Methodological Issues in Research on Physical Child Abuse

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC J. MASH ◽  
DAVID A. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Physical Child Abuse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Many

Considerable effort has been expended over the past 2 decades to advance our knowledge of the causes and cures for child abuse. Although important gains have been made, unfortunately the knowledge base that guides our policies and interventions in the area of physical child abuse still reflects an abundance of clinical folklore and/or research that is seriously methodologically flawed. Many inconsistent and contradictory research findings exist which simply cannot be reconciled because of the many differences in samples, methods, and definitions of independent and dependent variables that characterize studies in this area. These methodological issues are highlighted, with some suggestions for improving the scientific quality of future studies.

Introduction

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Peter Avery ◽  
Alexandra D’Arcy ◽  
Keren Rice
Keyword(s):  
World Englishes ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
The Past ◽  
English Usage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
The Many ◽  
Quality Of Research

The past twenty-five years have seen an enormous growth in research into World Englishes, reflecting a new recognition of the status of the many national English dialects. Canadian English has been no exception to this trend and we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the quantity and quality of research into this variety. The stature it is now accorded as a separate dialect of English is reflected in the number of dictionaries, thesauruses, usage guides, and other reference works published since the late 1990s that were devoted specifically to Canadian English (e.g., Guide to Canadian English usage; Canadian Oxford dictionary; Oxford Canadian Dictionary; Collins essential Canadian English dictionary and thesaurus; Fitzhenry and Whiteside Canadian thesaurus) as well as audio-visual productions (e.g., Dialects of Canadian English; Talking Canadian).

An Integrative Approach to the Assessment and Treatment of Inflammatory Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Liponis ◽  
Bettina Martin
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

The past two decades have seen great progress in recognizing the importance of inflammation in medicine. Increased focus on inflammation in both prevention and treatment has improved outcomes and quality of life in chronic diseases. Science has improved our understanding of inflammation’s many causes and effects on health, and many advances have been made in the availability of targeted therapeutic options for treating inflammation. This chapter gives an overview of recognizing the many causes of inflammation, its many targeted treatments strategies, and the questions that still surround it. It discusses several integrative approaches to reducing inflammation, including exercise, diet, and different strategies for managing sleep, mood, and stress, such as meditation and massage.

Induced testosterone deficiency: from clinical presentation of fatigue, erectile dysfunction and muscle atrophy to insulin resistance and diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Yu ◽  
Abdulmaged M. Traish
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOver the past 60 years, androgen deprivation therapy has been the mainstay of treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. However, research findings suggest that androgen deprivation therapy inflicts serious adverse effects on overall health and reduces the quality of life. Among the adverse effects known to date are insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome fatigue, erectile dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. In this clinical perspective, we discuss the relationship between induced androgen deficiency and a host of pathologies in the course of treatment with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer patients.

Developing a model for participation by children in research on decision making

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mason ◽  
Robert Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Children's Participation ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
Participation In Research

This paper outlines a three-year collaborative research project which aims to involve children and young people, as well as other stakeholders, in exploring strategies to meet the needs of children in care. In this paper we identify some research findings which indicate the importance of children participating in the defining of their needs in care, if these needs are to be responded to more effectively than has been the case in the past. We describe the aims of our three-year project and identify some of the methodological issues of implementing stage one of the project in terms of children’s participation. A conceptual framework is developed to clarify issues related to children’s participation in research and decision making and as a basis for deciding on appropriate research methods to employ in the first stage. Rather than merely outlining the work we have so far undertaken, we have insteadfocussed on reflecting on and analysing the theoretical and methodological challenges to researchers in implementing collaborative and participatory research in decision making with children.

scholarly journals Toward achieving optimal response: understanding and managing antidepressant side effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
The Impact

