Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Diabetes in the African Immigrant Population of Sacramento County, California

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetes in the African immigrant population in Sacramento County, California. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sacramento County, California, from June to August 2018. The convenience sample included 126 African immigrants aged 21 years and older. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) level, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured per standard methods. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and χ2 test at value of P < .05. Results Of 126 adult individuals included in this study, 32 (25.4%) had diabetes, of whom 25 (19.8%) were previously diagnosed and 7 (5.6%) represented new cases of diabetes. Also, 36 (28.6%) had prediabetes, of whom 24 (19.1%) had previously been told they had prediabetes and 12 (9.5%) represented new cases of prediabetes. Diabetes and prediabetes were significantly higher among participants in the age group of 36 to 60 years, married, employed full-time, and those with hypertension, high blood cholesterol, and participating in 0 to 2 days per week of moderate physical activities. Only one-fifth of all participants with previously known diabetes or previously on treatment had a good glycemic control status. Conclusions The present study found a high prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, and multiple risk factors of diabetes in the African immigrant population, as well as a poor glycemic control among those with diabetes, calling for urgent attention. Strategies aimed to improving a healthy lifestyle in the African immigrant population are necessary to reduce the burden of diabetes.

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Should the quality of glycemic control guide dental implant therapy in patients with diabetes? Focus on implant survival

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399817666210806120300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Dalia Nourah ◽

Salwa Aldahlawi ◽

Sebastiano Andreana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Implant Failure ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Marginal Bone Loss ◽

Good Glycemic Control ◽

Implant Therapy

Introduction: Optimal glycemic control is crucial to dental implant long-term functional and esthetic success. Despite HbA1c levels of 7% or lower used as an indicator for good glycemic control, however, this level may not be attainable for all diabetic patients. Most dentists do not consider patients with poor glycemic control candidates for implant therapy due to higher implant failure, infection or other complications. Aim: This review challenges the concept of one size fits all and aims to critically appraise the evidence for the success or failure rate of dental implants and peri-implant health outcomes in patients with less-than-optimal glycemic control. Discussion: Evidence suggests that estimating glycemic control from HbA1c measurement alone is misleading. Moreover, elevated preoperative HbA1c was not associated with increased mortality and morbidity after major surgical procedures. Literature for the survival or success of implants in diabetic patients is inconsistent due to a lack of standardized reporting of clinical data collection and outcomes. While a number of studies report that implant treatment in patients with well-controlled diabetes has a similar success rate to healthy individuals, other studies suggest that the quality of glycemic control in diabetic patients does not make a difference in the implant failure rate or marginal bone loss. This discrepancy could indicate that risk factors other than hyperglycemia may contribute to the survival of implants in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In the era of personalized medicine, the clinician should utilize individualized information and analyze all risk factors to provide the patient with evidence-based treatment options.

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Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2017.2.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 155-159

Author(s):

Zhian S. Ramzi ◽

Mahfoodh A. Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Microalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia. In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.

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Low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes and current good glycemic control - one-center retrospective assessment

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-021-02871-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paulina Surowiec ◽

Bartłomiej Matejko ◽

Marianna Kopka ◽

Agnieszka Filemonowicz-Skoczek ◽

Tomasz Klupa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

De Novo ◽

University Hospital ◽

Specialist Care ◽

Good Glycemic Control ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Purpose Despite progress in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) therapy, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still a common complication. We analysed predictors and prevalence of DR in patients with T1DM lasting 10 years or more. All of the patients were considered to be currently in excellent glycemic control and treated using modern therapies. Methods Study included 384 (80.7% women) T1DM patients participating in the Program of Comprehensive Outpatient Specialist Care at the University Hospital in Krakow between the years 2014 and 2020. A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted. Results The patients were on average 34 ± 9.2 years old, had a BMI 25.0 ± 3.9 and a T1DM duration of 20.5 ± 7.9 years. The mean level of HbA1c throughout the follow-up (mean duration 4.9 ± 1.4 years) was 6.9 ± 1%. The group included 238 (62.0%) patients treated with insulin pumps and 99 (25.8%) on multiple daily injections, 47 (12.2%) used both methods; almost all patients were on insulin analogues. DR was confirmed in 150 (39.1%) patients, from which 109 (28.4%) were diagnosed de novo. Severe DR was occurred in just 31 cases (8.1%). In the multivariate logistic regression, independent risk factors for the presence of DR were T1DM duration (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09–1.19), HbA1c level (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08–1.84), LDL level (OR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.16–2.87), and the combined presence of non-DR micro- and macrovascular chronic complications (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.16–3.03). Conclusions In this highly-selected group of T1DM patients, mostly female, the prevalence of both DR at any stage and severe DR was lower than earlier reported results from other cohorts. Independent risk factors for the DR cohort did not differ from previously reported studies.

