Long-term neighbourhood effects on immigrant self-employment

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 2733-2753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Wixe
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Neighbourhood Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this article is to analyse how the decision to become self-employed as an adult is influenced by the neighbourhood characteristics experienced during adolescence. The focus is on individuals of foreign background since this is a group that shows low employment rates compared with native Swedes at the same time as the geographic and social separation between individuals of different backgrounds is increasing. The results show that while the short-term effects of segregation on self-employment are negative, individuals who grow up in ethnically segregated neighbourhoods are more likely to become self-employed later in life. In addition, both growing up with and residing with entrepreneurial neighbours have a positive effect on self-employment. Hence, the ethnic and social capital collected during youth seems to persist through adulthood.

Social trust, norms and morality

Human Affairs ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Popper
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe article approaches the topic of social trust from an evolutionary perspective. It begins by summarising the most influential approaches that have defined specific and social trust and ascertains what causes differences in degrees of trust and how the potential risk of deception might be lowered. It then notes that the basis of morality had already been formed during the era of prehistoric man, who was able to create coalitions against aggressors and to socially control the behaviour of deviants. It points out, however, that having a certain predisposition to behaving cooperatively or an increased sensitivity to recognising and not tolerating behaviour aimed at abusing cooperation is not a sufficient guarantee of the fact that people will always (or at least in the majority of situations) favour cooperation over deception. One of the reasons for this is a tendency to favour short-term gains over long-term ones. The article argues that establishing norms (moral, social and legal) produces a higher level of social trust because it not only “encourages” individuals to behave in certain ways in particular situations but also works as a sanction which “discourages” the individual from socially deviant behaviour. The article then focuses on a debate about the causal relationship between social trust and social capital. It discusses the suggestion that political institutions, government and the judiciary may reduce rather than raise levels of social capital and consequently also the level of social trust. This is partly because of their powerful position and the consequent scope for corruption and partly because of the fact that even when attempting to act honestly, representatives of these institutions cannot sufficiently reflect upon dynamic change at the local level. Finally, the article ends by adopting the position that social trust is built primarily from bottom up and so it is risky to continually doubt the very existence and usefulness of social norms and morality and to be governed simply by legal norms.

scholarly journals PENGARUH GLOBALISASI KEPADATAN PENDUDUK DAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI TERHADAP DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safriwan Safriwan ◽  
Idris Idris
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Economic Institute ◽  
Carbon Project ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract : The study describes the effects on globalization population density andeconomic growth on environmental degradation in Indonesia. This research uses a timeseries data from year 1971 - 2017, with method Error Correction Model (ECM). Datasources from Global Carbon Project, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, and WorldBank. Research result explain that (1) Globalization in long term has a insignificantpositive effect on environmental degradation in Indonesia, but short term globalizationhas a insignificant negative effect on environmental degradation in Indonesia (2)Population density in long term has a significant positive , and short term has ainsignificant positive effect on environmental degradation in Indonesia (3) Economicgrowth in long and short term has a significant positive effect on environmentaldegradation in Indonesia.Keywords : Environmental Degradation, Globalization Population Density AndEconomic Growth.

scholarly journals ANALISIS HARGA SAHAM INDEX KOMPAS 100 DENGAN PENDEKATAN ERROR CORRECTION MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
Amir Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this research is to analyze the short term and long term relationship between ROI, EPS, PER ,inflation, SBI, exchange rate,and GDP on Stock Price. The data in this research is company financial statements which included Compas 100 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. statistical analysis in this research used stasionarity test, The Classical Assumptions Test, Cointegration Test, Error Correction Model Test. This research found that partially ROI, EPS, PER variables a positive effect on stock prices in the short term and long term, KURS and SBI a positive effect on stock prices in the short term, but there is no effect in the long term, inflation and GDP do not affect the stock price both in the short term and long term. Simultaneously affected the stock prices significantly affect on stock price both in the short term and long term.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Knowledge-Based Network Structure Hole on Enterprise Innovation Performance: The Threshold Effect of R&D Investment Intensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6155
Author(s):  
Jiajia Hao ◽  
Chunling Li ◽  
Runsen Yuan ◽  
Masood Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of innovation is to consume fewer natural resources in order to create sustainable performance; therefore, innovation can ease the pressure of the ecological load and promote the sustainable development of the economy. Taking the 269 enterprises listed on the main board of the electronic information industry from 2010 to 2019 as samples, using the threshold panel data model, the nonlinear relationship between the knowledge-based network structure hole and the short-term and long-term innovation performance of the enterprises were studied, and the threshold effect of R&D investment intensity was discussed. When the R&D investment intensity is from 1.96% to 15.96%, the knowledge-based network structure hole has a significant positive impact on short-term innovation performance. When the R&D investment intensity is from 5.72% to 10.64%, the knowledge-based network structure hole has a significant positive effect on long-term innovation performance. Lower R&D investment intensity can make the knowledge-based network structure hole promote the increase of short term innovation performance, but to make the knowledge-based network structure hole have a positive impact on long term innovation performance, the R&D investment intensity should be increased by more than 5.72%. When R&D investment intensity is not higher than 15.96%, the knowledge-based network structure hole has a significant positive impact on short term innovation performance, but to make the knowledge-based network structure hole maintain the positive effect on long term innovation performance, R&D investment intensity should not exceed 10.64%. Therefore, enterprises should be guided to optimize the knowledge-based network structure according to the R&D investment intensity in order to improve the short term and long-term innovation performance of an enterprise. These research results can help enterprises to save resources and promote the sustainable development of the economy.

