scholarly journals Prediction of regional agro-industrial wastes characteristics by thermogravimetric analysis to obtain bioenergy using thermal process

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Saffe ◽  
Anabel Fernandez ◽  
Germán Mazza ◽  
Rosa Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Application Range ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
One Step ◽  
Standard Techniques

The use of energy from biomass is becoming more common worldwide. This energy source has several benefits that promote its acceptance; it is bio-renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable. To predict its behavior as a fuel during thermal treatment, its characterization is necessary. The experimental determination of ultimate analysis data requires special instrumentation, while proximate analysis data can be obtained easily by using common equipment but, the required time is high. In this work, a methodology is applied based on thermogravimetric analysis, curves deconvolution and empirical correlations for characterizing different regional agro-industrial wastes to determine the high heating value, the contents of moisture, volatiles matter, fixed carbon, ash, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The obtained results are similar to those using standard techniques, showing the accuracy of proposed method and its wide application range. This methodology allows to determine the main parameters required for industrial operation in only in one step, saving time.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Mercury Contents in Polish Coal Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wichliński ◽  
Rafał Kobyłecki ◽  
Zbigniew Bis
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Enrichment Process

Abstract This paper presents the results of the investigation associated with the determination of mercury content in Polish hard coal and lignite samples. Those coals are major fuels used for electricity generation in Poland. The results indicated that the average content of mercury in the coal samples was roughly about 100 ng/g. Apart from the determination of the mercury contents a detailed ultimate and proximate analysis of the coal samples was also carried out. The relationships between the mercury content and ash, as well as fixed carbon, volatile matter, sulfur, and high heating value of the coal samples were also established. Furthermore, the effect of coal enrichment was also investigated, and it was found that the enrichment process enabled the removal of up to 75% of the coal mercury from the samples.

scholarly journals Proof-of-Concept of High-Pressure Torrefaction for Improvement of Pelletized Biomass Fuel Properties and Process Cost Reduction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4790
Author(s):  
Bartosz Matyjewicz ◽  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Pressure Impact ◽  
New Type ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Ratio Energy

This paper provides a comprehensive description of the new approach to biomass torrefaction under high-pressure conditions. A new type of laboratory-scale high-pressure reactor was designed and built. The aim of the study was to compare the high-pressure torrefaction with conventional near atmospheric pressure torrefaction. Specifically, we investigated the torrefaction process influence on the fuel properties of wooden-pellet for two different pressure regimes up to 15 bar. All torrefaction processes were conducted at 300 °C, at 30 min of residence time. The initial analysis of the increased pressure impact on the torrefaction parameters: mass yields, energy densification ratio, energy yield, process energy consumption, the proximate analysis, high heating value, and energy needed to grind torrefied pellets was completed. The results show that high-pressure torrefaction needed up to six percent less energy, whereas energy densification in the pellet was ~12% higher compared to conventional torrefaction. The presence of pressure during torrefaction did not have an impact on the energy required for pellet grinding (p < 0.05).

Lower Heating Value Estimation of Coal Gangue through Proximate Analysis Data Based on GB/T 212-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2699-2703
Author(s):  
Xiu Teng Wang ◽  
Bin Lu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Chen Yi Li ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Lower Heating

The calorific value of coal gangue is an important indicator to assess its quality for comprehensive utilizations. Although the heating values can be measured experimentally with a Bomb calorimeter, an easier and faster approach within an acceptable tolerance is in great demand. Herein, we use an alternative approach to estimate the heating value based on proximate analysis data, which are measured under the instruction of GB/T 212-2008. The lower heating values of coal gangue samples we collected range from 2307 to 8309 kJ/kg, which are key information for the use of coal gangue in principle. We conclude that the sample with calorific value of 8309 kJ/kg can be used as formal fossil fuel; another sample of 5799 kJ/kg can be used for thermal power generation, while the other four are not worth for fuel.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Pelletized and Unpelletized Sunflower Husks Combustion Process in a Batch-Type Reactor

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2484
Author(s):  
Tomasz Turzyński ◽  
Jacek Kluska ◽  
Mateusz Ochnio ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Combustion Reactor

