scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Pelletized and Unpelletized Sunflower Husks Combustion Process in a Batch-Type Reactor

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2484
Author(s):  
Tomasz Turzyński ◽  
Jacek Kluska ◽  
Mateusz Ochnio ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś
Keyword(s):  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Combustion Reactor

This paper describes characteristics of the combustion of sunflower husk (SH), sunflower husk pellets (SHP), and, for comparison, hardwood pellets (HP). The experiments were carried out using a laboratory-scale combustion reactor. A proximate analysis showed that the material may constitute an alternative fuel, with a relatively high heating value (HHV) of 18 MJ/kg. For SHP, both the maximum combustion temperatures (TMAX = 1110 °C) and the kinetic parameters (temperature front velocity vt = 7.9 mm/min, combustion front velocity vc = 8 mm/min, mass loss rate vm = 14.7 g/min) of the process were very similar to those obtained for good-quality hardwood pellets (TMAX = 1090 °C, vt = 5.4 mm/min, vc = 5.2 mm/min, vm = 13.2 g/min) and generally very different form SH (TMAX = 840 °C, vt = 20.7 mm/min, vc = 19 mm/min, vm = 13.1 g/min). The analysis of ash from SH and SHP combustion showed that it has good physicochemical properties (ash melting point temperatures >1500 °C) and is safe for the environment. Furthermore, the research showed that the pelletization of SH transformed a difficult fuel into a high-quality substitute for hardwood pellets, giving a similar fuel consumption density (Fout = 0.083 kg/s·m2 for SHP and 0.077 kg/s·m2 for HP) and power output density (Pρ = MW/m2 for SHP and 1.5 MW/m2 for HP).

scholarly journals Prediction of regional agro-industrial wastes characteristics by thermogravimetric analysis to obtain bioenergy using thermal process

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Saffe ◽  
Anabel Fernandez ◽  
Germán Mazza ◽  
Rosa Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Application Range ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
One Step ◽  
Standard Techniques

The use of energy from biomass is becoming more common worldwide. This energy source has several benefits that promote its acceptance; it is bio-renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable. To predict its behavior as a fuel during thermal treatment, its characterization is necessary. The experimental determination of ultimate analysis data requires special instrumentation, while proximate analysis data can be obtained easily by using common equipment but, the required time is high. In this work, a methodology is applied based on thermogravimetric analysis, curves deconvolution and empirical correlations for characterizing different regional agro-industrial wastes to determine the high heating value, the contents of moisture, volatiles matter, fixed carbon, ash, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The obtained results are similar to those using standard techniques, showing the accuracy of proposed method and its wide application range. This methodology allows to determine the main parameters required for industrial operation in only in one step, saving time.

scholarly journals Oxy-combustion of biomass in a circulating fluidized bed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kosowska-Golachowska ◽  
Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska ◽  
Adam Luckos ◽  
Krzysztof Wolski ◽  
Tomasz Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Maximum Mass Loss

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate combustion characteristics of biomass (willow, Salix viminalis) burnt in air and O2/CO2 mixtures in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Air and oxy-combustion characteristics of wooden biomass in CFB were supplemented by the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA). The results of conducted CFB and TGA tests show that the composition of the oxidizing atmosphere strongly influences the combustion process of biomass fuels. Replacing N2 in the combustion environment by CO2 caused slight delay (higher ignition temperature and lower maximum mass loss rate) in the combustion of wooden biomass. The combustion process in O2/CO2 mixtures at 30% and 40% O2 is faster and shorter than that at lower O2 concentrations.

Study of Thermal Degradation of Polymers

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1664-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Turekova ◽  
Zuzana Turňová ◽  
Karol Balog ◽  
Martin Pastier
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Fire Characteristics

This article deals with measurements of selected waste polymers in the combustion process. The technology of controlled burning occupies an important position in the process of waste disposal. Therefore it is necessary to assess the behaviour of materials in the process of thermal degradation by fire characteristics. An experiment was conducted in accordance with standard STN ISO 871: 2010 Plastics. Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace. There were studied a mass loss rate of the samples in their degradation and also monitored some products of combustion.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Mercury Contents in Polish Coal Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Wichliński ◽  
Rafał Kobyłecki ◽  
Zbigniew Bis
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Enrichment Process

Abstract This paper presents the results of the investigation associated with the determination of mercury content in Polish hard coal and lignite samples. Those coals are major fuels used for electricity generation in Poland. The results indicated that the average content of mercury in the coal samples was roughly about 100 ng/g. Apart from the determination of the mercury contents a detailed ultimate and proximate analysis of the coal samples was also carried out. The relationships between the mercury content and ash, as well as fixed carbon, volatile matter, sulfur, and high heating value of the coal samples were also established. Furthermore, the effect of coal enrichment was also investigated, and it was found that the enrichment process enabled the removal of up to 75% of the coal mercury from the samples.