The safety and tolerability of antidepressants have improved considerably over the past two decades. Nevertheless, antidepressant side effects are still common and problematic. The majority of patients treated with contemporaty agents experience one or more bothersome side effects. These side effects often create barriers to achieving depressive remission, as well as to preventing relapse and recurrence. Clinicians tend to underestimate the prevalence of side effects, and as many as one quarter of patients discontinue their antidepressants because of difficult-to-tolerate side effects; others may continue on antidepressant therapy but experience diminished quality of life related to troublesome side effects. This article reviews the prevalence of side effects, the impact of side effects on treatment adherence, and methodological issues including the challenge of distinguishing side effects from residual depressive symptoms, discontinuation effects, and general medical problems. In addition, we address the most common side effects such as sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbance, apathy and fatigue, and offer strategies for management that may help patients achieve optimal response to pharmacotherapy

scholarly journals School Drug Testing: A Critical Review of the Literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T.L. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Adolescent Substance Abuse ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Studies

This paper explores the question of whether school drug testing is an effective solution to tackle adolescent substance abuse problems. Research studies in major academic databases and Internet websites are reviewed. Several observations are highlighted from the review: (1) there are few research studies in this area, particularly in different Chinese contexts; (2) the quality of the existing studies was generally low; and (3) research findings supporting the effectiveness of school drug testing were mixed. Methodological issues underlying quantitative and qualitative evaluation studies of the effectiveness of school drug testing are also discussed.

Unexpected Challenges for the Translation of Research on Food Interventions to Applications in the Food Industry: Using Flaxseed Research as an Example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant N. Pierce ◽  
Thomas Netticadan
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Health Quality Of Life ◽  
Effective Translation

One of the primary purposes of the studies that life science researchers carry out is to translate their findings into demonstrable impacts in the lives of the general population. If we study the mechanism of heart disease, for example, it is our hope that new therapies or preventative strategies can be created from these mechanistic data. In the field of nutrition, it is the ultimate goal to translate research findings on the health benefits of functional foods and nutraceuticals into products consumed by the public that will benefit their health, quality of life, prevent disease and prolong life. However, the pathway from research on the health benefits of specific foods or food products into industry applications is often a pathway with multiple, unexpected road blocks for the unsuspecting scientist. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to identify these obstacles that have confronted industry translation in the past by using flaxseed research as an example. The ultimate goal of the review is to alert those in research and in the food industry of these translational hindrances in order to avoid them in the future and promote a more rapid and effective translation of food/health research into marketing success.

How Bioethics Can Enrich Medical-Legal Collaborations

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy T. Campbell ◽  
Jay Sicklick ◽  
Paula Galowitz ◽  
Randye Retkin ◽  
Stewart B. Fleishman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
The Many

Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) — collaborative endeavors between health care clinicians and lawyers to more effectively address issues impacting health care — have proliferated over the past decade. The goal of this interdisciplinary approach is to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of patients and families, recognizing the many non-medical influences on health care and thus the value of an interdisciplinary team to enhance health. There are currently over 180 MLPs at over 200 hospitals and health centers in the United States, with increasing federal interest and potential legislative support of this model.This article examines the unique, interrelated, and often similar (although at times conflicting) ethical issues that confront the clinical and legal partners involved in MLPs. We contend that the ethical precepts of the clinical and legal professions should be seen as opportunities, not barriers, to further the interdisciplinary nature of MLPs.

Economics of dementia: A review of methods

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1426-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheelah Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Expected Increase

Given the expected increase in the number of people with dementia in the coming years, it is anticipated that the resources necessary to support those with dementia will significantly increase. There will therefore likely be increased emphasis on how best to use limited resources across a number of domains including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and supporting informal caregivers. There has been increasing use of economic methods in dementia in the past number of years, in particular, cost-of-illness analysis and economic evaluation. This paper reviews the aforementioned methods and identities a number of methodological issues that require development. Addressing these methodological issues will enhance the quality of economic analysis in dementia and provide some useful insights about the best use of limited resources for dementia.

Publication process

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Objective Indicators

The final phase in the research process is the publication of research findings in a paper in scientific journals. Authors who contributed to the developed work are reported in the manuscript. There are now rules and guidelines to help in improving the transparency for the reporting of authorship and contributorship in papers which are discussed in this chapter The appraisal of the quality of scientific and medical can be difficult. Criteria that had been used in the past included journal prestige, the reputation of authors and institution and prestige and estimated importance and relevance of the research field. However, these factors are both qualitative and subjective. Consequently, there is demand for quatitative and objective indicators for evaluating research that is related to published science. The impact factor is perhaps the most widely used indicator that measures and quantifies a journal’s quality.

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