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Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Risk Factors among Nurses at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1567

Author(s):

Aishah Almaghrabi ◽

Fatmah Alsharif

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Work Related ◽

King Abdulaziz University ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Aim: To determine the prevalence of LBP and the associated risk factors among nurses at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted with a convenience sample of 234 nurses recruited from nine different departments at KAUH in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed the questionnaire, which had two parts: Part I: Socio-demographic data, medical factors, and work-related factors; and Part II: Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to obtain data. Data collection was carried out from March to April 2020. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results: Cumulative prevalence of LBP was 82.9%, annual prevalence was 85.5%, while one-week prevalence of LBP was 53.6%. The factor significantly associated with LBP over the past 12 months was manual lifting of patients (p = 0.030). Nurses working in surgical wards had higher prevalence of LBP. About 24.7% of them changed their working unit, hospitalization was necessary for 11.9%, and 39.8% sought medical care. Conclusions: The findings from this study may better enable policymakers to adopt certain strategies toward reducing the burdens and challenges of LBP among nurses.

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Spatial Co-Clustering of Cardiovascular Diseases and Select Risk Factors among Adults in South Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3583

Author(s):

Timotheus B. Darikwa ◽

Samuel O. Manda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

High Blood Cholesterol ◽

Cold Spots ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are part of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developing countries, including South Africa, where they are a major public health issue. Understanding the joint spatial clustering of CVDs and associated risk factors to determine areas in need of enhanced integrated interventions would help develop targeted, cost-effective and productive mediations. We estimated joint spatial associations and clustering patterns of 2 CVDs (stroke and heart attack) and 3 risk factors (hypertension, high blood cholesterol (HBC) and smoking) among adults in South Africa. Methods: We used cross-sectional secondary adult (15–64-year olds) health data from the South African Demographic Health Survey 2016. Age and gender standardized disease incidence ratios were analyzed using joint spatial global and local bivariate Moran’s Index statistics. Results: We found significantly positive univariate spatial clustering for stroke (Moran; s Index = 0.128), smoking (0.606) hypertension (0.236) and high blood cholesterol (0.385). Smoking and high blood cholesterol (0.366), smoking and stroke (0.218) and stroke and high blood cholesterol (0.184) were the only bivariate outcomes with significant bivariate clustering. There was a joint stroke-smoking local “hot spots” cluster among four districts in the urban western part of the country (City of Cape Town; Cape Winelands; Overberg and Eden) and a joint “cold spots” cluster in the rural north-western part of the country. Similar joint “hot spots” clustering was found for stroke and high blood cholesterol, which also had “cold spots” cluster in the rural east-central part of the country. Smoking and high blood cholesterol had a “hot spots” cluster among five districts in the urban western part of the country (City of Cape Town; Cape Winelands; Overberg; Eden, and West Coast) and “cold spots” around the rural districts in east-southern parts of the country. Conclusions: Our study showed that districts tended to co-cluster based on the rates of CVDs and risk factors, where higher rates were found in urban places than in rural areas. These findings are suggestive of a more contagious and spatial diffusion process among interdependent districts in urban districts. Urbanization or rurality needs to be considered when intervention initiatives are implemented with more general approaches in rural areas. The finding of “hot spot” co-clusters in urban areas means that integrated intervention programmes aimed at reducing the risk of CVDs and associated risk factors would be cost-effective and more productive.

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