This paper describes characteristics of the combustion of sunflower husk (SH), sunflower husk pellets (SHP), and, for comparison, hardwood pellets (HP). The experiments were carried out using a laboratory-scale combustion reactor. A proximate analysis showed that the material may constitute an alternative fuel, with a relatively high heating value (HHV) of 18 MJ/kg. For SHP, both the maximum combustion temperatures (TMAX = 1110 °C) and the kinetic parameters (temperature front velocity vt = 7.9 mm/min, combustion front velocity vc = 8 mm/min, mass loss rate vm = 14.7 g/min) of the process were very similar to those obtained for good-quality hardwood pellets (TMAX = 1090 °C, vt = 5.4 mm/min, vc = 5.2 mm/min, vm = 13.2 g/min) and generally very different form SH (TMAX = 840 °C, vt = 20.7 mm/min, vc = 19 mm/min, vm = 13.1 g/min). The analysis of ash from SH and SHP combustion showed that it has good physicochemical properties (ash melting point temperatures >1500 °C) and is safe for the environment. Furthermore, the research showed that the pelletization of SH transformed a difficult fuel into a high-quality substitute for hardwood pellets, giving a similar fuel consumption density (Fout = 0.083 kg/s·m2 for SHP and 0.077 kg/s·m2 for HP) and power output density (Pρ = MW/m2 for SHP and 1.5 MW/m2 for HP).

scholarly journals Determination of Time-to-ignition and Flaming Duration of Biomasses in a Muffle Furnace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Aleixo Aleixo Silva ◽  
Natália Carvalho ◽  
Ariane Aparecida Felix Pires ◽  
Elias Ricardo Durango Padilla ◽  
Ana Larissa Santiago Hansted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Time ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Time To Ignition ◽  
Volatile Materials

Abstract Measuring the energy characteristics of solid biofuels can help to determine the most suitable species for combustion. The objective of this study is to propose a new methodology for determining the ignition time and flaming duration in lignocellulosic biomass. A muffle furnace was used, instead of an epiradiador, to measure the variables. The optimal oven temperature was defined according to the average time-to-ignition of biomasses in the literature. Ten biomasses were analyzed to obtain their high heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon content, ash content, time-to-ignition, and flaming duration. The results showed a high correlation between the biomass volatile content, time-to-ignition, and flaming duration. In the literature, it is described that high levels of volatile materials accelerate the ignition of the material. Thus, the association between the volatile matter and the variables analyzed justifies the use of the muffle furnace methodology. Furthermore, biomasses with high levels of volatile matter have longer flaming durations than other solid biofuels.

scholarly journals Determination of Relationship between Higher Heating Value and Atomic Ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon in Spent Coffee Grounds by Hydrothermal Carbonization

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6551
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Park ◽  
Gi Bbum Lee ◽  
Cheol Jin Jeong ◽  
Ho Kim ◽  
Choong Gon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Optimum Reaction

This study was a preliminary investigation of solid recovered fuel production from spent coffee grounds using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technique. The spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were subjected to HTC at 170 to 250 °C. The biochar was characterized by proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, capillary suction time, time to filter, suspended solids, and particle size distribution. The biochar yields decreased with increasing HTC temperature and time. However, the higher heating value (HHV) of biochar increased with the HTC temperature and time. The H/C slop relative to the O/C atomic rate of spent coffee grounds was 0.10 with low decarboxylation selectivity. Considering the HHV of biochar and dehydration capacity depend on ratio of H/C vs. O/C, the optimum reaction temperature of HTC was 200 °C, and the biochar from SCGs is an attractive biochar.

scholarly journals Fuel Characterization Study and Simulation of Dewatered Domestic Wastewater Sludge Gasification Using ASPEN Plus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-963
Author(s):  
Aboubaker AbdallaIbrahim Ali ◽  
Hüseyin Akilli
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Fuel Characterization

Dewatered domestic wastewater sludge (DDWS) is one of the largest contributors of waste material in the world, and it immediately elevates local environmental problems, especially in the urban area. The conversion of this material into a usable form of green energy, such as syngas through gasification, can be a vital solution. Hence, this method not only solves the environmental issues related to DDWS disposal but also participates as an energy source. To achieve this goal, the essential fuel characterization, which includes initial moisture content, high heating value, ultimate analysis, and proximate analysis, were carried out to assess the potential energy in DDWS. Due to the high expenses of the successful design of the gasifier reactor, and there are no efficient methods to predict the gasification performance, the model of the DDWS gasification process using ASPEN Plus software was developed. As ASPEN Plus software does not contain a built-in gasifier reactor model, a combination of various reactors is used to simulate the gasification processes. These processes were divided out into two stages. In the first stage, DDWS was decomposed into its element by specifying yield distribution. By using Gibbs free energy minimization approach, the gasification reactions were modeled. The current model was validated with the previously published work. From the characterization findings, DDWS showed high initial moisture content 84.64% and potential energy with 16.84 MJ/kg high heating value. The proximate analysis based on the dry base of DDWS exhibited that more than 55.42 % of their mass is composed of volatile materials, and ash content is found to be less than 25.79%.

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