Do-Young Moon
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Multiple Cracks ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Volume Fractions ◽  
Steel Rebars

This study investigates the effects of hooked-end fiber geometry and volume fraction on the flexural behavior of concrete pedestrian decks. To achieve this, three different fiber geometries, i.e., three-dimensional (3D), four-dimensional (4D), and five-dimensional (5D), and volume fractions of 0.37%, 0.6%, and 1.0% were considered. Test results indicate that a higher number of hook ends can more effectively enhance the flexural strength and flexural strength margin at all volume fractions than a lower number, so that the order of effectiveness of hooked-end fibers on the flexural strength parameters was as follows: 5D > 4D > 3D. To satisfy the ductility index of 0.39, the amounts of 3D, 4D, and 5D hooked steel fibers should be in the range of 0.98%‒1.10%. Moreover, at a fiber volume fraction of 1.0%, only multiple cracking behaviors were observed, and the numerical results indicated that the volume fraction should be equal to 1.0% to guarantee a deflection-hardening response of pedestrian decks, regardless of the hooked-end fiber geometry. Consequently, a 1.0% by volume of hooked-end steel fiber is recommended to replace the minimum longitudinal steel rebars and guarantee a ductile flexural behavior with multiple cracks for pedestrian decks made of high-strength concrete.

Numerical Simulation for Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Black Filler Particle Reinforced Rubber Matrix Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Xiao Xiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Dimensional Plane

In this paper, the micromechanical finite element method based on Representative Volume Element has been applied to study and analyze the macro mechanical properties of the carbon black filled rubber composites by using two-dimensional plane stress simulations and three-dimensional axisymmetric simulations under uniaxial compression respectively. The dependence of the macroscopic stress-strain behavior and the effective elastic modulus of the composites, on particle shape, particle area/volume fraction and particle stiffness has been investigated and discussed. Additionally, the simulation results of the two-dimensional plane stress model and the three-dimensional axisymmetric model are evaluated and compared with the experimental data, which shows that the two-dimensional plane stress simulations generate poor predictions on the mechanical behavior of the carbon black particle reinforced rubber composites, while the three-dimensional axisymmetric simulations appear to give a better prediction.

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