Board evaluation in the top Nordic football clubs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Brunzell ◽  
Sten Söderman
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study if and how the evaluation of the boards in the top Nordic male football clubs affects the boards’ composition and work.Design/methodology/approachThe study includes all the clubs in the two top divisions in each of the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). The study makes use of a questionnaire where 66 (out of 145) chairmen answer 17 questions concerning the board composition and work on a five‐point Likert‐scale.FindingsThe responses were related to whether the board is annually evaluated or not. Descriptive statistics demonstrates that more than half of the clubs have an annual board evaluation. Most common is that the Chairman performs the evaluation himself/herself with help from designated board members; the evaluation being performed through informal discussions. A total of 44 clubs have a nominee committee. Almost all of the clubs transfer the result of the board evaluation to its nominee committee, most commonly verbally. Furthermore, results show that board evaluation has a significant positive effect on the following functions of football boards: review of business plan, strategy, objective and budget; discussion on short‐term development; discussion on long‐term development; and work efficiency.Originality/valueThe results of this study are consistent with a similar study of listed Nordic companies. The main difference between the results of the two studies is that clubs, unlike publicly listed companies, almost always perform the evaluation through internal interviews rarely using external consultants and individual anonymous questionnaires.

scholarly journals The Factors Affecting Islamic Financing for Homeownership

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Neva Sunba Dena ◽  
◽  
Suhel Suhel ◽  
Imam Asngari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Positive Effect

Indonesia has a significant and growing shortfall of housing. Existing supply is in poor condition and demand is rising for new units. Meanwhile, people's purchasing power to buy a house is still relatively low. Government overcomes added stock housing availability by collaborating with private developers to help meet the demand for housing needs. Islamic banks can provide funds to buy houses for the community. This study analyzes the effect of third-party fund (TPF), margin of homeownership financing (PPR), inflation, and household income on Islamic financing for homeownership. The analytical model used in this research is the ordinary least square with the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method in this study is used to see the relationship between the short-term and long-term effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The analytical tool used in this research is Econometric Views (EViews 10 Standard Edition for Windows). The study results show that in the short term, the TPF, PPR margin, inflation, and household income variables have a significant positive effect on homeownership financing in Islamic banks in Indonesia. The long term TPF, inflation, and household income variables have a significant positive effect on homeownership financing in Islamic banks in Indonesia, but the variable of PPR margin has a significant negative impact on sharia financing for homeownership.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIABEL MAKRO EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Feby Kinanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variables including the open unemployment rate, trade balance, inflation rate and the rupiah exchange rate against the dollar on Indonesian economic growth by using the ECM error correction model approach to see the long-term and short-term relationships that influence macro variables on economic growth. , in the long term the open unemployment rate variable, the trade balance, the inflation rate have a negative effect while the exchange rate has a positive effect, while in the short term the open unemployment rate, the inflation rate and the exchange rate have a negative effect while the trade balance has a positive effect.   Keywords: Economic Growth, Open Unemployment Rate, Trade Balance, Inflation, Exchange Rate

scholarly journals Impact of Capital Structure on Profitability:An empirical analysis of listed firms in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Atif Ghayas ◽  
Javaid Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Relationship Capital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to empirically examine and analyze the impact of capital structure decision on the firm’s profitability by using a sample of 35 Indian pharmaceutical companies listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) during the period of 5 years from 2012 to 2016. Regression Analysis is used to measure the extent and nature of the relationship. Capital structure variables used in the study are ratio of long-term debt to total assets (LDA), ratio of short-term debt to total assets (SDA) and ratio of Total debt to total assets (DA) while profitability has been measure by Return on Equity (ROE). Firms Size (SIZE)and Salesgrowth(GROW) are also used as control variables. Results reveal a positive effect of SDA and DA on ROE, while a weak-to-no effect was found of LDA on ROE.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Heni Swastika ◽  
Titik Aryati
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
A Company ◽  
Positive Effect

<p class="Style1"><em>This Thesis is done in order to give empirical prove about Corporate Social </em><em>Responsibily (CSR) related to Company Financial Performance (productivity and value </em><em>of a company). In this Thesis, company's performance devided in short term </em><em>performance and long term performance. Company's short term performance is company's productivy based on Asset Turnover (ATO), while Company's long term </em><em>pe</em><em>4</em><em>formance </em><em>is company's value </em><em>based on Price to Book Value (PBV). Corporate Social Reponsibility (CSR) performance is measured with Sustainability Report Disclosure Index (SRDI). Population used in this thesis is the company that have been registered in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) in a certain period between 2012 until 2014. Total sample for this Thesis are 31 Banking company which is chosen using purposive sampling method. The data for this thesis is analyzed using classical assumption test and hypothesis test using Doubled Linear Regression. This research proves that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) brings positive effect related to Productivity of a Company and Value of a Company.</em></p>

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