scholarly journals Proof-of-Concept of High-Pressure Torrefaction for Improvement of Pelletized Biomass Fuel Properties and Process Cost Reduction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4790
Author(s):  
Bartosz Matyjewicz ◽  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Pressure Impact ◽  
New Type ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
Ratio Energy

This paper provides a comprehensive description of the new approach to biomass torrefaction under high-pressure conditions. A new type of laboratory-scale high-pressure reactor was designed and built. The aim of the study was to compare the high-pressure torrefaction with conventional near atmospheric pressure torrefaction. Specifically, we investigated the torrefaction process influence on the fuel properties of wooden-pellet for two different pressure regimes up to 15 bar. All torrefaction processes were conducted at 300 °C, at 30 min of residence time. The initial analysis of the increased pressure impact on the torrefaction parameters: mass yields, energy densification ratio, energy yield, process energy consumption, the proximate analysis, high heating value, and energy needed to grind torrefied pellets was completed. The results show that high-pressure torrefaction needed up to six percent less energy, whereas energy densification in the pellet was ~12% higher compared to conventional torrefaction. The presence of pressure during torrefaction did not have an impact on the energy required for pellet grinding (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Karakteristik biopelet tempurung kelapa dan serbuk kayu sebagai bahan bakar alternatif

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suyoko ◽  
Kemas Ridhuan ◽  
Untung Surya Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
Teak Wood

Biomass is a solid waste derived from biological material that can be generated as fuel. Biomass includes plantation, agriculture, household, forest waste and waste from the wood industry, one of the uses of biomass is bio-pellet. Bio-pellet is an alternative type of energy in the form of solid fuel made from biomass raw material with a size smaller than the size of briquettes. In this research, raw materials from teak wood, acacia, and sengon wood powder were used as well as a mixture of coconut shell charcoal with tapioca adhesive. This study aims to determine the bio-pellet estimation analysis, determine the heating value required by the bio pellet in the combustion process, and determine the burning characteristics of the three types of bio pellets. The method used in this study was the process of making bio-pellet with the same treatment on each bio-pellet, variations bio pellet will be made is 50% teak wood powder and 50% coconut shell charcoal powder, 50% acacia wood powder and 50% coconut shell charcoal powder, and 50% sengon wood powder and 50% coconut shell charcoal powder. Each bio pellet uses an adhesive mixture of 5% of the raw material. The stages of the testing process are bio pellet in laboratory tests to determine the value of the composition of the levels of heat, water, ash, flying substances, and bound carbon. The next testing process is the testing process of bio pellet combustion using a bio pellet stove with a process of boiling 10 liters of water, with fire temperature, water temperature, and the remaining fuel measured. All was done at UM Metro 2 campus. The results of bio pellet testing in the laboratory stated that the highest value was in sengon bio pellet with heating value of 5815.19 cal/g, water content of 5.82%, the ash content of 9.77%, levels of flying matter 69.37%, and carbon content bound 19, 41%. For the high heating value of bio pellet burning is 784.92 kcal/hour. Then the best efficiency is the sengon bio- pellet with a value of 55%.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Characteristics of Catalysis Synergy during Co-Combustion for Coal Gasification Fine Slag with Bituminous Coal and Bamboo Residue

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Yixin Zhang ◽  
Wenke Jia ◽  
Rumeng Wang ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
Fanhui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

As a kind of solid waste from coal chemical production, the disposal of coal gasification fine slag poses a certain threat to the environment and the human body. It is essential for gasification slag (GS) to realize rational utilization. GS contains fewer combustible materials, and the high heating value is only 9.31 MJ/Kg, which is difficult to burn in combustion devices solely. The co-combustion behavior of the tri-fuel blends, including bituminous coal (BC), gasification slag (GS), and bamboo residue (BR), was observed by a thermogravimetric analyzer. The TGA results showed that the combustibility increased owing to the addition of BC and BR, and the ignition and burnout temperatures were lower than those of GS alone. The combustion characteristics of the blended samples became worse with the increase in the proportion of GS. The co-combustion process was divided into two main steps with obvious interactions (synergistic and antagonistic). The synergistic effect was mainly attributed to the catalysis of the ash-forming metals reserved with the three raw fuels and the diffusion of oxygen in the rich pore channels of GS. The combustion reaction of blending samples was dominated by O1 and D3 models. The activation energy of the blending combustion decreased compared to the individual combustion of GS. The analysis of the results in this paper can provide some theoretical guidance for the resource utilization of fine slag.

scholarly journals Fuel Characterization Study and Simulation of Dewatered Domestic Wastewater Sludge Gasification Using ASPEN Plus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-963
Author(s):  
Aboubaker AbdallaIbrahim Ali ◽  
Hüseyin Akilli
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Fuel Characterization

Dewatered domestic wastewater sludge (DDWS) is one of the largest contributors of waste material in the world, and it immediately elevates local environmental problems, especially in the urban area. The conversion of this material into a usable form of green energy, such as syngas through gasification, can be a vital solution. Hence, this method not only solves the environmental issues related to DDWS disposal but also participates as an energy source. To achieve this goal, the essential fuel characterization, which includes initial moisture content, high heating value, ultimate analysis, and proximate analysis, were carried out to assess the potential energy in DDWS. Due to the high expenses of the successful design of the gasifier reactor, and there are no efficient methods to predict the gasification performance, the model of the DDWS gasification process using ASPEN Plus software was developed. As ASPEN Plus software does not contain a built-in gasifier reactor model, a combination of various reactors is used to simulate the gasification processes. These processes were divided out into two stages. In the first stage, DDWS was decomposed into its element by specifying yield distribution. By using Gibbs free energy minimization approach, the gasification reactions were modeled. The current model was validated with the previously published work. From the characterization findings, DDWS showed high initial moisture content 84.64% and potential energy with 16.84 MJ/kg high heating value. The proximate analysis based on the dry base of DDWS exhibited that more than 55.42 % of their mass is composed of volatile materials, and ash content is found to be less than 25.79%.

scholarly journals Bananaroot Waste Valorization as Alternative Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S6) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fuel Pellet ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Open Dumping ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Behaviour ◽  
Decomposition Behaviour

Around the world, one of the significant difficulties confronting numerous countries is the energy crisis and proper disposal of waste. 'Jalgaon' a city in the state of Maharashtra (India) is referred to as 'Banana City' as it produces half of the state's Banana production. In Jalgaon, banana cultivation is carried out in about 45,000 hectares of land. Here, the accumulation of waste roots post-harvest, about 67000 MT, is huge, creating environmental issues. The open dumping of waste roots occupies a huge problem limiting the valuable space in the field. The purpose of this study was to explore an appropriate method to dispose of the banana root waste efficiently. No study has been reported yet to effectively use banana root waste as fuel pellet. In this work, pellets were made out of the banana root waste, without additional binder, and the combustion properties such as proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, high heating value, and thermal decomposition behaviour were studied. The high heating value of the pellets was observed as 16.29 MJ/kg. The results of ash elemental analysis by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) detector showed that ash can be used as adsorbent and fertiliser. The work attempts to convert the banana root into a fuel of good commercial value thereby addressing the waste disposal issue after harvest.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DE MDF E SEU APROVEITAMENTO NA PRODUÇÃO DE PELLETS

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Thammi Queuri Gomes Da Cunha ◽  
Pedro Vilela Gondim Barbosa ◽  
Pedro Augusto Fonseca Lima ◽  
Thalles Santiago Pimentel ◽  
Lucas Lemes de Souza Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
Volatile Materials

O processamento dos painéis de MDF, para a fabricação de móveis, gera uma grande quantidade de resíduos que constituem passivo ambiental, podendo ser utilizados para geração de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características do resíduo de MDF e seu aproveitamento na produção de pellets, visando a aplicação energética. A caracterização energética do resíduo foi realizada por meio da química imediata (teores de cinzas, voláteis e carbono fixo) e do poder calorífico superior. Além disso, foram produzidos e avaliados pellets (características energéticas e físico-mecânicas). A avaliação das características do resíduo: poder calorífico superior (4427,8 kcal.kg-1) e química imediata (carbono fixo, materiais voláteis e cinzas foram 16,3; 82,3 e 1,4%, respectivamente) e dos pellets de MDF: densidade aparente (1,15 g.cm-3), a granel (0,61 g.cm-3), energética (2,6 a 5,5 Gcal.m-3) e durabilidade (99,87%) indicaram a viabilidade técnica do aproveitamento do material como fonte energética. As características energéticas e físico-mecânicas dos pellets de MDF atenderam as especificações de qualidade exigidas nas normas internacionais de comercialização, exceto para o diâmetro médio.Palavras-chave: materiais densificados, potencial energético, painéis. CHARACTERIZATION OF MDF RESIDUE AND ITS USE IN PELLET PRODUCTION ABSTRACT:The processing of MDF panels, for the manufacture of furniture, generates a large amount of residues that constitutes an environmental liability, and can be used for power generation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of the MDF residue and its use in the production of pellets, aiming at the energetic application. The energetic characterization of the residue was carried out by means of the proximate analysis (ash, volatile and fixed carbon contents), calorific value. In addition, pellets were produced and evaluated (energy and physico-mechanical characteristics). The evaluation of the characteristics of the residue: high heating value  (4427.8 kcal kg-1) and proximate analysis (fixed carbon, volatile materials and ash were 16.3, 82.3 and 1.4%, respectively) and pellets: density (1.15 g cm -3), bulk density (0.61 g cm -3), energy density (2.6-5.5 Gcal m-3) and durability (99.87 %) indicated the technical feasibility of using the material as an energy source. The energy and physical-mechanical characteristics of MDF pellets met the quality specifications required by international marketing standards, except for the average diameter.Keywords: densified materials, energetic potential, panels. DOI:

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